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1.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(5)2024 May 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38740443

RESUMEN

Alport syndrome and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are monogenic causes of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney failure. We present a case of a man in his 60s with progressive chronic kidney disease, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and multiple renal cysts. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous variant in COL4A3 (linked to Alport syndrome) and in the GANAB gene (associated with a milder form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease). Although each variant confers a mild risk of developing end-stage kidney disease, the patient presented a pronounced and accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease, which goes beyond what would be predicted by adding up their individual effects. This suggests a potential synergic effect of both variants, which warrants further investigation.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Nefritis Hereditaria , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/complicaciones , Nefritis Hereditaria/diagnóstico , Masculino , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/genética , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/complicaciones , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoantígenos/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fallo Renal Crónico/genética , Fallo Renal Crónico/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/genética , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico
2.
J Clin Invest ; 134(10)2024 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747292

RESUMEN

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of age-related small vessel pathologies that affect multiple regions. Disease manifestations range from lesions incidentally detected on neuroimaging (white matter hyperintensities, small deep infarcts, microbleeds, or enlarged perivascular spaces) to severe disability and cognitive impairment. cSVD accounts for approximately 25% of ischemic strokes and the vast majority of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and is also the most important vascular contributor to dementia. Despite its high prevalence and potentially long therapeutic window, there are still no mechanism-based treatments. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in this field. We summarize recent data highlighting the remarkable continuum between monogenic and multifactorial cSVDs involving NOTCH3, HTRA1, and COL4A1/A2 genes. Taking a vessel-centric view, we discuss possible cause-and-effect relationships between risk factors, structural and functional vessel changes, and disease manifestations, underscoring some major knowledge gaps. Although endothelial dysfunction is rightly considered a central feature of cSVD, the contributions of smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and other perivascular cells warrant continued investigation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales , Colágeno Tipo IV , Receptor Notch3 , Humanos , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/genética , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/patología , Receptor Notch3/genética , Receptor Notch3/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Serina Peptidasa A1 que Requiere Temperaturas Altas/genética , Serina Peptidasa A1 que Requiere Temperaturas Altas/metabolismo , Animales
3.
Genes (Basel) ; 15(5)2024 May 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38790222

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome (AS) is a common and heterogeneous genetic kidney disease, that often leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included 36 adults with type IV collagen (COL4) mutations. Our main scope was to describe how genetic features influence renal survival. RESULTS: A total of 24 different mutations were identified, of which eight had not been previously described. Mutations affecting each of the type IV collagen α chains were equally prevalent (33.3%). Most of the patients had pathogenic variants (61.1%). Most patients had a family history of kidney disease (71%). The most prevalent clinical picture was nephritic syndrome (64%). One-third of the subjects had extrarenal manifestations, 41.6% of patients had ESKD at referral, and another 8.3% developed ESKD during follow-up. The median renal survival was 42 years (95% CI, 29.98-54.01). The COL4A4 group displayed better renal survival than the COL4A3 group (p = 0.027). Patients with missense variants had higher renal survival (p = 0.023). Hearing loss was associated with lower renal survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COL4A4 variants and those with missense mutations had significantly better renal survival, whereas those with COL4A3 variants and those with hearing loss had worse prognoses.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Fallo Renal Crónico , Nefritis Hereditaria , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fallo Renal Crónico/genética , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Mutación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Autoantígenos
4.
Genes (Basel) ; 15(5)2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38790225

