RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Promotion of facial cleanliness is recommended for the elimination of blinding trachoma, largely because of observational studies that have found an association between various measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. However, when a field grader assesses both facial cleanliness and trachoma, associations may be biased. Assessment of photographs of the face and conjunctiva by masked graders may provide a less biased estimate of the relationship between facial cleanliness and trachoma. METHODS: Face photographs, conjunctival photographs, and conjunctival swabs were obtained on a random sample of 0-9-year-old children from each of 40 communities in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Face photographs were assessed for the presence of seven measures of an unclean face (i.e., wet nasal discharge, dry nasal discharge, wet ocular discharge, dry ocular discharge, food, dust/dirt, and flies) by three independent masked photo-graders. Conjunctival photographs were similarly graded in a masked fashion for signs of clinically active trachoma. Conjunctival swabs were processed for Chlamydia trachomatis DNA. RESULTS: Of 2073 children with complete data, 808 (39%) had evidence of clinically active trachoma, 150 (7%) had evidence of ocular chlamydia infection, and 2524 (91%) had at least one measure of an unclean face. Dry ocular discharge had the strongest association with clinically active trachoma (age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6) and ocular chlamydia infection (PR 1.9, 95%CI 1.3-2.9), although significant associations were observed between each of the measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. CONCLUSIONS: Masked assessment of face and conjunctival photographs confirmed prior observational studies that have noted associations between various measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. The causal relationship between facial uncleanliness and trachoma is unclear since many features used to measure facial cleanliness (e.g., ocular discharge, nasal discharge, and flies) could be consequences of antecedent ocular chlamydia infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02754583, clinicaltrials.gov.
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Conjuntiva , Cara , Higiene , Fotograbar , Tracoma , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Conjuntiva/microbiología , Conjuntiva/patología , Estudios Transversales , Etiopía/epidemiología , Cara/microbiología , Cara/patología , Tracoma/epidemiología , Tracoma/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tinea faciei, a specific dermatophytosis that affects the glabrous skin of the face, not only causes physical discomfort but also leads to greater psychological distress. Tinea faciei is a public health concern. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, responsible dermatophyte species and clinical features of tinea faciei in Hangzhou. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Laboratory Information System of the Mycology Laboratory and Medical Information System at a hospital in Hangzhou. Isolates were identified based on their macroscopic appearance and microscopic morphology. RESULTS: Tinea faciei was diagnosed in 701 patients, involving 359 males and 342 females, aged between 2 months and 97 years. In total, 499 isolates (71.18%) were identified as Trichophyton rubrum. Anthropophilic isolates were identified in 297 (82.73%) males and 207 (60.53%) females (p < .01). Among patients with anthropophilic dermatophytes infection, 447 (88.69%) were adults. Zoophilic dermatophytes were isolated in 57 (15.88%) males and 130 (38.01%) females (p < .01), among whom 108 (57.75%) were children. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropophilic dermatophytes, especially T. rubrum, were the predominant cause of tinea faciei, while zoophilic dermatophytes were the most prevalent in children. Compared with men, women may be more susceptible to zoophilic dermatophytes.
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Arthrodermataceae , Tiña , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , China/epidemiología , Niño , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/epidemiología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Lactante , Anciano , Arthrodermataceae/aislamiento & purificación , Arthrodermataceae/clasificación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Dermatosis Facial/microbiología , Dermatosis Facial/epidemiología , Dermatosis Facial/patología , Cara/microbiología , Cara/patología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Fungal infection is a rare condition in immunocompetent individuals, and it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report on a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in healthy 25-year-old man. Based on the clinical findings, the case was first thought to be cervico-facial actinomycosis, but Alternaria was identified on the culture after debridement. Simple surgical excision resulted in the complete cure without administration of systemic antifungals.
