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Acne vulgaris, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa are enduring inflammatory skin conditions that frequently manifest with akin clinical attributes, posing a considerable challenge for their distinctive diagnosis. While these conditions do exhibit certain resemblances, they also demonstrate distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment modalities. Delving into both the molecular parallels and disparities among these three disorders can yield invaluable insights for refined diagnostics, effective management, and targeted therapeutic interventions. In this report, we present a comparative analysis of transcriptomic data across these three diseases, elucidating differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways specific to each ailment, as well as those shared among them. Specifically, we identified multiple zinc-binding proteins (SERPINA1, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and KRT16) as consistently highly upregulated genes across all three diseases. Our hypothesis suggests that these proteins could bind and sequester zinc, potentially leading to localized zinc deficiency and heightened inflammation. We identified high-dose dietary zinc as a promising therapeutic approach and confirmed its effectiveness through validation in an acne mouse model.
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Acné Vulgar , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Hidradenitis Supurativa , Rosácea , Zinc , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Acné Vulgar/genética , Zinc/uso terapéutico , Zinc/metabolismo , Rosácea/tratamiento farmacológico , Rosácea/genética , Hidradenitis Supurativa/tratamiento farmacológico , Hidradenitis Supurativa/genética , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Proteína A7 de Unión a Calcio de la Familia S100/metabolismo , Proteína A7 de Unión a Calcio de la Familia S100/genética , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Proteínas S100/genética , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
S100a8/a9, largely released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), belongs to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins and plays a role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Although S100a8/a9 has been reported to trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, the mechanisms of S100a8/a9-induced endothelial dysfunction during sepsis require in-depth research. We demonstrate that high expression levels of S100a8/a9 suppress Ndufa3 expression in mitochondrial complex I via downregulation of Nrf1 expression. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency contributes to NAD+-dependent Sirt1 suppression, which induces mitochondrial disorders, including excessive fission and blocked mitophagy, and mtDNA released from damaged mitochondria ultimately activates ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis in endothelial cells. Moreover, based on comprehensive scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses, S100A8/A9hi neutrophils are closely associated with the circulating endothelial cell count (a useful marker of endothelial damage), and S100A8 is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in sepsis patients.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Mitocondrias , Neutrófilos , Sepsis , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Sepsis/patología , Sepsis/metabolismo , Sepsis/genética , Humanos , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Complejo I de Transporte de Electrón/metabolismo , Complejo I de Transporte de Electrón/deficiencia , Complejo I de Transporte de Electrón/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/patología , Animales , Ratones , Masculino , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Mitofagia , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , ApoptosisAsunto(s)
Actinas , Neoplasias de la Mama , Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Movimiento Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Femenino , Actinas/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Invasividad Neoplásica , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/genética , PolimerizacionRESUMEN
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is characterized by inflammation and obstruction of small-and medium-sized distal arteries, with limited pharmacotherapies and surgical interventions. The precise pathogenesis of TAO remains elusive. By utilizing the technology of tandem mass tags (TMT) for quantitative proteomics and leveraging bioinformatics tools, a comparative analysis of protein profiles was conducted between normal and TAO rats to identify key proteins driving TAO development. The results unveiled 1385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the TAO compared with the normal group-comprising 365 proteins with upregulated expression and 1020 proteins with downregulated expression. Function annotation through gene ontology indicated these DEPs mainly involved in cell adhesion, positive regulation of cell migration, and cytosol. The principal signaling pathways involved regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, vascular smooth contraction, and focal adhesion. The roles of these DEPs and associated signaling pathways serve as a fundamental framework for comprehending the mechanisms underpinning the onset and progression of TAO. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of S100A8/A9 and its inhibitor, paquinimod, on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and in TAO rats. We observed that paquinimod reduces SMCs proliferation and migration, promotes phenotype switching and alleviates vascular stenosis in TAO rats. In conclusion, our study revealed that the early activation of S100A8/A9 in the femoral artery is implicated in TAO development, targeting S100A8/A9 signaling may provide a novel approach for TAO prevention and treatment.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Proteómica , Tromboangitis Obliterante , Animales , Tromboangitis Obliterante/metabolismo , Tromboangitis Obliterante/patología , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Ratas , Masculino , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for advanced esophageal cancer. However, durable benefits are achieved by only a limited subset of individuals due to the elusive chemoresistance. Here, we utilize patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma to investigate chemoresistance mechanisms in preclinical settings. We observe that activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are enriched in the tumor microenvironment of PDXs resistant to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we reveal that cancer-cell-derived S100A8 triggers the intracellular RhoA-ROCK-MLC2-MRTF-A pathway by binding to the CD147 receptor of CAFs, inducing CAF polarization and leading to chemoresistance. Therapeutically, we demonstrate that blocking the S100A8-CD147 pathway can improve chemotherapy efficiency. Prognostically, we found the S100A8 levels in peripheral blood can serve as an indicator of chemotherapy responsiveness. Collectively, our study offers a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in esophageal cancer and highlights the potential value of S100A8 in the clinical management of esophageal cancer.