RESUMEN

Alport Syndrome (AS) is the most common genetic glomerular disease, and it is caused by COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 pathogenic variants. The classic phenotypic spectrum associated with AS ranges from isolated hematuria to chronic kidney disease (CKD) with extrarenal abnormalities. Atypical presentation of the disorder is possible, and it can mislead the diagnosis. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is most frequently associated with Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD) due to PKD1 and PKD2 heterozygous variants, is emerging as a possible clinical manifestation in COL4A3-A5 patients. We describe a COL4A5 novel familial frameshift variant (NM_000495.5: c.1095dup p.(Leu366ValfsTer45)), which was associated with AS and PKD in the hemizygous proband, as well as with PKD, IgA glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the heterozygous mother. Establishing the diagnosis of AS can sometimes be difficult, especially in the context of misleading family history and atypical phenotypic features. This case study supports the emerging genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in COL4A3-A5-associated disorders, as well as the recently described association between PKD and collagen type IV (Col4) defects. We highlight the importance of the accurate phenotyping of all family members and the relevance of next-generation sequencing in the differential diagnosis of hereditary kidney disease.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Nefritis Hereditaria , Linaje , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/diagnóstico , Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/genética , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/diagnóstico , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura , Fenotipo , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/genética , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/diagnóstico
5.
J Mol Histol ; 55(3): 371-378, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703340

RESUMEN

Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasm in the male population. It is not known why some tumors become more aggressive than others. Although most studies show changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix correlated with the Gleason score, no study has objectively measured the tissue content of these molecules. This study aims to measure the content and tissue expression of collagen type I and IV and laminin in the extracellular matrix of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and correlate these findings with the Gleason score and clinical characteristics. Forty-one patients who underwent radical prostate surgery at the Urology Department of a reference Hospital in Brazil between January 2015 and December 2020 were studied. The tissue protein content was estimated under light microscopy at a final magnification of 200 × . The mean collagen I score in prostate adenocarcinoma tissue samples was 7.16 ± 1.03 pixels/field. The mean type IV collagen score was 3.44 ± 0.61 pixels/field. The mean laminin score was 5.19 ± 0.79 pixels/field. The total Gleason score was correlated with both collagen and laminin. All the correlations were negative, which shows that the higher the collagen/laminin expression was, the lower the total Gleason score (p-value < 0,05). According to the Pearson correlation analysis, age has no statistical relationship with collagen and laminin content. PSA, in turn, showed a correlation only with laminin, but r = -0.378 (p = 0.015). Among the associated diseases and lifestyle habits, there is only statistical significance in the comparison of alcoholism for collagen I. For collagen IV and laminin, no statistical significance was obtained with the clinical variables analyzed.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Colágeno Tipo IV , Colágeno Tipo I , Matriz Extracelular , Laminina , Clasificación del Tumor , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Laminina/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad
6.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 65(5): 15, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38717426

RESUMEN

Purpose: Mutations in the genes encoding type IV collagen alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause a multisystem disorder that includes ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and glaucoma. We previously showed that transforming growth factor beta (TGFß) signaling was elevated in developing anterior segments from Col4a1 mutant mice and that reducing TGFß signaling ameliorated ASD, supporting a role for the TGFß pathway in disease pathogenesis. Here, we tested whether altered TGFß signaling also contributes to glaucoma-related phenotypes in Col4a1 mutant mice. Methods: To test the role of TGFß signaling in glaucoma-relevant phenotypes, we genetically reduced TGFß signaling using mice with mutated Tgfbr2, which encodes the common receptor for all TGFß ligands in Col4a1+/G1344D mice. We performed slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography for qualitative and quantitative analyses of anterior and posterior ocular segments, histological analyses of ocular tissues and optic nerves, and intraocular pressure assessments using rebound tonometry. Results: Col4a1+/G1344D mice showed defects of the ocular drainage structures, including iridocorneal adhesions, and phenotypes consistent with glaucomatous neurodegeneration, including thinning of the nerve fiber layer, retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve head excavation, and optic nerve degeneration. We found that reducing TGFß receptor 2 (TGFBR2) was protective for ASD, ameliorated ocular drainage structure defects, and protected against glaucomatous neurodegeneration in Col4a1+/G1344D mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated TGFß signaling contributes to glaucomatous neurodegeneration in Col4a1 mutant mice.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Glaucoma , Receptor Tipo II de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Animales , Ratones , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/metabolismo , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/patología , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Glaucoma/genética , Glaucoma/patología , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mutación , Nervio Óptico/patología , Nervio Óptico/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/genética , Fenotipo , Receptor Tipo II de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Receptor Tipo II de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Microscopía con Lámpara de Hendidura , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Tonometría Ocular , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo
7.
JAMA Ophthalmol ; 142(5): e235766, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38770957

RESUMEN

This case report describes a woman aged 43 years with Stickler syndrome and bilateral vitreopapillary traction who presented with shadows and ghosting of vision in both eyes.


