Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) among caregivers of individuals with an eating disorder.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI-S), which is designed to assess the caregiver's appraisal of the impact of caring for a relative with a serious mental illness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 caregivers of a relative with an eating disorder to examine: (a) descriptive statistics; (b) internal consistency reliability; (c) the fit of the original ten-factor structure of the ECI through exploratory factor analysis, using a semi-confirmatory approach, for each subscale individually, and (d) concurrent validity. A total of 307 caregivers completed the scale. RESULTS: Reliability of the ECI subscales scores was acceptable (α = 0.63-0.89). Results replicated the original ten-factor structure of the instrument. The concurrent validity was supported by correlations of the ECI-negative subscale with psychological distress (GHQ-12, 0.43), and with depression and anxiety (HADS, 0.48 and 0.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the ECI (ECI-S) demonstrated good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability that were similar to the original version. It is an acceptable and valid instrument for assessing the impact on family members of caring for a relative with an eating disorder and can be recommended for use in clinical settings in Spain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

[The group connected bike to help fight addiction]. / Le vélo connecté en groupe pour aider à maintenir l'abstinence.

As part of the individualised management of patients with an addiction, a relapse prevention strategy for people dependent on alcohol or with bulimia has been developed by Sainte-Anne general hospital. Nursing support based on the use of a connected bike with virtual riding software recreates an environment which is considerably enriched on a social, motor and cognitive level.

[Influence of the internet on eating disorders in teenagers]. / Influence d'Internet sur les TCA chez les adolescents.

Thanks to new technologies, young people can keep themselves informed, communicate, socialise and perform a host of other activities more easily, online. Adolescence is also a period of vulnerability for the development of eating disorders. This expansion of digital media in the daily lives of adolescents raises questions regarding the long-term implications and the possible impacts of the internet on the evolution and treatment of people with eating disorders.

[A mobile application for people with anorexia and bulimia]. / Une application mobile pour les personnes souffrant d'anorexie et de boulimie.

The development of new technologies in the field of eating disorders should help to improve access to care and serve to complement traditional treatments, notably after hospitalisations, to prevent early relapses. Mobile applications considered appropriate by experts, all Anglo-Saxon, do not necessarily offer the expected features. A French application has been developed at Sainte-Anne general hospital in Paris. It comprises a logbook, therapeutic tools and cognitive remediation games which favour better adaptability and improve psychological functioning.

[Bulimia Nervosa]. / Bulimia nerviosa.

In our society a huge tension is caused by three types of contradictory messages in relation to our body structure: medical message, aesthetic message and gastronomic message. The abundance of food, some very attractive, together with the social "order" of having to be slim to be accepted, originates very complicated internal situations that lead predisposed people to develop an eating disorder. In concrete, bulimia nervosa is a disorder nobody spoke about three decades ago, and there are only some detailed references about it in the last 80 years. In 1979, Rusell coined the name of bulimia nervosa and considered it as a variation of the anorexia. From the 80s on, it has been noticed how the incidence of the bulimia nervosa has increased, with an important quantitative variability, being a reason for concern among health professionals and our society in general, and for the families who suffer its consequences in particular. Not likely to be a new disorder, since the references to excesses with food and to vomiting are so old that they cannot be traced in time. The origin of this disorder is multifactorial and although personality factors and environmental elements are implied, it is also true that there is a genetic predisposition that is not still well known. The individuals with bulimia nervosa show a wide range of functional limitations that are linked to the disorder, being the social field the one which can probably be affected more negatively. For all this, nowadays the deployment of resources and efforts has been increased by the health authorities, in order to implement therapeutic procedures, to boost ways of prevention and to reinforce the rehabilitation of all the aspects implied in the disorder.

[Therapeutic touch and anorexia nervosa]. / Toucher thérapeutique et anorexie mentale.

An innovative practice, therapeutic touch has been used for around ten years in the treatment of eating disorders. Delivered by nurse clinicians having received specific training, this approach is based on nursing diagnoses which identify the major symptoms of this pathology. The support is built around the body and its perceptions. Through the helping relationship, it mobilises the patient's resources to favour a relationship of trust, a letting-go, physical, psychological and emotional relaxation, and improves the therapeutic alliance.

[Art-therapy in anorexia: the mediative elements?]. / Art-thérapie et anorexie mentale: quels objets médiateurs?

Art does not have any inherent curative property; it is used as a therapeutic medium. Three mediative elements, depending on their specificities, have a role to play in the intrapsychic and interpersonal transformation of the patient: the creation the art-therapist and the group of participants. This article looks at the different components of art-therapy used in the treatment of anorexia.

Management of bulimia nervosa: a case study with the Roy adaptation model.

Bulimia nervosa is a crippling and chronic disorder, with individuals experiencing repeated binge-purge episodes. It is not widely understood by society. The use of the Roy adaptation model for the management of bulimia nervosa is examined in this article. Nursing models are utilized to provide a structure for planning and implementation of patient management. The Roy adaptation model focuses on the importance of individuals as able to adapt well to their changing surrounding environments. This model can be useful in managing patients with bulimia nervosa.

Enhancing motivation to change in eating disorders with an online self-help program.