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Calgranulina A , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Animales , Ratones , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Reprogramación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Basigina/metabolismo , Basigina/genética , Proteína de Unión al GTP rhoA/metabolismo , Proteína de Unión al GTP rhoA/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: S100a8/9 (S100 calcium binding protein a8/9) belongs to the S100 family and has gained a lot of interest as a critical regulator of inflammatory response. Our previous study found that S100a8/9 homolog promoted aortic valve sclerosis in mice with chronic kidney disease. However, the role of S100a8/9 in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. The present study was to explore the role of S100a8/9 in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiomyocyte-specific S100a9 loss or gain of function was achieved using an adeno-associated virus system, and the model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by aortic banding-induced pressure overload. The results indicate that S100a8/9 expression was increased in response to pressure overload. S100a9 deficiency alleviated pressure overload-induced hypertrophic response, whereas S100a9 overexpression accelerated cardiac hypertrophy. S100a9-overexpressed mice showed increased FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) expression in the hearts after exposure to pressure overload, which activated calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling in cardiac myocytes and thus promoted hypertrophic response. A specific antibody that blocks FGFR4 (FGF receptor 4) largely abolished the prohypertrophic response of S100a9 in mice. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, S100a8/9 promoted the development of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Targeting S100a8/9 may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Factor-23 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos , Factores de Transcripción NFATC , Regulación hacia Arriba , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor-23 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/genética , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/genética , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction triggers α-synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the crosstalk between deubiquitinating enzyme (DUBs) and α-synuclein pathology remains unclear. In this study, we observed a decrease in the level of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), a DUB, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients, particularly females. Moreover, CSF USP14 exhibited a dual correlation with α-synuclein in male and female PD patients. To investigate the impact of USP14 deficiency, we crossed USP14 heterozygous mouse (USP14+/-) with transgenic A53T PD mouse (A53T-Tg) or injected adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying human α-synuclein (AAV-hα-Syn) in USP14+/- mice. We found that Usp14 deficiency improved the behavioral abnormities and pathological α-synuclein deposition in female A53T-Tg or AAV-hα-Syn mice. Additionally, Usp14 inactivation attenuates the pro-inflammatory response in female AAV-hα-Syn mice, whereas Usp14 inactivation demonstrated opposite effects in male AAV-hα-Syn mice. Mechanistically, the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 may be the downstream target of Usp14 deficiency in female mouse models of α-synucleinopathies. Furthermore, upregulated S100A8/A9 was responsible for α-synuclein degradation by autophagy and the suppression of the pro-inflammatory response in microglia after Usp14 knockdown. Consequently, our study suggests that USP14 could serve as a novel therapeutic target in PD.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Ratones Transgénicos , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa , alfa-Sinucleína , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , alfa-Sinucleína/genética , Animales , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/deficiencia , Humanos , Ratones , Femenino , Masculino , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
The dysfunction of innate immunity components is one of the major drivers for ulcerative colitis (UC), and increasing reports indicate that the gut microbiome serves as an intermediate between genetic mutations and UC development. Here, we find that the IL-17 receptor subunit, CMTM4, is reduced in UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The deletion of CMTM4 (Cmtm4-/-) in mice leads to a higher susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis than in wild-type, and the gut microbiome significantly changes in composition. The causal role of the gut microbiome is confirmed with a cohousing experiment. We further identify that S100a8/9 is significantly up-regulated in Cmtm4-/- colitis, with the block of its receptor RAGE that reverses the phenotype associated with the CMTM4 deficiency. CMTM4 deficiency rather suppresses S100a8/9 expression in vitro via the IL17 pathway, further supporting that the elevation of S100a8/9 in vivo is most likely a result of microbial dysbiosis. Taken together, the results suggest that CMTM4 is involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, suppression of S100a8/9, and prevention of colitis development. Our study further shows CMTM4 as a crucial innate immunity component, confirming its important role in UC development and providing insights into potential targets for the development of future therapies.