Asunto(s)
Desprendimiento de Retina , Humanos , Masculino , Desprendimiento de Retina/diagnóstico , Desprendimiento de Retina/cirugía , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Cuerpo Vítreo/patología , Cuerpo Vítreo/diagnóstico por imagen , Vitrectomía , Femenino , Oftalmopatías/diagnóstico , Desprendimiento del Vítreo/diagnóstico
8.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 104(16): 1347-1350, 2024 Apr 23.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38644281

RESUMEN

Alport syndrome is one of the most common inherited kidney diseases caused by mutations in the type Ⅳ collagen genes. It has a complex pattern of inheritance and diverse clinical manifestations, and severe cases will rapidly progress to end-stage kidney disease. With the rapid development of genetic testing technology, there is a deeper understanding of the genetic spectrum of Alport syndrome, the effectiveness of clinical therapies, and the prediction of disease prognosis. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to introduce the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Alport syndrome, aiming to improve the early diagnosis and standardized treatment of this disease.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Mutación , Nefritis Hereditaria , Nefritis Hereditaria/terapia , Nefritis Hereditaria/diagnóstico , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Humanos , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Pruebas Genéticas , Pronóstico , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/genética , Fallo Renal Crónico/diagnóstico
9.
Anal Methods ; 16(15): 2248-2255, 2024 Apr 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38568684

RESUMEN

Herein, a magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence assay is reported to detect type IV collagen (col-IV) in serum samples. Magnetic beads (MBs) exhibit biocompatibility. Taking advantage of this property, they were conjugated with the col-IV antibody. For the determination of col-IV, the interaction of the col-IV sample, anti-(col-IV)-alkaline phosphatase (anti-(col-IV)-ALP) and anti-col-IV-magnetic beads (anti-(col-IV)-MBs) was performed to generate chemiluminescence. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method displayed good linearity in the concentration range of 20-2000 ng mL-1 with the limit of 0.79 ng mL-1. The repeatability coefficient of variation (CV) for col-IV detection ranged from 3.16% to 7.50%. The col-IV level in samples collected from a hospital was assessed by the chemiluminescence assay. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 93.30% to 100.14%. In conclusion, the magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence assay may be used as a routine and efficient tool to detect type IV collagen in clinical diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Luminiscencia , Humanos , Fibrosis , Cirrosis Hepática , Inmunoensayo/métodos
10.
Life Sci Alliance ; 7(6)2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38561223

RESUMEN

Glomerular filtration relies on the type IV collagen (ColIV) network of the glomerular basement membrane, namely, in the triple helical molecules containing the α3, α4, and α5 chains of ColIV. Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding these chains (Col4a3, Col4a4, and Col4a5) is associated with the loss of renal function observed in Alport syndrome (AS). Precise understanding of the cellular basis for the patho-mechanism remains unknown and a specific therapy for this disease does not currently exist. Here, we generated a novel allele for the conditional deletion of Col4a3 in different glomerular cell types in mice. We found that podocytes specifically generate α3 chains in the developing glomerular basement membrane, and that its absence is sufficient to impair glomerular filtration as seen in AS. Next, we show that horizontal gene transfer, enhanced by TGFß1 and using allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, rescues Col4a3 expression and revive kidney function in Col4a3-deficient AS mice. Our proof-of-concept study supports that horizontal gene transfer such as cell fusion enables cell-based therapy in Alport syndrome.


