Effect of sodium-dependent glucose transporter inhibitors on glycated hemoglobin A1c after 24 weeks in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, and sotagliflozin according to their effect on the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis and to create plots. RESULTS: Finally, 27 studies were selected and included in this study. The meta-analysis results showed that sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) inhibitors significantly reduced the HbA1c level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, these results were highly heterogeneous, so we conducted a subgroup analysis. The results of the subgroup analysis suggested that by dividing populations into different subgroups, the heterogeneity of each group could be reduced. CONCLUSIONS: SGLT inhibitors had a good effect on the HbA1c level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there might be differences in the efficacy of SGLT inhibitors in different populations. It is hoped that more studies will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SGLT inhibitors in different populations. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020185025.

Long-Term Clinical Benefits of Canagliflozin 100 mg Versus Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin in India.

OBJECTIVES: To simulate the long-term health outcomes of canagliflozin 100 mg versus glimepiride over 20 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on metformin from the perspective of the Indian health care system. METHODS: Health outcomes were simulated using the validated Economic and Health Outcomes Model of T2DM. Patient demographic characteristics, biomarker values, and treatment effects were sourced from a subgroup of Indian patients enrolled in a 52-week, head-to-head study of canagliflozin versus glimepiride (mean maximum dose of 5.6 mg/d) in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin. Outcomes were discounted at 5%. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative values for key model inputs. RESULTS: Relative to glimepiride, treatment with canagliflozin 100 mg was associated with approximately 14 more patients surviving at year 20 per 1,000 patients treated and 0.43 quality-adjusted life-years gained, largely because of improved body weight and reduced risk of macrovascular and microvascular morbidity over 20 years. Risk reductions were the largest for microvascular complications (e.g., chronic kidney disease and albuminuria). Improved health outcomes were driven by better glycated hemoglobin control associated with canagliflozin versus glimepiride, which also delayed the need for rescue therapy. Key components of quality-adjusted life-year gains included the avoidance of hypoglycemic episodes, chronic kidney disease, and weight gain, as well as increased survival with canagliflozin compared with glimepiride. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation results suggest that canagliflozin 100 mg may provide better long-term health outcomes compared with glimepiride in Indian patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin.