Exome sequencing identifies novel genes underlying primary congenital glaucoma in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

BACKGROUND: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) affects approximately 1 in 10,000 live born infants in the United States (U.S.). PCG has a autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and variable expressivity and reduced penetrance have been reported. Likely causal variants in the most commonly mutated gene, CYP1B1, are less prevalent in the U.S., suggesting that alternative genes may contribute to the condition. This study utilized exome sequencing to investigate the genetic architecture of PCG in the U.S. and to identify novel genes and variants. METHODS: We studied 37 family trios where infants had PCG and were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (births 1997-2011), a U.S. multicenter study of birth defects. Samples underwent exome sequencing and sequence reads were aligned to the human reference sample (NCBI build 37/hg19). Variant filtration was conducted under de novo and Mendelian inheritance models using GEMINI. RESULTS: Among candidate variants, CYP1B1 was most represented (five trios, 13.5%). Twelve probands (32%) had potentially pathogenic variants in other genes not previously linked to PCG but important in eye development and/or to underlie Mendelian conditions with potential phenotypic overlap (e.g., CRYBB2, RXRA, GLI2). CONCLUSION: Variation in the genes identified in this population-based study may help to further explain the genetics of PCG.

Modulation of Angiotensin II-Induced Cellular Hypertrophy by Cannflavin-C: Unveiling the Impact on Cytochrome P450 1B1 and Arachidonic Acid Metabolites.

This research aimed to clarify the impacts of cannflavin-C on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and their potential role in modulating cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. Currently there is no evidence to suggest that cannflavin-C, a prenylated flavonoid, has any significant effects on the heart or cardiac hypertrophy. The metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) into midchain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), facilitated by CYP1B1 enzyme, plays a role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which is marked by enlarged cardiac cells. Adult human ventricular cardiomyocyte (AC16) cell line was cultured and exposed to cannflavin-C in the presence and absence of Ang II. The assessment of mRNA expression pertaining to cardiac hypertrophic markers and cytochromes P450 (P450s) was conducted via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas the quantification of P450 protein levels was carried out through western blot analysis. Ang II induced hypertrophic markers myosin heavy chain (ß/α-MHC), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and increased cell surface area, whereas cannflavin-C mitigated these effects. Gene and protein expression analysis revealed that cannflavin-C downregulated CYP1B1 gene expression, protein level, and enzyme activity assessed by 7-methoxyresorufin O-deethylase (MROD). Arachidonic acid metabolites analysis, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), demonstrated that Ang II increased midchain (R/S)-HETE concentrations, which were attenuated by cannflavin-C. This study provides novel insights into the potential of cannflavin-C in modulating arachidonic acid metabolites and attenuating Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of this compound as potential therapeutic agents for cardiac hypertrophy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that cannflavin-C offers protection against cellular hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. The significance of this research lies in its novel discovery, which elucidates a mechanistic pathway involving the inhibition of CYP1B1 by cannflavin-C. This discovery opens up new avenues for leveraging this compound in the treatment of heart failure.

Analysis of CYP1B1 Polymorphisms in Lung Cancer Patients Using Novel, Quick and Easy Methods Based on CAPS and ACRS-PCR Techniques.

Within the sequence of the CYP1B1 gene, more than 50 polymorphisms, resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been described. Some of them play an important role as specific genetic markers in the process of carcinogenesis and for therapeutic purposes. In this publication, we present methods we have developed that enable the specific and unambiguous identification of four polymorphisms that result in amino acid changes: c. 142C > G, c. 355G > T, c. 1294C > G, and c. 1358A > G. Our studies are based on cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPSs) and artificially created restriction site (ACRS) PCR techniques; therefore, they require only basic laboratory equipment and low financial outlays. Utilizing the described methods allows for the reduction of research time and cost, and the minimization of errors. Their effectiveness and efficiency depend on the careful design of appropriate primers and the precise selection of suitable restriction enzymes. As a result, further confirmation by sequencing is not necessary. Using the developed method, we examined 63 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and observed a 1.5 to 2.1 times higher frequency of the analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the frequency in the European population.

Cytochrome P450 1B1 is critical in the development of TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS-induced cellular hypertrophy.