Asunto(s)
Nefritis Hereditaria , Podocitos , Ratones , Animales , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/metabolismo , Podocitos/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Membrana Basal Glomerular/metabolismo , Células Madre/metabolismo
11.
BMC Med Genomics ; 17(1): 108, 2024 Apr 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38671472

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome (AS) is characterised by haematuria, proteinuria, a gradual decline in kidney function, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. The disease is caused by mutations in COL4An (n = 3, 4, 5) that encodes 3-5 chains of type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane. AS has three genetic models: X-linked, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant. The most common type of AS is X-linked AS, which is caused by COL4A5. METHODS: We enrolled children with renal insufficiency and a family history of kidney disorders. The proband was identified using whole-exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the mutation site. Minigene technology was used to analyse the influence of mutant genes on pre-mRNA shearing, and the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) server was used to analyse the protein structure changes. RESULTS: The proband, together with her mother and younger brother, displayed microscopic haematuria and proteinuria, Pathological examination revealed mesangial hyperplasia and sclerosis. A novel mutation (NM_000495.5 c.4298-8G > A) in the intron of the COL4A5 gene in the proband was discovered, which was also present in the proband's mother, brother, and grandmother. In vitro minigene expression experiments verified that the c.4298-8G > A mutation caused abnormal splicing, leading to the retention of six base pairs at the end of intron 46. The I-TASSER software predicted that the mutation affected the hydrogen-bonding structure of COL4A5 and the electrostatic potential on the surface of the protein molecules. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the patient's clinical history and genetic traits, we conclude that the mutation at the splicing site c.4298-8G > A of the COL4A5 gene is highly probable to be the underlying cause within this particular family. This discovery expands the genetic spectrum and deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AS.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Mutación , Nefritis Hereditaria , Linaje , Empalme del ARN , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Humanos , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Niño , Adulto , China , Pueblos del Este de Asia
12.
Nature ; 628(8009): 863-871, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38570687

RESUMEN

Vertebrate organs require locally adapted blood vessels1,2. The gain of such organotypic vessel specializations is often deemed to be molecularly unrelated to the process of organ vascularization. Here, opposing this model, we reveal a molecular mechanism for brain-specific angiogenesis that operates under the control of Wnt7a/b ligands-well-known blood-brain barrier maturation signals3-5. The control mechanism relies on Wnt7a/b-dependent expression of Mmp25, which we find is enriched in brain endothelial cells. CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis in zebrafish reveals that this poorly characterized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored matrix metalloproteinase is selectively required in endothelial tip cells to enable their initial migration across the pial basement membrane lining the brain surface. Mechanistically, Mmp25 confers brain invasive competence by cleaving meningeal fibroblast-derived collagen IV α5/6 chains within a short non-collagenous region of the central helical part of the heterotrimer. After genetic interference with the pial basement membrane composition, the Wnt-ß-catenin-dependent organotypic control of brain angiogenesis is lost, resulting in properly patterned, yet blood-brain-barrier-defective cerebrovasculatures. We reveal an organ-specific angiogenesis mechanism, shed light on tip cell mechanistic angiodiversity and thereby illustrate how organs, by imposing local constraints on angiogenic tip cells, can select vessels matching their distinctive physiological requirements.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Animales , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/citología , Encéfalo/citología , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/citología , Meninges/citología , Meninges/irrigación sanguínea , Meninges/metabolismo , Especificidad de Órganos , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Pez Cebra/genética , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/genética
13.
Int Angiol ; 43(2): 229-239, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38619205