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Colitis , Sulfato de Dextran , Disbiosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Proteínas con Dominio MARVEL , Animales , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Disbiosis/microbiología , Disbiosis/genética , Disbiosis/inmunología , Ratones , Humanos , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Proteínas con Dominio MARVEL/genética , Proteínas con Dominio MARVEL/metabolismo , Colitis/genética , Colitis/microbiología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Colitis Ulcerosa/microbiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/genética , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/inmunología , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Ratones Noqueados , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Background: Allergic asthma is the most prevalent asthma phenotype and is associated with the disorders of immune cells and glycolysis. Macrophages are the most common type of immune cells in the lungs. Calprotectin (S100A8 and S100A9) are two pro-inflammatory molecules that target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and are substantially increased in the serum of patients with severe asthma. This study aimed to determine the effects of S100A8/A9 on macrophage polarization and glycolysis associated with allergic asthma. Methods: To better understand the roles of S100A8 and S100A9 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, we used ovalbumin (OVA)-induced MH-S cells, and OVA-sensitized and challenged mouse models (wild-type male BALB/c mice). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and western blotting were performed. The glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) was used to observe changes in glycolysis in mice. Results: We found knockdown of S100A8 or S100A9 in OVA-induced MH-S cells inhibited inflammatory cytokines, macrophage polarization biomarker expression, and pyroptosis cell proportion, but increased anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA; also, glycolysis was inhibited, as evidenced by decreased lactate and key enzyme expression; especially, knockdown of S100A8 or S100A9 inhibited the activity of TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)/Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Intervention with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) abolished the beneficial effects of S100A8 and S100A9 knockdown. The observation of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice showed that S100A8 or S100A9 knockdown promoted respiratory function, improved lung injury, and inhibited inflammation; knockdown of S100A8 or S100A9 also suppressed macrophage polarization, glycolysis levels, and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the lung. Conversely, S100A9 overexpression exacerbated lung injury and inflammation, promoting macrophage polarization and glycolysis, which were antagonized by the glycolysis inhibitor 3-BP. Conclusion: S100A8 and S100A9 play critical roles in allergic asthma pathogenesis by promoting macrophage perturbation and glycolysis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of S100A8 and S100A9 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Asma , Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glucólisis , Macrófagos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Asma/genética , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Glucólisis/genética , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/metabolismo , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina , Transducción de Señal/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genéticaRESUMEN
Our developed cell division-specific 'centrin' gene deleted Leishmania donovani (LdCen1-/-) the causative parasite of the fatal visceral-leishmaniasis (VL), exhibits a selective growth arrest at the intracellular stage and is anticipated as a live attenuated vaccine candidate against VL. LdCen1-/- immunization in animals has shown increased IFN-γ secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells along with protection conferred by a protective proinflammatory immune response. A label-free proteomics approach has been employed to understand the physiology of infection and predict disease interceptors during Leishmania-host interactions. Proteomic modulation after infection of human macrophage cell lines suggested elevated annexin A6, implying involvement in various biological processes such as membrane repair, transport, actin dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and inflammation, thereby potentiating its immunological protective capacity. Additionally, S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, known for maintaining homeostatic balance in regulating the inflammatory response, have been upregulated after infection. The inhibitory clade of serpins, known to inhibit cysteine proteases (CPs), was upregulated in host cells after 48 h of infection. This is reflected in the diminished expression of CPs in the parasites during infection. Such proteome analysis confirms LdCen1-/- efficacy as a vaccine candidate and predicts potential markers in future vaccine development strategies against infectious diseases.