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Alternaria , Cara , Feohifomicosis , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feohifomicosis/diagnóstico , Feohifomicosis/microbiología , Feohifomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Feohifomicosis/patología , Alternaria/aislamiento & purificación , Cara/microbiología , Cara/patología , Desbridamiento , Microscopía , Histocitoquímica , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , Dermatomicosis/patología , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunocompetencia , Piel/patología , Piel/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to expound on the correlation between facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin (SS) using a novel sequencing technique. METHODS: We applied the 2bRAD sequencing for the microbiome, which enables accurate characterization of the low-biomass microbiome at species resolution to profile facial skin microbes in SS and non-SS groups. Further, the bacterial colonies were isolated and cultured from skin surfaces to study the pro-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes by ELISA. RESULTS: We accordingly identified 1142 genera and 4436 strains. In the SS group, the proportions of Actinomyces and Microbotryomycetes were significantly increased, whereas that of Acidimicrobiia was decreased. Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in 11 genera and 35 species, among which the proportions of Dermabacter, Chryseobacterium, Rhodotorula and Peptoniphilus A were increased in the SS group. Analysis of the top 10 genera revealed increased proportions of Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the proportion of Dermabacter hominis was significantly increased by 18.9-fold in the SS group, whereas those of many Streptococcus strains were significantly decreased. Focus on the isolated bacterial colonies from skin surfaces, more yellow colonies were found in SS group when cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium for 48 h, and more interleukin-8 was detected on keratinocytes after yellow colonies stimulation, such as S.capitis, M.luteus. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that more SS-associated microorganisms can be identified using the 2bRAD technique even with a small sample size. Dermabacter hominis and Chryseobacterium was firstly reported with a significantly increase in SS, and the S.capitis, as well as M.luteus, but not S.aureus, may be associated with skin inflammation.
OBJECTIF: Cette étude visait à expliquer la corrélation entre le microbiome de la peau du visage et la peau sensible (PS) à l'aide d'une nouvelle technique de séquençage. MÉTHODES: Nous avons appliqué le séquençage 2bRAD pour le microbiome, ce qui nous a permis de caractériser précisément le microbiome à faible biomasse à la résolution des espèces pour profiler les microbes de la peau du visage dans les groupes PS et nonPS. En outre, les colonies bactériennes ont été isolées et cultivées à partir de surfaces cutanées pour étudier l'effet proinflammatoire sur les kératinocytes humains par ELISA. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons donc identifié 1 142 genres et 4 436 souches. Dans le groupe PS, on a pu constater des proportions d'Actinomyces et de microbotryomycètes significativement accrues, pour de moindres proportions d'Acidimicrobiia. L'analyse de KruskalWallis a révélé des différences significatives dans 11 genres et 35 espèces, parmi lesquelles des proportions de Dermabacter, Chryseobacterium, Rhodotorula et Peptoniphilus A accrues dans le groupe PS. L'analyse des 10 principaux genres a montré une augmentation des proportions de Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium et Staphylococcus. En outre, la proportion de Dermabacter hominis a été multipliée par 18,9 dans le groupe PS, soit une augmentation significative, tandis que celle de nombreuses souches de Streptococcus s'est avérée significativement plus basse. En se concentrant sur les colonies bactériennes isolées des surfaces cutanées, plus de colonies jaunes ont été trouvées dans le groupe PS lorsqu'elles étaient cultivées dans du milieu de bouillon trypticase soja pendant 48 h, et davantage d'interleukine8 a été détectée sur les kératinocytes après la stimulation des colonies jaunes comme S. capitis, M. luteus. CONCLUSIONS: Cette étude suggère que davantage de microorganismes associés au PS peuvent être identifiés à l'aide de la technique 2bRAD, même avec un échantillon de petite taille. Dermabacter hominis et Chryseobacterium ont été rapportés avec une augmentation significative pour les PS, et S. capitis, ainsi que M. luteus, mais pas S. aureus, pouvant être associés à une inflammation cutanée.
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Cara , Microbiota , Piel , Humanos , Piel/microbiología , Cara/microbiología , Adulto , Femenino , Queratinocitos/microbiología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The World Health Organization promotes the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements) strategy for trachoma control and prevention. The F&E components of the strategy focus on promotion of healthy hygiene and sanitation behaviors. In order to monitor F&E activities implemented across villages and schools in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda, an F&E Monitoring and Evaluation (FEME) framework was developed to track quarterly program outputs and to provide the basis for a pre and post evaluation of the activities. Results showed an increase in knowledge at the school and household levels, and in some cases, an increase in presence of hand/face washing stations. However, this did not always result in a change in trachoma prevention behaviors such as facial cleanliness or keeping compounds free of human feces. The results highlight that the F&E programs were effective in increasing awareness of trachoma prevention but not able to translate that knowledge into changes in behavior during the time between pre and post-surveys. This study also indicates the potential to improve the data collection and survey design and notes that the period of intervention was not long enough to measure significant changes.