Ambivalence to change is a major obstacle to treating people with eating disorders. Enhancing motivation to change can contribute to recovery from the disorders. This study used an Internet-based self-help program developed in the Asia-Pacific region to identify the motivational stages of change in people with eating disorders. It explored their perceptions of the benefits and costs of taking action against their eating disorders, and assessed their involvement in motivational enhancement exercises and their improvement in eating disorder psychopathology. A total of 185 participants, aged 16-50 years (mean age, 26.5) were involved in the open-trial program with a motivational enhancement component and completed the Motivational Stages of Change Questionnaire (MSCARED), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire version 5 (EDE-Q5) and the Eating Disorder Inventory version 3 (EDI-3). The results show that more participants perceived the benefits of taking action against their eating disorders than the costs. Completer analysis shows that they experienced significant improvement in motivational stages of change and eating disorder psychopathology, from a baseline assessment to 1-month and 3-month follow ups. The self-help program has potential benefit for people with eating disorders and its use could be encouraged by health-care professionals to enhance the motivation to change and facilitate recovery.

Dying to be thin. Your guide to today's mental health issues.

With increased awareness of under 12s, as well as older children, developing serious eating disorders there is an urgent need for early recognition and treatment, as Dr Agnes Ayton explains.

A psychoneuroendocrino-immune approach in the nursing treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Recent clinical reports have shown an increasing number of patients afflicted by eating disorders in the western world. There are numerous causes and mechanisms leading to eating disorders that affect the psychoneuroendocrinoimmune system. In this study, we define a novel psychoneuroendocrinoimmune nursing approach for anorexic and bulimic patients' treatment. According to the specific diagnostic items deriving from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases, and clinical guidelines in eating disorders formulated by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, we carried out a qualitative study on the nursing treatment chosen by 210 international centers considered as a sample. This study was based on a no structured interview via e-mail to better understand the nursing approach in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Thanks to the selected centers' answers, four different levels of nursing care were identified, that include: the nursing role analyzing the spectrum of patients' problems; the nursing intervention in inpatient care; the nursing intervention in outpatient care; the day hospital treatment. All four prove to be especially useful in the nursing practice.

[The role of a psychiatric nurse in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa]. / Il ruolo dell'Infermiere psichiatrico nel trattamento di anoressia e bulimia nervosa.

BACKGROUND: An alarming number of individuals are developing eating disorders in the western world. Eating disorder is a complex compulsion to eat in a way which disturbs physical, mental and psychological health. There is no one cause of eating disorders because many things contribute to them. AIM: The aim of this article is to clarify whether a nurse could play a role in the treatment of patients with eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHOD: After an accurate research for the world's centers that are in forefront of scientific research in eating disorders, we identified 210 potentially care centers, that we contacted via e-mail, to receive more information about their method of treatment, in particular about the nursing treatment in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. RESULTS: We obtained three different groups of nursing treatment, that are: the role of the psychiatric nurse in the capture of the range of the patients problems; the nursing intervention in inpatient care; - the nursing intervention in outpatient care. All these groups contain many nursing practice in the treatment of anorexic and bulimic patients. DISCUSSION: The psychiatric nurse could play an important role in the whole period of treatment in patients with eating disorders, in that the nurse deals the patient in his physical and psychological component at the same time and he represents a constant presence in the whole clinical path-way's patient.

Eating disorders: identification and treatment in obstetrical patients.

Eating disorders are well defined in females ages 14 to 24, and consist primarily of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Collectively, these two eating disorders are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and acute distress over body shape and weight. In AN, fear of weight gain coupled with a distorted body image leads to refusal to maintain a minimally accepted body weight (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). Although women with BN also overvalue body size and shape, this disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by efforts to undo the binge episode (oral purging is the most widely known effort) (APA, 1994). Developmental, psychological, socioenvironmental and behavioral factors contribute to the complex development and persistence of AN and BN (Rosen & Neumark-Sztainer, 1998).

Um estudo sobre a percepção dos enfemeiros em relaçao à clientela com transtornos alimentares / A study about nurses' perception in relation to clients with eating disorders

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a percepção de enfermeiros assistenciais acerca do cuidado de enfermagem realizado junto à clientela portadora de transtornos alimentares, especialmente neste grupo: Anorexia Nervosa e Bulimia Nervosa. Nesta dissertação, buscamos compreender melhor a temática, tendo como base a história desses transtornos ao longo dos séculos, bem como o conhecimento adquirido por meio da revisão de literatura acerca de como esses transtornos se manifestam. Através de aproximações com o que deveria ser o cuidado de enfermagem a esta clientela, procuramos consolidar conceitos sobre o que significa a palavra enfermagem e o que representa o cuidado. O objeto de estudo foi o cuidado prestado pelo enfermeiro à clientela portadora de transtornos alimentares, e os objetivos, os seguintes: identificar a maneira pela qual enfermeiros interagem com clientes portadores de transtornos alimentares no processo de cuidar; descrever a visão dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado de enfermagem às clientes com transtorno alimentar. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, sendo a coleta de dados realizada em instituição de saúde localizada no Rio de Janeiro, especializada no tratamento de doenças endócrinas....