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Leishmania donovani , Macrófagos , Proteoma , Proteínas Protozoarias , Leishmania donovani/inmunología , Leishmania donovani/genética , Humanos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/parasitología , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Proteómica , Animales , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina A/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Excessive inflammatory responses are the main characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Activation of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) has been found to promote the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells, but its role and therapeutic potential in UC remain unclear. This study observed an increased expression of FPR1 in a mouse model of colitis. Interestingly, FPR1 deficiency exacerbated UC and increased the secretion of the proinflammatory mediator from immune cells (e.g. macrophages), S100a8, a member of the damage-associated molecular patterns. Notably, the administration of the FPR agonist Cmpd43 ameliorated colon injury in a preclinical mice model of UC, likely via inhibiting phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein and expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ß, which in turn suppressed the secretion of S100a8. In conclusion, these findings discovered a novel role of FPR1 in the development of colitis and will facilitate the development of FPR1-based pharmacotherapy to treat UC.
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Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT , Calgranulina A , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Homeostasis , Mucosa Intestinal , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores de Formil Péptido , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Receptores de Formil Péptido/metabolismo , Receptores de Formil Péptido/genética , Ratones , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteína beta Potenciadora de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Colitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Colitis Ulcerosa/inmunología , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Megakaryocytes (MKs), integral to platelet production, predominantly reside in the bone marrow (BM) and undergo regulated fragmentation within sinusoid vessels to release platelets into the bloodstream. Inflammatory states and infections influence MK transcription, potentially affecting platelet functionality. Notably, COVID-19 has been associated with altered platelet transcriptomes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could affect the transcriptome of BM MKs. Using spatial transcriptomics to discriminate subpopulations of MKs based on proximity to BM sinusoids, we identified â¼19 000 genes in MKs. Machine learning techniques revealed that the transcriptome of healthy murine BM MKs exhibited minimal differences based on proximity to sinusoid vessels. Furthermore, at peak SARS-CoV-2 viremia, when the disease primarily affected the lungs, MKs were not significantly different from those from healthy mice. Conversely, a significant divergence in the MK transcriptome was observed during systemic inflammation, although SARS-CoV-2 RNA was never detected in the BM, and it was no longer detectable in the lungs. Under these conditions, the MK transcriptional landscape was enriched in pathways associated with histone modifications, MK differentiation, NETosis, and autoimmunity, which could not be explained by cell proximity to sinusoid vessels. Notably, the type I interferon signature and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) were not induced in MKs under any condition. However, inflammatory cytokines induced in the blood and lungs of COVID-19 mice were different from those found in the BM, suggesting a discriminating impact of inflammation on this specific subset of cells. Collectively, our data indicate that a new population of BM MKs may emerge through COVID-19-related pathogenesis.