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Cara/microbiología , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Higiene , Tracoma/prevención & control , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiología , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Desinfección de las Manos , Humanos , Malaui/epidemiología , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Instituciones Académicas , Tanzanía/epidemiología , Tracoma/epidemiología , Uganda/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Shellfish, including the key species the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, living and feeding in waters contaminated by infectious agents can accumulate them within their tissues. It is unknown if microbial pathogens and microparasites can subsequently be transmitted via concomitant predation to their consumers, including shorebirds. The objective of this study was to assess if pathogens associated with C. edule could be detected seasonally in the faeces of shorebirds that feed on C. edule and in the physical environment (sediment) in which C. edule reside, along the Irish and Celtic Seas. Two potentially pathogenic global groups, Vibrio and Haplosporidia, were detected in C. edule. Although Haplosporidia were not detected in the bird faeces nor in the sediment, identical strains of Vibrio splendidus were detected in C. edule and bird faecal samples at sites where the oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus and other waders were observed to be feeding on cockles. Vibrio spp. prevalence was seasonal and increased in C. edule and bird faecal samples during the warmer months, possibly due to higher seawater temperatures that promote the replication of this bacteria. The sediment samples showed an overall higher prevalence of Vibrio spp. than the bird faecal and C. edule samples, and its detection remained consistently high through the sites and throughout the seasons, which further supports the role of the sediment as a Vibrio reservoir. Our findings shed light on the fact that not all pathogen groups are transmitted from prey to predator via feeding but bacteria such as V. splendidus can be. As most of the wading birds observed in this study are migratory, the results also indicate the potential for this bacterium to be dispersed over greater geographic distances, which will have consequences for areas where it may be introduced.
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Aves/microbiología , Cardiidae/microbiología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Biodiversidad , Ecosistema , Cara/microbiología , Sedimentos Geológicos , Modelos Teóricos , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The human health status can be assessed by the means of research and analysis of the human microbiome. Acne is a common skin disease whose morbidity increases year by year. The lipids which influence acne to a large extent are studied by metagenomic methods in recent years. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to analyze metagenomic sequencing data of acne, i.e., all kinds of lipids in the face skin. Firstly, lipids data of the diseased skin (DS) samples and the healthy skin (HS) samples of acne patients and the normal control (NC) samples of healthy person are, respectively, analyzed by using principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). Then, the lipids which have main influence on each kind of sample are obtained. In addition, a multiset canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) is utilized to get lipids which can differentiate the face skins of the above three samples. The experimental results show the machine learning methods can effectively analyze metagenomic sequencing data of acne. According to the results, lipids which only influence one of the three samples or the lipids which simultaneously have different degree of influence on these three samples can be used as indicators to judge skin statuses.
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Acné Vulgar/genética , Acné Vulgar/microbiología , Aprendizaje Automático , Metagenoma , Acné Vulgar/metabolismo , Análisis de Correlación Canónica , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Biología Computacional , Cara/microbiología , Humanos , Lípidos/análisis , Lípidos/genética , Metagenómica/estadística & datos numéricos , Microbiota/genética , Análisis de Componente Principal , Piel/química , Piel/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Skin is an essential outer barrier and supports the growth of commensal microorganisms that protects a host from the offense of foreign toxic organisms. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based applications, skin microbiome research for facial health care has reached industry growth, such as therapy and cosmetic product development. Despite the acceleration of skin microbiome research, experimental standardization protocol has not yet been established in the facial site and method of sampling. OBJECTIVE: Thus, we aimed to investigate the differences in microbial composition at each facial site (cheek, mouth, forehead, and entire face) using comprehensive microbiome analysis. METHODS: Twelve specimens from three men (four specimens per one person) were collected. The hypervariable regions (V3-V4) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were targeted for 16S amplicon library construction and classification of bacterial taxonomy. Skin microbial composition for all specimens was investigated, and the differences site-by-site in skin microbial composition were analyzed and evaluated by the various statistical tests. RESULTS: We were able to validate the independent correlation between the skin microbiome composition and the facial sites. The cheek site showed the highest alpha-diversity in richness and evenness scores compared to the forehead and mouth. The cheek and mouth sites showed a positive correlation (R2 value > 0.93) with the entire face, while the forehead sites were negatively correlated (R2 value < 0.2). Given the relative abundance based on statistical correlation analysis, we estimated that the cheek site could be considered an optimal topical site to replace the entire face. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that skin microbiome profiling of four facial sites confirms that the cheek shows the most similar skin flora with the entire face. This study would be informative for preventing bias caused by sampling methods before researching and understanding skin cosmetics development or skin diseases.