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Varicose veins affect approximately 25% of people in industrialized countries. METHODS: The study aimed at detecting apoptotic cells and histopathological changes in varicose vein walls. Patients (N.=41) with varicose veins and 30 control group patients were divided into two groups according to their age (younger and older than 50 years). Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay, elastin and collagen IV expression by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results show that the number of apoptotic cells in the layers of varicose veins increased, in particular in a group of patients aged over 50 years. In the varicose veins as compared to control veins the elastic fibers were found to be thinner, more fragmented and disorderly arranged. Elastin and collagen IV expression was found to decline in the intima and the media of varicose veins in both age groups. Electron microscopy demonstrated hypertrophy and degeneration of smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, cells with ultrastructural feature of apoptosis were noted. In the disorganized and expanded extracellular matrix membrane-bound vesicles, ghost bodies with different size and electron density were observed. Ghost bodies seem to bud off from smooth muscle cells and are likely to be involved in extracellular matrix remodeling as they are seen in close contact with collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates increase of apoptotic cells in the wall of varicose veins along with vein wall structural abnormalities including alterations of smooth muscle cells and decline of elastin and collagen IV expression.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Elastina , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Miocitos del Músculo Liso , Vena Safena , Várices , Humanos , Vena Safena/ultraestructura , Vena Safena/patología , Vena Safena/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Elastina/metabolismo , Várices/patología , Várices/metabolismo , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/ultraestructura , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/ultraestructura , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Insuficiencia Venosa/patología , Insuficiencia Venosa/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Factores de Edad , Tejido Elástico/ultraestructura , Tejido Elástico/metabolismo , Tejido Elástico/patología
14.
J Nephrol ; 37(3): 769-772, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668984

RESUMEN

Alport syndrome has been linked to three different genes, that is, COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5. It is characterized by progressive and non-specific glomerulosclerosis with irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). At times, the histopathologic picture is dominated by lesions that are consistent with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis or IgA nephropathy. Here, we report the cases of two related individuals (mother and son) who were diagnosed with COL4A5-related Alport syndrome due to a missense variant (p.Gly1170Ser) in a G-X-Y repeat and found to present the same highly unusual histopathological abnormalities on their kidney biopsies. One of the abnormalities shared, which does not appear to have been reported, was reduced COL4A5 immunolabeling that was limited to Bowman's capsule even though the ultrastructure of the GBM was distorted. The other abnormality was superimposed segmental IgA deposition in both individuals, accompanied by mesangial changes in the mother. We feel that these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms of disease manifestation in Alport syndrome. They suggest, in particular, that collagen expression and/or assemblies in Bowman's capsule is more vulnerable to missense mutations in COL4A5 than elsewhere in the kidney. Our findings also suggest that certain coinherited gene polymorphisms act as unexpectedly important phenotypic determinants in COL4A-related disorders.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Membrana Basal Glomerular , Mutación Missense , Nefritis Hereditaria , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Membrana Basal Glomerular/patología , Membrana Basal Glomerular/ultraestructura , Adulto , Fenotipo , Biopsia , Linaje , Cápsula Glomerular/patología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inmunoglobulina A
15.
JAMA Netw Open ; 7(4): e247034, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38630472

RESUMEN

Importance: Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) account for one-fifth of stroke cases. Numerous familial cases remain unresolved after routine screening of known CSVD genes. Objective: To identify novel genes and mechanisms associated with familial CSVD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 2-stage study involved linkage analysis and a case-control study; linkage analysis and whole exome and genome sequencing were used to identify candidate gene variants in 2 large families with CSVD (9 patients with CSVD). Then, a case-control analysis was conducted on 246 unrelated probands, including probands from these 2 families and 244 additional probands. All probands (clinical onset

Asunto(s)
Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales , Colágeno Tipo IV , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Regiones no Traducidas 3'/genética , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas , Mutagénesis Insercional
16.
J Dermatol Sci ; 113(3): 130-137, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431439

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: "Curved hair" caused by acquired factors is considered to have adverse cosmetic effects, but the detailed mechanism behind curved hair remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to clarify the causes of curved hair that appeared to have occurred via acquired factors. METHODS: Outer root sheath cells (ORSC) isolated from plucked human hair follicles were used to evaluate the expression of type IV collagen. Straight and curved hairs with hair follicle tissue attached were also collected from the same individuals and subjected to morphological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS: The amount of type IV collagen increased upon inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in ORSC. Meanwhile, in curved hair follicle tissue, the gene expression of type IV collagen decreased. In addition, the curved hair follicle tissue obtained from participants in their 30 s to 50 s had distorted shapes compared with that of straight hair from the same individuals. It was also observed that hair matrix cells based on multiple hair germs fused to eventually form a single hair follicle and hair shaft. In curved hair follicle tissue, KRT71 protein, a marker of inner root sheath differentiation, was unevenly distributed and there was elevated expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) protein, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the fusion of hair matrix cells during hair follicle regeneration as a cause of acquired curved hair. We consider that such fusion causes hair follicle tissue to abnormally differentiate, resulting in asymmetric hair follicle shapes and curved hair.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo IV , Folículo Piloso , Humanos , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Cabello , Diferenciación Celular
17.
Clin Transl Med ; 14(3): e1611, 2024 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38481388