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Médula Ósea , COVID-19 , Megacariocitos , SARS-CoV-2 , Transcriptoma , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/metabolismo , Megacariocitos/metabolismo , Megacariocitos/virología , Animales , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Ratones , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Médula Ósea/patología , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Humanos , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
S100A8 and S100A9 belong to the calcium-binding, damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins shown to aggravate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through their interaction with the TLR4, RAGE and CD36 receptors. S100A8 and S100A9 proteins tend to exist in monomeric, homo and heterodimeric forms, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, via interacting with Pattern Recognition receptors (PRRs). The study aims to assess the influence of changes in the structure and biological assembly of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins as well as their interaction with significant receptors in RA through computational methods and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the S100A9 homodimer and S100A8/A9 heterodimer showed higher binding affinity towards the target receptors. Most S100 proteins showed good binding affinity towards TLR4 compared to other receptors. Based on the 50 ns MD simulations, TLR4, RAGE, and CD36 formed stable complexes with the monomeric and dimeric forms of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins. However, SPR analysis showed that the S100A8/A9 heterodimers formed stable complexes and exhibited high binding affinity towards the receptors. SPR data also indicated that TLR4 and its interactions with S100A8/A9 proteins may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of RA, with additional contributions from CD36 and RAGE interactions. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo investigations are warranted to corroborate the involvement of S100A8/A9 and the expression of TLR4, RAGE, and CD36 in the pathophysiology of RA.
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Antígenos CD36 , Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Receptor Toll-Like 4 , Calgranulina B/química , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/química , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/química , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Humanos , Antígenos CD36/química , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Antígenos CD36/genética , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/química , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Resonancia por Plasmón de Superficie , Multimerización de Proteína , Artritis Reumatoide/metabolismoRESUMEN
Heart failure is the prevalent complication of acute myocardial infarction. We aim to identify a biomarker for heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction. This observational study includes 1062 and 1043 patients with acute myocardial infarction in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The outcomes are in-hospital and long-term heart failure events. S100A8/A9 is screened out through proteomic analysis, and elevated circulating S100A8/A9 is independently associated with heart failure in discovery and validation cohorts. Furthermore, the predictive value of S100A8/A9 is superior to the traditional biomarkers, and the addition of S100A8/A9 improves the risk estimation using traditional risk factors. We finally report causal effect of S100A8/A9 on heart failure in three independent cohorts using Mendelian randomization approach. Here, we show that S100A8/A9 is a predictor and potentially causal medicator for heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Calgranulina B , Pronóstico , Proteómica , Calgranulina A/genética , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Biomarcadores , SíndromeRESUMEN
Long considered to fluctuate between pro- and anti-inflammatory states, it has now become evident that microglia occupy a variegated phenotypic landscape with relevance to aging and neurodegeneration. However, whether specific microglial subsets converge in or contribute to both processes that eventually affect brain function is less clear. To investigate this, we analyzed microglial heterogeneity in a tauopathy mouse model (K18-seeded P301L) and an accelerated aging model (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8, SAMP8) using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing. We found that widespread tau pathology in K18-seeded P301L mice caused a significant change in the number and morphology of microglia, but only a mild overrepresentation of disease-associated microglia. At the cell population-level, we observed a marked upregulation of the calprotectin-encoding genes S100a8 and S100a9. In 9-month-old SAMP8 mice, we identified a unique microglial subpopulation that showed partial similarity with the disease-associated microglia phenotype and was additionally characterized by a high expression of the same calprotectin gene set. Immunostaining for S100A8 revealed that this population was enriched in the hippocampus, correlating with the cognitive impairment observed in this model. However, incomplete colocalization between their residence and markers of neuronal loss suggests regional specificity. Importantly, S100A8-positive microglia were also retrieved in brain biopsies of human AD and tauopathy patients as well as in a biopsy of an aged individual without reported pathology. Thus, the emergence of S100A8-positive microglia portrays a conspicuous commonality between accelerated aging and tauopathy progression, which may have relevance for ensuing brain dysfunction.