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Cara/microbiología , Microbiota , Piel/microbiología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Especificidad de ÓrganosRESUMEN
Daily use of cosmetics is known to affect the skin microbiome. This study aimed to determine the bacterial community structure and skin biophysical parameters following the daily application of a skincare product on the face. Twenty-five Korean women, who used the same skincare product for four weeks participated in the study. During this period, skin hydration, texture, sebum content, and pH were measured, and skin swab samples were collected on the cheeks. The microbiota was analyzed using the MiSeq system. Through these experiments, bacterial diversity in facial skin increased and the microbial community changed after four weeks of skincare product application. The relative abundance of Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus increased, significant changes in specific bacterial modules of the skin microbial network were observed, and skin hydration and texture improved. It was suggested that daily use of skincare products could affect the microbial structure of facial skin as well as the biophysical properties of the facial skin. These findings expand our understanding of the role of skincare products on the skin environment.
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Mejilla/microbiología , Cosméticos/farmacología , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/microbiología , Adulto , Biodiversidad , Cara/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , ARN Ribosómico 16SRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Having a clean face is protective against trachoma. In the past, long distances to water were associated with unclean faces and increased trachoma. Other environmental factors have not been extensively explored. We need improved clarity on the environmental factors associated with facial cleanliness and trachoma prevalence, especially when the disease burden is low. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: A cross-sectional survey focusing on household environments was conducted in all 92 villages in Kongwa, Tanzania, in a random selection of 1798 households. Children aged 0-5 years in these households were examined for facial cleanliness. In each of the 50 randomly-selected villages, 50 children aged 1-9 years were randomly selected and examined for trachoma. In a multivariate model adjusting for child age, we found that children were more likely to have clean faces if the house had a clean yard (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.37-1.91), an improved latrine (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22), and greater water storage capacity (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04), and if there were clothes washed and drying around the house (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54). However, measures of crowding, wealth, time spent on obtaining water, or the availability of piped water was not associated with clean faces. Using a cleanliness index (clean yard, improved latrine, washing clothes, ≥1 child in the household having a clean face), the community prevalence of trachoma decreased with an increase in the average value of the index (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.17-4.80). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Access to water is no longer a significant limiting factor in children's facial cleanliness in Kongwa. Instead, water storage capacity and the way that water is utilized are more important in facial cleanliness. A household cleanliness index with a holistic measure of household environment is associated with reduced community prevalence of trachoma.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Higiene , Tracoma/epidemiología , Tracoma/psicología , Niño , Preescolar , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Ambiente , Cara/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Tanzanía/epidemiología , Tracoma/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen mainly transmitted by psittacine birds and poultry. The low shedding rate of the pathogen in the apparently healthy birds and human clinical cases may result in false-negative results. In the present study, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was developed and compared with optimized quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of C. psittaci from the clinical samples. The ddPCR assay was found to be comparatively more sensitive than the qPCR, wherein the limit of detection (LOD) of ddPCR was upto 2.4 copies of the DNA template, whereas, the qPCR could detect upto 38 copies of the DNA template in the reaction mixture. Overall, the developed ddPCR assay was found to be robust, specific, and could reliably quantify up to 17.8 copies of the DNA template. Finally, the applicability of the developed ddPCR assay was tested by screening the field samples (n = 124), comprising lung tissues from dead poultry and feral birds; pooled faecal samples from the free-living birds, commercial and backyard poultry farms; pharyngeal and cloacal swabs collected from the duck farms. Of these, a total of seven samples were found to be positive by the ddPCR, whereas, three samples could be detected as positive using the qPCR. The developed ddPCR could serve as a reliable screening tool, particularly in those clinical samples wherein the shedding of C. psittaci is substantially very low.
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Chlamydophila psittaci/genética , Chlamydophila psittaci/aislamiento & purificación , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Animales , Aves/microbiología , Chlamydophila psittaci/clasificación , ADN Bacteriano , Cara/microbiología , Humanos , Psitacosis/diagnóstico , Psitacosis/microbiología , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The interest in skin microbiome differences by ethnicity, age, and gender is increasing. Compared to other ethnic groups, studies on the skin microbiome of Koreans remains insufficient; we investigated facial skin microbiome characteristics according to gender and age among Koreans. Fifty-one healthy participants were recruited, the facial skin characteristics of each donor were investigated, their skin bacterial DNA was isolated and metagenomic analysis was performed. The donors were divided into two groups for age and sex each to analyze their skin microbiomes. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the skin microbiome and clinical characteristics. The alpha diversity of the skin microbiome was significantly higher in the elderly, and beta diversity was significantly different according to age. The comparative skin microbials showed that the genus Lawsonella was more abundant in the younger age group, and Enhydrobacter was predominant in the older age group. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were more abundant in males, while Lactobacillus was more abundant in females. Lawsonella had a negative correlation with skin moisture and brown spots. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium both had negative correlations with the number of UV spots and positive correlations with transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus had a negative correlation with skin moisture parameters.