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Breast phyllodes tumours (PTs) are a unique type of fibroepithelial neoplasms with metastatic potential and recurrence tendency. However, the precise nature of heterogeneity in breast PTs remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the cell subpopulations composition and spatial structure and investigate diagnostic markers in the pathogenesis of PTs. METHODS: We applied single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomes on tumours and adjacent normal tissues for integration analysis. Immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to verify the tissue distribution of cells. Tumour cells from patients with PTs were cultured to validate the function of genes. To validate the heterogeneity, the epithelial and stromal components of tumour tissues were separated using laser capture microdissection, and microproteomics data were obtained using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The diagnostic value of genes was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: Tumour stromal cells harboured seven subpopulations. Among them, a population of widely distributed cancer-associated fibroblast-like stroma cells exhibited strong communications with epithelial progenitors which underwent a mesenchymal transition. We identified two stromal subpopulations sharing epithelial progenitors and mesenchymal markers. They were inferred to further differentiate into transcriptionally active stromal subpopulations continuously expressing COL4A1/2. The binding of COL4A1/2 with ITGA1/B1 facilitated a growth pattern from the stroma towards the surrounding glands. Furthermore, we found consistent transcriptional changes between intratumoural heterogeneity and inter-patient heterogeneity by performing microproteomics studies on 30 samples from 11 PTs. The immunohistochemical assessment of 97 independent cohorts identified that COL4A1/2 and CSRP1 could aid in accurate diagnosis and grading. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that COL4A1/2 shapes the spatial structure of stromal cell differentiation and has important clinical implications for accurate diagnosis of breast PTs.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Tumor Filoide , Humanos , Femenino , Tumor Filoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Filoide/genética , Tumor Filoide/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo
18.
Mol Genet Genomic Med ; 12(3): e2406, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433557

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome (AS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder resulting from mutations in the collagen IV genes COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5. The genetic diagnosis of AS is very important to make precise diagnosis and achieve optimal outcomes. METHODS: In this study, 16 Chinese families with suspected AS were recruited after pedigree analysis, and the clinical presentations were analyzed by a nephrologist. The genetic diagnosis was performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and the disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The cohort of probands included seven men and nine women, with a mean age of 19.9 years. Pathological analysis showed slight-to-moderate mesangial proliferation, and thin basement membrane was the main findings. Pathogenic variants were revealed by WES in each family, and the co-segregation with renal presentation was confirmed by PCR. In addition, RT-PCR analysis showed that the intronic variant led to aberrant splicing. CONCLUSION: Our findings expand the spectrum of AS gene variation, which will inform genetic diagnosis and add to the theoretical basis for the prevention of AS.


Asunto(s)
Nefritis Hereditaria , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , China , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Riñón , Nefritis Hereditaria/diagnóstico , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética
19.
Redox Biol ; 71: 103102, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430684