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Envejecimiento , Encéfalo , Calgranulina A , Microglía , Animales , Microglía/metabolismo , Ratones , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina A/genética , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/genética , Humanos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Tauopatías/metabolismo , Tauopatías/patología , Masculino , Ratones TransgénicosRESUMEN
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is characterized by endometrial fibrosis. S100A8/A9 plays an important role in inflammation and fibroblast activation. However, the role of S100A8/A9 in IUA remains unclear. In this study, we collect normal and IUA endometrium to verify the expression of S100A8/A9. Human endometrial stromal cells (hEnSCs) are isolated to evaluate fibrosis progression after S100A8/A9 treatment. A porcine IUA model is established by electrocautery injury to confirm the therapeutic effect of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) on IUA. Our study reveals increased S100A8/A9 expression in IUA endometrium. S100A8/A9 significantly enhances hEnSCs proliferation and upregulates fibrosis-related and inflammation-associated markers. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 induces hEnSCs fibrosis through the RAGE-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Transplantation of MenSCs in a porcine IUA model notably enhances angiogenesis, mitigates endometrial fibrosis and downregulates S100A8/A9 expression. In summary, S100A8/A9 induces hEnSCs fibrosis via the RAGE-JAK2-STAT3 pathway, and MenSCs exhibit marked effects on endometrial restoration in the porcine IUA model.
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Enfermedades Uterinas , Femenino , Humanos , Animales , Porcinos , Endometrio , Calgranulina A/genética , Células Epiteliales , Inflamación , Janus Quinasa 2/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and chronic inflammation caused by cigarette smoke plays a crucial role in the development and progression of this disease. S100A8/9 and RAGE are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression of S100A8/9, HMBG1, and other related pro-inflammatory molecules and clinical characteristics in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We obtained serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from 107 patients and categorized them as never or ever-smokers. We measured the levels of S100A8/9, RAGE, and HMGB1 in the collected samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent kits. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to assess the expression of S100A8/9, CD11b, and CD8 in lung cancer tissues. The correlation between the expression of these proteins and the clinical characteristics of patients with NSCLC was also explored. RESULTS: The expression of S100A8/A9, RAGE, and HMGB was significantly correlated with smoking status and was higher in people with a history of smoking or who were currently smoking. There was a positive correlation between serum and BAL fluid S100A8/9 levels. The expression of S100A8/A9 and CD8 in lung tumor tissues was significantly correlated with smoking history in patients with NSCLC. Ever-smokers, non-adenocarcinoma histology, and high PD-L1 expression were significant factors predicting high serum S100A8/9 levels in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The S100A8/9-RAGE pathway and CD8 expression were increased in smoking-related NSCLC patients. The S100A8/9-RAGE pathway could be a promising biomarker for chronic airway inflammation and carcinogenesis in smoking-related lung diseases.
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Calgranulina A , Calgranulina B , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Calgranulina B/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Inflamación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/genética , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Fumar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We have reported a positive correlation between S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) A8/S100A9 and sepsis-induced lung damage before. However, limited knowledge exists concerning the biological role of S100A8/A9 in pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction, as well as the diagnostic value of S100A8/A9 in sepsis. METHODS: Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6J mice and S100A9-knockout (KO) mice through the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Pulmonary vascular leakage was determined by measuring extravasated Evans blue (EB). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the histological score were used to evaluate inflammation and lung injury, respectively. Recombinant S100A8/A9 (rhS100A8/A9) was used to identify the effects of S100A8/A9 on endothelial barrier dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, the diagnostic value of S100A8/A9 in sepsis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS: S100A8/A9 expression was up-regulated in the lungs of CLP-operated mice. S100A9 KO significantly reversed CLP-induced hypothermia and hypotension, resulting in an improved survival rate. S100A9 KO also decreased the inflammatory response, EB leakage, and histological scores in the lungs of CLP-operated mice. Occludin and VE-cadherin expressions were decreased in the lungs of CLP-operated mice; However, S100A9 KO attenuated this decrease. Moreover, CLP-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling activation and apoptosis were mitigated by S100A9 KO in lungs. In addition, rhS100A8/A9 administration significantly decreased occludin and VE-cadherin expressions, increased the phosphorylated (p)-ERK/ERK, p-p38/p38, and B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2)-associated X protein/Bcl-2 ratios in HUVECs. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated S100A8/A9 aggravated sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation, vascular permeability, and lung injury. This was achieved, at least partially, by activating the P38/STAT3/ERK signalling pathways. Moreover, S100A8/A9 showed the potential as a biomarker for sepsis diagnosis.