Heart failure (HF) is preceded by cellular hypertrophy (CeH) which alters expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Inflammation is involved in CeH pathophysiology, but mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the impacts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the development of CeH and the role of CYP1B1. AC16 cells were treated with TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS in the presence and absence of CYP1B1-siRNA or resveratrol. mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP1B1 and hypertrophic markers were determined using PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. CYP1B1 enzyme activity was determined, and AA metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our results show that TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS induce expression of hypertrophic markers, induce CYP1B1 expression, and enantioselectively modulate CYP1B1-mediated AA metabolism in favor of mid-chain HETEs. CYP1B1-siRNA or resveratrol ameliorated these effects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the crucial role of CYP1B1 in TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS-induced CeH.

Increasing the diagnostic yield of childhood glaucoma cases recruited into the 100,000 Genomes Project.

Childhood glaucoma (CG) encompasses a heterogeneous group of genetic eye disorders that is responsible for approximately 5% of childhood blindness worldwide. Understanding the molecular aetiology is key to improving diagnosis, prognosis and unlocking the potential for optimising clinical management. In this study, we investigated 86 CG cases from 78 unrelated families of diverse ethnic backgrounds, recruited into the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project (GE100KGP) rare disease cohort, to improve the genetic diagnostic yield. Using the Genomics England/Genomic Medicine Centres (GE/GMC) diagnostic pipeline, 13 unrelated families were solved (13/78, 17%). Further interrogation using an expanded gene panel yielded a molecular diagnosis in 7 more unrelated families (7/78, 9%). This analysis effectively raises the total number of solved CG families in the GE100KGP to 26% (20/78 families). Twenty-five percent (5/20) of the solved families had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), while 75% (15/20) had secondary CG; 53% of this group had non-acquired ocular anomalies (including iris hypoplasia, megalocornea, ectopia pupillae, retinal dystrophy, and refractive errors) and 47% had non-acquired systemic diseases such as cardiac abnormalities, hearing impairment, and developmental delay. CYP1B1 was the most frequently implicated gene, accounting for 55% (11/20) of the solved families. We identified two novel likely pathogenic variants in the TEK gene, in addition to one novel pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) in FOXC1. Variants that passed undetected in the GE100KGP diagnostic pipeline were likely due to limitations of the tiering process, the use of smaller gene panels during analysis, and the prioritisation of coding SNVs and indels over larger structural variants, CNVs, and non-coding variants.

Gene-Environment Interaction Between CYP1B1 and Oral Contraception on Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

Importance: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an increasingly prevalent form of follicular lichen planus, causing irreversible hair loss predominantly in postmenopausal individuals. An earlier genome-wide meta-analysis of female FFA identified risk loci in genes implicated in self-antigen presentation and T-cell homeostasis, including HLA-B*07:02, ST3GAL1, and SEMA4B. However, CYP1B1, which is important for hormone metabolism, was also implicated with the substitution of serine for asparagine at position 453 (c.1358A>G, p.Asn453Ser) exhibiting a protective effect against FFA. Increasing understanding of genetic and environmental variables and their interactions will improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and has the potential to inform risk mitigation strategies. Objective: To investigate whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use modulates the protective effect of the common missense variant in CYP1B1 (c.1358A>G, p.Asn453Ser) on FFA risk. Design, Setting, and Participants: This gene-environment interaction study using a case-control design enrolled female patients with FFA from UK-based dermatology clinics. The patients were matched with unrelated age- and ancestry-matched female control individuals derived from UK Biobank in a 1:66 ratio, determined by the first 4 principal components from genome-wide genotypes. Data were collected from July 2015 to September 2017, and analyzed from October 2022 to December 2023. Main Outcome and Measure: The main outcomes were the modulatory effect of OCP use on the contribution of the CYP1B1 missense variant to female FFA risk and a formal gene-environment interaction test evaluated by a logistic regression model with a multiplicative interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model. Results: Of the 489 female patients with FFA, the mean (SD) age was 65.8 (9.7) years, and 370 (75.7%) had a history of OCP use. Of the 34 254 age- and ancestry-matched control individuals, the mean (SD) age was 65.0 (8.4) years, and previous OCP use was reported in 31 177 (91.0%). An association between female FFA and the CYP1B1 risk allele was observed in individuals who reported OCP use (odds ratio, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.50-2.40]; P = 8.41 × 10-8) but not in those with no documented exposure to OCPs (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.82-1.64]; P = .39). A full gene-environment interaction model demonstrated a significant additive statistical interaction between c.1358A, p.453Asn, and history of OCP use on FFA risk (OR for interaction, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.07-2.46]; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance: This gene-environment interaction analysis suggests that the protective effect of the CYP1B1 missense variant on FFA risk might be mediated by exposure to OCPs. The allele that encodes an asparagine at position 453 of CYP1B1 was associated with increased odds of FFA only in participants with OCP history.