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Bacterias/clasificación , Cara/microbiología , Voluntarios Sanos , Piel/microbiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , Bacterias/genética , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metagenómica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida Insensible de Agua , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Conidiobolomycosis is a rare tropical rhinofacial fungal infection which has not been well characterised. The available evidence in its management is sparse due to lack of clinical studies and the limited data on antifungal susceptibility patterns. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical manifestations, antifungal treatment and outcomes of patients with conidiobolomycosis and to determine antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates. PATIENTS/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data of all patients with a diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis confirmed by histopathology and culture at a tertiary care hospital from 2012 to 2019 was done. RESULTS: There were 22 patients, 21 males and one female, with a mean age of 37.1 years. Most common presenting symptom was nasal obstruction, found in 20 (90.90%) patients. Patients who presented within 12 months had a better cure rate (85%) compared to those who presented late (67%). Among the 19 patients who had a follow-up, good outcome was seen in 15 of the 17 (88.24%) patients who were on itraconazole or potassium iodide containing regimen. Of the six patients who received additional trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), 67% showed good outcome with two patients showing complete cure and two patients still on treatment with significant improvement. High minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were noted for azoles and amphotericin B, whereas co-trimoxazole showed lowest MIC ranges. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole and potassium iodide are reasonable first-line options for the treatment of conidiobolomycosis. Good clinical response to KI and comparatively lower MIC of co-trimoxazole are promising. Further studies are required for developing clinical breakpoints that can predict therapeutic outcomes.
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Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Conidiobolus/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Raras/microbiología , Cigomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Cigomicosis/microbiología , Adulto , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Cara/microbiología , Cara/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Nasales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Nasales/microbiología , Enfermedades Raras/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Ascomicetos/patogenicidad , Cara/microbiología , Micosis/microbiología , Piel/microbiología , Administración Tópica , Adulto , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Ascomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/patología , Suiza , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
X-linked hyper IgM (X-HIGM) syndrome is a combined immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40LG gene, leading to a defect in immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching recombination and effector T-cell responses. X-HIGM patients usually present in early life with pyogenic bacterial and opportunistic infections. Herein, we report a previously healthy 13-year-old Thai boy who first presented with cutaneous and meningoencephalitis cryptococcosis. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that he was hemizygous for a missense c.514T>C (p.Tyr172His) in CD40LG, confirming a diagnosis of X-HIGM. This report demonstrates that X-HIGM could have an age of onset in teens and systemic cryptococcosis could be its presenting symptoms.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM , Meningitis Criptocócica , Adolescente , Ligando de CD40/genética , Dermatomicosis , Cara/microbiología , Cara/patología , Humanos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM/genética , Masculino , Mutación/genética , Infecciones Oportunistas , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The human skin microbiome is highly personalized, depending on, for example, body site, age, gender, and lifestyle factors. The temporal stability of an individual's skin microbiome-its resiliency and robustness over months and years-is also a personalized feature of the microbiome. The authors measured the temporal stability of the facial skin microbiome in a large cohort of subjects. In addition to measuring microbiome dynamics, they tracked facial skin condition using noninvasive, objective imaging and biophysical measures to identify significant facial features associated with temporal changes in microbiome diversity and composition. METHODS: The authors used 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to track cheek and forehead skin microbiome diversity and composition annually over a 2-year period (2017-2019) in 115 healthy adult men and women. Skin metadata included facial features, such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, porphyrins, and skin color tone, as well as biophysical parameters for stratum corneum barrier function, pH, hydration, and elasticity. RESULTS: Across the subject population, the facial skin microbiome composition and diversity were relatively stable, showing minor variation over the 2-year period. However, for some subjects, composition, diversity, and relative abundance of specific organisms showed substantial changes from one year to the next, and these changes were associated with changes in stratum corneum barrier function and follicular porphyrins. CONCLUSIONS: For healthy people, facial skin microbiome diversity and composition are relatively stable from year to year. Tracking the temporal changes in the microbiome along with skin phenotypic changes allows for a deeper understanding of the skin microbiome's role in health and disease. These results should be helpful in the design of longer-term intervention trials with microbiome-based skin care treatments.