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Lesión Pulmonar , Sepsis , Ratones , Animales , Humanos , Ocludina , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina A/metabolismo , Calgranulina B/genética , Pulmón/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 are inflammatory disease biomarkers whose functional significance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We evaluated the significance of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 levels in IPF development and prognosis. METHODS: The dataset was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes were screened using GEO2R. We conducted a retrospective study of 106 patients with IPF to explore the relationships between different biomarkers and poor outcomes. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and functional enrichment analyses were used to evaluate relationships between these biomarkers' levels and clinical parameters or prognosis. RESULTS: Serum levels of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 were significantly elevated in patients with IPF. The two most significant co-expression genes of S100A12 were S100A8 and S100A9. Patients with levels of S100A12 (median 231.21 ng/mL), S100A9 (median 57.09 ng/mL) or S100A8 (median 52.20 ng/mL), as well as combined elevated S100A12, S100A9, and S100A8 levels, exhibited shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. Serum S100A12 and S100A8, S100A12 and S100A9, S100A9 and S100A8 concentrations also displayed a strong positive correlation (rs2 = 0.4558, rs2 = 0.4558, rs2 = 0.6373; P < 0.001). S100A12 and S100A8/9 concentrations were independent of FVC%, DLCO%, and other clinical parameters (age, laboratory test data, and smoking habit). Finally, in multivariate analysis, the serum levels of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 were significant prognostic factors (hazard ratio 1.002, P = 0.032, hazard ratio 1.039, P = 0.001, and hazard ratio 1.048, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 are promising circulating biomarkers that may aid in determining IPF patient prognosis. Multicenter clinical trials are needed to confirm their clinical value.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Proteína S100A12 , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Calgranulina A/genética , Calgranulina B/genética , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/genética , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Introduction: Gastric myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a prominent population that expands during gastric pre-neoplastic and neoplastic development in humans and mice. However, the heterogeneity of this population has circumvented the ability to study these cells or understand their functions. Aside from Schlafen-4+ (Slfn-4+) MDSCs in mouse studies, which constitute a subset of this population, limitations exist in characterizing the heterogeneity of the gastric CD11b+Ly6G+ population and targeting its different subsets. Here we identify S100a8 as a pan-specific marker for this population and utilize it to study the role of the S100a8+Cxcr2+ subset. Methods: We profiled gastric CD11b+Ly6G+ versus CD11b+Ly6G- myeloid cells by transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified S100a8 as a pan-specific marker of the gastric granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC) population, and generated S100a8CreCxcr2flox/flox to study the effects of Cxcr2 knockdown. Results: Following 6-months of Helicobacter felis infection, gastric CD11b+Ly6G+ G-MDSCs were highly enriched for the expression of S100a8, S100a9, Slfn4, Cxcr2, Irg1, Il1f9, Hcar2, Retnlg, Wfdc21, Trem1, Csf3R, Nlrp3, and Il1b. The expression of these distinct genes following 6mo H. felis infection marked heterogeneous subpopulations, but they all represented a subset of S100a8+ cells. S100a8 was identified as a pan-marker for CD11b+Ly6G+ cells arising in chronic inflammation, but not neutrophils recruited during acute gut infection. 6mo Helicobacter felis-infected S100a8CreCxcr2flox/flox mice exhibited worsened gastric metaplastic pathology than Cxcr2flox/flox mice, which was associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and peroxidation. Conclusion: S100a8 is a pan-specific marker that can be used to target gastric G-MDSC subpopulations, of which the Cxcr2+ subset regulates gastric immunopathology and associates with the regulation of lipid peroxidation.