Exposure of cinnamyl alcohol in co-culture of BEAS-2B and dendritic cells: Interaction between CYP450 and cytokines.

The prevalence of fragrances in various hygiene products contributes to their sensorial allure. However, fragrances can induce sensitization in the skin or respiratory system, and the mechanisms involved in this process are incompletely understood. This study investigated the intricate mechanisms underlying the fragrance's effects on sensitization response, focusing on the interplay between CYP450 enzymes, a class of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we assessed the expression of CYP450 enzymes and cytokine profiles in culture of BEAS-2B and mature dendritic cells (mDC) alone or in co-culture stimulated with 2 mM of a common fragrance, cinnamyl alcohol (CA) for 20 h. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, and CYP2A13 were analyzed by RT-PCR and IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Through RT-PCR analysis, we observed that CA increased CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 expression in BEAS-2B, with a further increased in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. Additionally, exposure to CA increased IL-12p70 levels in mDC rather than in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. In regards to IL-18, level was higher in BEAS-2B than in BEAS-2B-mDC co-culture. A positive correlation between the levels of IL-10 and CYP1B1 was found in mDC-CA-exposed and between IL-12p70 and CYP1A1 was found in BEAS-2B after CA exposure. However, IL-12p70 and CYP1A2 as well as IL-18, IL-33, and CYP1A1 levels were negative, correlated mainly in co-culture control. These correlations highlight potential immunomodulatory interactions and complex regulatory relationships. Overall, exposure to CA enhances CYP450 expression, suggesting that CA can influence immune responses by degrading ligands on xenosensitive transcription factors.

A tryptophan-derived uremic metabolite/Ahr/Pdk4 axis governs skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes accumulation of uremic metabolites that negatively affect skeletal muscle. Tryptophan-derived uremic metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which has been shown to be activated in CKD. This study investigated the role of the AHR in skeletal muscle pathology of CKD. Compared with controls with normal kidney function, AHR-dependent gene expression (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) was significantly upregulated in skeletal muscle of patients with CKD, and the magnitude of AHR activation was inversely correlated with mitochondrial respiration. In mice with CKD, muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was markedly impaired and strongly correlated with the serum level of tryptophan-derived uremic metabolites and AHR activation. Muscle-specific deletion of the AHR substantially improved mitochondrial OXPHOS in male mice with the greatest uremic toxicity (CKD + probenecid) and abolished the relationship between uremic metabolites and OXPHOS. The uremic metabolite/AHR/mitochondrial axis in skeletal muscle was verified using muscle-specific AHR knockdown in C57BL/6J mice harboring a high-affinity AHR allele, as well as ectopic viral expression of constitutively active mutant AHR in mice with normal renal function. Notably, OXPHOS changes in AHRmKO mice were present only when mitochondria were fueled by carbohydrates. Further analyses revealed that AHR activation in mice led to significantly increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) expression and phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme. These findings establish a uremic metabolite/AHR/Pdk4 axis in skeletal muscle that governs mitochondrial deficits in carbohydrate oxidation during CKD.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 genes and their association with gastrointestinal cancer: A hospital-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) comprises a group of phase-I metabolizing enzymes that are important in xenobiotics metabolism. Genetic polymorphism of CYPs has been comprehensively studied for their association with a range of diseases. In this study, we assessed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2B, and CYP2C and their role in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer susceptibility in the rural population of Maharashtra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study, the association of polymorphism of CYP genes was studied by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The study subjects included 200 clinically confirmed GI cancer patients and equal number of healthy controls. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value were evaluated to find out the level of association, where P ≤ 0.005 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: After the analysis of CYP1A1*2A (rs4646903), CYP1B1*3 (rs1059836), CYP2B6*5 (rs3211371), CYP2C8*2 (rs11572103), CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853), and CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910), we noticed that variant (T) allele of CYP2B6*5 possessed significantly elevated risk (OR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.20-8.90; P < 0.0001) of GI cancer in studied population. The genotypic distribution of G/C heterozygote allele of CYP1B1*3 (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.12-0.32; P < 0.0001) and homozygous variant C/C allele (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.13-0.45; P < 0.0001) showed a negative association with the development of GI cancer. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study supported that polymorphism of CYP2B6*5gene may be involved in the development of GI cancer. However, other SNPs of CYP1A, CYP1B, and CYP2C genes did not signify the risk for GI cancer in the studied population of rural Maharashtra.