RESUMEN

Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a secreted heme peroxidase that catalyzes the oxidative crosslinking of collagen IV within the extracellular matrix (ECM) via intermediate hypobromous acid (HOBr) synthesis from hydrogen peroxide and bromide, but recent findings have also suggested alternative ECM protein modifications by PXDN, including incorporation of bromide into tyrosine residues. In this work, we sought to identify the major target proteins for tyrosine bromination by HOBr or by PXDN-mediated oxidation in ECM from mouse teratocarcinoma PFHR9 cells. We detected 61 bromotyrosine (BrY)-containing peptides representing 23 proteins in HOBr-modified ECM from PFHR9 cells, among which laminins displayed the most prominent bromotyrosine incorporation. Moreover, we also found that laminin α1, laminin ß1, and tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like (TINAGL1) contained BrY in untreated PFHR9 cells, which depended on PXDN. We extended these analyses to lung tissues from both healthy mice and mice with experimental lung fibrosis, and in lung tissues obtained from human subjects. Analysis of ECM-enriched mouse lung tissue extracts showed that 83 ECM proteins were elevated in bleomycin-induced fibrosis, which included various collagens and laminins, and PXDN. Similarly, mRNA and protein expression of PXDN and laminin α/ß1 were enhanced in fibrotic mouse lung tissues, and also in mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages or human fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor ß1, a profibrotic growth factor. We identified 11 BrY-containing ECM proteins, including collagen IV α2, collagen VI α1, TINAGL1, and various laminins, in both healthy and mouse fibrotic lung tissues, although the relative extent of tyrosine bromination of laminins was not significantly increased during fibrosis. Finally, we also identified 7 BrY-containing ECM proteins in human lung tissues, again including collagen IV α2, collagen VI α1, and TINAGL1. Altogether, this work demonstrates the presence of several bromotyrosine-modified ECM proteins, likely involving PXDN, even in normal lung tissues, suggesting a potential biological function for these modifications.


Asunto(s)
Bromatos , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Bromuros/efectos adversos , Bromuros/metabolismo , Laminina/genética , Laminina/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Peroxidasina , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/genética , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Tirosina/metabolismo
20.
Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging ; 6(2): e230098, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38512024

RESUMEN

Purpose To develop an approach for in vivo detection of interstitial cardiac fibrosis using PET with a peptide tracer targeting proteolyzed collagen IV (T-peptide). Materials and Methods T-peptide was conjugated to the copper chelator MeCOSar (chemical name, 5-(8-methyl-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-bicyclo[6.6.6]icosan-1-ylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid) and radiolabeled with copper 64 (64Cu). PET/CT scans were acquired following intravenous delivery of 64Cu-T-peptide-MeCOSar (0.25 mg/kg; 18 MBq ± 2.7 [SD]) to male transgenic mice overexpressing ß2-adrenergic receptors with intermediate (7 months of age; n = 4 per group) to severe (10 months of age; n = 11 per group) cardiac fibrosis and their wild-type controls. PET scans were also performed following coadministration of the radiolabeled probe with nonlabeled T-peptide in excess to confirm binding specificity. PET data were analyzed by t tests for static scans and analysis of variance tests (one- or two-way) for dynamic scans. Results PET/CT scans revealed significantly elevated (2.24-4.26-fold; P < .05) 64Cu-T-peptide-MeCOSar binding in the fibrotic hearts of aged transgenic ß2-adrenergic receptor mice across the entire 45-minute acquisition period compared with healthy controls. The cardiac tracer accumulation and presence of diffuse cardiac fibrosis in older animals were confirmed by gamma counting (P < .05) and histologic evaluation, respectively. Coadministration of a nonradiolabeled probe in excess abolished the elevated radiotracer binding in the aged transgenic hearts. Importantly, PET tracer accumulation was also detected in younger (7 months of age) transgenic mice with intermediate cardiac fibrosis, although this was only apparent from 20 minutes following injection (1.6-2.2-fold binding increase; P < .05). Conclusion The T-peptide PET tracer targeting proteolyzed collagen IV provided a sensitive and specific approach of detecting diffuse cardiac fibrosis at varying degrees of severity in a transgenic mouse model. Keywords: Diffuse Cardiac Fibrosis, Molecular Peptide Probe, Molecular Imaging, PET/CT © RSNA, 2024.


Asunto(s)
Cobre , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Masculino , Animales , Ratones , Sondas Moleculares , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Imagen Molecular , Ratones Transgénicos , Colágeno Tipo IV , Fibrosis , Péptidos
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