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Cara/microbiología , Microbiota/fisiología , Envejecimiento de la Piel/fisiología , Piel/microbiología , Adulto , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Cara/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization-recommended strategy for trachoma elimination as a public health problem is known by the acronym "SAFE", where "F" stands for facial cleanliness to reduce transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Accurately and reliably measuring facial cleanliness is problematic. Various indicators for measuring an unclean face exist, however, the accuracy and reliability of these indicators is questionable and their relationship to face washing practices is poorly described. METHODS: Clean face indicator (ocular or nasal discharge, flies on the face, and dirt on the face), trachoma clinical sign, and ocular C. trachomatis infection data were collected for 1613 children aged 0-9 years in 12 Senegalese villages as part of a cross-sectional trachoma prevalence study. Time of examination was recorded to the nearest half hour. A risk factor questionnaire containing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) questions was administered to heads of compounds (households that shared a common doorway) and households (those who shared a common cooking pot). RESULTS: WASH access and use were high, with 1457/1613 (90.3%) children living in households with access to a primary water source within 30 min. Despite it being reported that 1610/1613 (99.8%) children had their face washed at awakening, > 75% (37/47) of children had at least one unclean face indicator at the first examination time-slot of the day. The proportion of children with facial cleanliness indicators differed depending on the time the child was examined. Dirt on the face was more common, and ocular discharge less common, in children examined after 11:00 h than in children examined at 10:30 h and 11:00 h. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high reported WASH access and use, the proportion of children with an unclean face indicator should have been low at the beginning of the day. This was not observed, explained either by: the facial indicators not being reliable measures of face washing; eye discharge, nose discharge or dirt rapidly re-accumulated after face washing in children in this population at the time of fieldwork; and/or responder bias to the risk factor questionnaire. A high proportion of children had unclean face indicators throughout the day, with certain indicators varying by time of day. A reliable, standardised, practical measure of face washing is needed, that reflects hygiene behaviour rather than environmental or cultural factors.
Asunto(s)
Cara/microbiología , Saneamiento , Cuidados de la Piel , Tracoma/prevención & control , Niño , Preescolar , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Higiene , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Población Rural , Saneamiento/métodos , Saneamiento/normas , Senegal , Cuidados de la Piel/métodos , Cuidados de la Piel/normas , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Blastomicosis/complicaciones , Cromoblastomicosis/complicaciones , Trastornos de Deglución/microbiología , Debilidad Muscular/microbiología , Blastomicosis/microbiología , Cromoblastomicosis/microbiología , Cara/microbiología , Mano/microbiología , Humanos , Pierna/microbiología , Masculino , Ilustración Médica , Persona de Mediana Edad , TennesseeRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) are a major issue in intensive care. The intestinal and oropharyngeal microbiota being the reservoir of MDR-GNB. Our main objective was to assess the link between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the tracheal and intestinal colonization by MDR-GNB, and also by Enterococcus spp. and yeasts. METHODS: We performed a 2-month prospective, monocentric cohort study in the medical intensive care unit of our hospital. Patients ventilated >3 days and spontaneously passing feces were included. A fecal sample and an endotracheal aspiration (EA) were collected twice a week. MDR-GNB but also Enterococcus faecium and yeasts (as potential dysbiosis surrogate markers) were detected by culture methods. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed by 16S profiling. RESULTS: We collected 62 couples of feces and EA from 31 patients, including 18 feces and 9 EA positive for MDR-GNB. Forty-eight fecal samples were considered for 16S profiling. We did not observe a link between the diversity and the richness of the intestinal microbiota and the MDR-GNB intestinal relative abundance (RA). Conversely, we observed a negative link between the intestinal diversity and richness and the RA of Enterococcus spp. (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The fecal MDR-GNB RA was not associated to the diversity nor the richness of the intestinal microbiota, but that of Enterococcus spp. was.
Asunto(s)
Enterococcus faecium/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Intestinos/microbiología , Tráquea/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Cuidados Críticos , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Cara/microbiología , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Levaduras/genética , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The impact of wearing a mask on face-touching behavior is unknown. We conducted a survey of pediatric hematology/oncology staff to assess the perception of how masks would affect face-touching behavior and a brief observational study of providers during conferences in a children's hospital to quantify how masks affect face-touching behavior. Most felt that the mask would either increase (37.4%) or decrease (36.6%) their face-touching behavior. During a total of 330 person-minutes of observation, median face-touching rate was 5.4 face touches/hour (FT/h) while wearing a mask and 20 FT/h without a mask. Masks may reduce face-touching behavior amongst health care professionals.