Emissions from plastic incineration induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired bioenergetics in primary human respiratory epithelial cells.

Inhalation exposure to plastic incineration emissions (PIEs) is a problem of increasing human relevance, as plastic production and waste creation have drastically increased since mainstream integration during the 20th century. We investigated the effects of PIEs on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) to understand if such exposures cause damage and dysfunction to respiratory epithelia. Primary HNECs from male and female donors were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI), and 16HBE cells were cultured on coverslips. Smoke condensates were generated from incineration of plastic at flaming (640°C) and smoldering (500°C) temperatures, and cells were subsequently exposed to these materials at 5-50 µg/cm2 concentrations. HNECs were assessed for mitochondrial dysfunction and 16HBE cells for glutathione oxidation in real-time analyses. HNEC culture supernatants and total RNA were collected at 4-h postexposure for cytokine and gene expression analysis, and results show that PIEs can acutely induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HNECs, and that incineration temperature modifies biological responses. Specifically, condensates from flaming and smoldering PIEs significantly increased HNEC secretion of cytokines IL-8, IL-1ß, and IL-13, as well as expression of xenobiotic metabolism pathways and genes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 at 5 and 20 µg/cm2 concentrations. Only 50 µg/cm2 flaming PIEs significantly increased glutathione oxidation in 16HBEs, and decreased respiration and ATP production in HNEC mitochondria. Impact Statement: Our data reveal the impact of incineration temperatures on biological outcomes associated with PIE exposures, emphasizing the importance of temperature as a factor when evaluating respiratory disease associated with PIEs exposure.

Regulation of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through CYP1B1-Induced mTOR-Mediated Lipophagy.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is caused by lipid accumulation within the liver. The pathogenesis underlying its development is poorly understood. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a group 1 carcinogen. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by B[a]P induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, contributing to hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism through which the B[a]P-mediated induction of CYP enzymes causes hepatic lipid accumulation is unknown. This research was conducted to elucidate the role of CYP1B1 in regulating B[a]P-induced lipid accumulation within hepatocytes. B[a]P increased hepatic lipid accumulation, which was mitigated by CYP1B1 knockdown. An increase in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by B[a]P was specifically reduced by CYP1B1 knockdown. The reduction of mTOR increased the expression of autophagic flux-related genes and promoted phagolysosome formation. Both the expression and translocation of TFE3, a central regulator of lipophagy, were induced, along with the expression of lipophagy-related genes. Conversely, enhanced mTOR activity reduced TFE3 expression and translocation, which reduced the expression of lipophagy-related genes, diminished phagolysosome production, and increased lipid accumulation. Our results indicate that B[a]P-induced hepatic lipid accumulation is caused by CYP1B1-induced mTOR and the reduction of lipophagy, thereby introducing novel targets and mechanisms to provide insights for understanding B[a]P-induced MASLD.

Differential Effect of ITE on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer Tissue: A Histopathological Study / Efecto Diferencial de ITE en la Señalización del Receptor de Hidrocarburo de Arilo en Tejido de Cáncer de Mama: Un Estudio Histopatológico

SUMMARY: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is highly expressed in various types of cancers including breast cancer. However, the role of AhR with its endogenous ligand 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) on the progression of breast cancer remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate cell proliferation and migration states in breast cancer after activating AhR with the endogenous ligand ITE. Breast cancer tissue was evaluated by cell lines, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation, flow cytometry, migration assays and western blot techniques. We found that AhR was widely expressed in breast cancer tissues and metastasis lymph node tissues, but not in normal tissues. The expression AhR was independent between the age, grades and TNM classifications for breast cancer tissues. ITE treatment significantly induced the activation of AhR in a time-dependent manner in both MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, ITE did not affect the cell migration but significantly suppressed the cell proliferation in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 andT47D cells, which probably attribute to the induction of cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and shortened S phase. Further mechanism study showed that ERK1/2 and AKT signaling were required for the activation of AhR in MCF-7 cells. These data suggest that AhR is a potential new target for treating patients with breast cancer. ITE may be more potentially used for therapeutic intervention for breast cancer with the kind of ER(+).

El receptor de hidrocarburo de arilo (AhR) es un factor de transcripción activado por ligando que se expresa en gran medida en varios tipos de cáncer, incluido el cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, el papel de AhR con su ligando endógeno 2- (1'H-indol-3'-carbonil)-tiazol-4-ácido carboxílico metil éster (ITE) en la progresión del cáncer de mama sigue siendo poco conocido. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la proliferación celular y los estados de migración en el cáncer de mama después de activar AhR con el ligando endógeno ITE. El tejido de cáncer de mama se evaluó mediante líneas celulares, inmunohistoquímica, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa, proliferación celular, citometría de flujo, ensayos de migración y técnicas de transferencia Western. Descubrimos que AhR se expresó ampliamente en tejidos de cáncer de mama y en linfonodos con metástasis, pero no en tejidos normales. La expresión AhR fue independiente entre la edad, grados y clasificaciones TNM para tejidos de cáncer de mama. El tratamiento con ITE indujo significativamente la activación de AhR de manera dependiente del tiempo en las líneas celulares de cancer de mama MCF-7 y T47D. Mientras tanto, ITE no afectó la migración celular, pero suprimió significativamente la proliferación celular en células MCF-7 y T47D con receptor de estrógeno positivo (ER+), lo que probablemente se atribuye a la inducción de la detención del ciclo celular en la fase G1 y la fase S acortada. Un estudio adicional del mecanismo mostró que las señales de ERK1/2 y AKT eran necesarias para la activación de AhR en las células MCF-7. Estos datos sugieren que AhR es un nuevo objetivo potencial para el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de mama. ITE puede ser utilizado más potencialmente en la intervención terapéutica para el cáncer de mama con el tipo de ER (+).

CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic variants and breast cancer risk in Mexican women / Variantes genéticas de CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 y GSTT1, y riesgo de cáncer mamario en mujeres mexicanas

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate if variants in the genes CYP1A1 (T3801C and A4889G), CYP1B1 (G119T), GSTM1 (indel) and GSTT1 (indel) are associated with breast cancer (BC) among Mexican women. Materials and methods: 952 incident cases with histologically confirmed BC were matched by age (± 5 years) and zone of residence with 998 healthy population controls. Genetic variants in genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 and GSTT1were genotyped by allelic discrimination and multiplex PCR. In a subsample of women, 105 markers for ancestry were determined. Results: An increased BC risk, independent of other BC risk factors, was observed among carriers of CYP1B1 G119T genotype (T/T vs. G/G: OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.4-2.5). Conclusion: Our results support the existence of genetic susceptibility for BC conferred by CYP1B1 G119T variant among Mexican women.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar si las variantes en los genes CYP1A1 (T3801C y A4889G), CYP1B1 (G119T), GSTM1 (indel) yGSTT1 (indel), se asocian con el cáncer de mama (CM) en mujeres mexicanas. Material y métodos: Se parearon por edad (± 5 años) y zona de residencia 952 casos incidentes de CM histológicamente confirmado con 998 controles sanos poblacionales. Se genotipificaron variantes en los genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 y GSTT1 por discriminación alélica y PCR multiplex. En una submuestra de mujeres, se determinaron 105 marcadores de ancestría. Resultados: Se observó un aumento del riesgo de CM, independiente de otros factores de riesgo, entre las portadoras del genotipo CYP1B1 G119T (T/T vs. G/G: RM=1.9; 95%CI 1.4-2.5). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados soportan la existencia de susceptibilidad genética para CM conferida por la variante CYP1B1 G119T en mujeres mexicanas.