Surgeons have hesitated early cholecystectomy because of cardiovascular comorbidities during adoption of guidelines.

The introduction of the guidelines has resulted in an increase of laparoscopic surgeries performed, but the rate of early surgery was still low. Here, the initial effect of the introduction of the guideline was confirmed in single center, and factors disturbing early cholecystectomy were analyzed. This study included 141 patients who were treated for acute cholecystitis from January 2010 to October 2014 at Kanazawa Medical Center. Each patient was assigned into a group according to when they received treatment. Patients in Group A were treated before the Tokyo Guidelines were introduced (n = 48 cases), those in Group B were treated after the introduction of the guidelines (93 cases). After the introduction of the guidelines, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly increased (P < 0.001), however, the rate of early operations was still 38.7% only. There are many cases with cardiovascular disease in delayed group, the prevalence had reached 50% as compared with early group of 24% (P < 0.01). Approximately 25% of patients continued antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. In the early days of guidelines introduction, the factor which most disturbed early surgery was the coexistence of cardiovascular disease. These contents could be described in the next revision of the guidelines.

Dementia in elderly patients undergoing early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Dementia often adversely affects postoperative outcomes in surgical patients. This study evaluated postoperative outcomes among elderly patients with and without dementia undergoing early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (AC). METHODS: A total of 182 patients over 85 years of age who were diagnosed with AC and treated from January 2005 to March 2018 were reviewed retrospectively; 59 patients who underwent early cholecystectomy were enrolled. The complication rates, length of postoperative hospital stay, and rates of routine discharge (i.e., returning to their preoperative living location) were compared between two groups of patients with and without dementia. RESULTS: The overall complication rate after early cholecystectomy for AC in 59 patients was 11.9%, and there was no mortality in this series. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9.0 days, and the routine discharge rate was 89.8%. Of the 59 patients, 22 patients (37.3%) had a history of dementia. Complication rates were comparable between the groups, despite the rate of delirium development being significantly higher in the dementia group. The median length of postoperative hospital stay and routine discharge rates did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early cholecystectomy for patients with AC over 85 years of age was performed safely, and elderly patients with dementia had similar postoperative outcomes as compared with patients without dementia.

[Dependence of the operation stress degree from the kind of operative intervention for an acute cholecystitis in the patients with high operative-anesthesiological risk].

The results of comparison between the operation stress degree in various kinds of surgical interventions, performed for an acute cholecystitis, using determination of cortizol, prolactin and glucose content before the operation, intraoperatively and postoperatively in 50 patients, are adduced. There was established, that the largest (in 5.3 times) and the most durable (more than 24 hours) intr erative raising of the cortizol level in the blood serum was noted in patients, to whom open cholecystectomy (OCH) was done, and the minimal (in 2.2 times) and the least durable (up to 1 hour)--while performing transcutaneous transhepatic draining (TTD) of gallbladder under ultrasonographic control. While performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCH) there was noted the most pronounced intraoperative raising of prolactin level (in 3.6 times) and more rapid its lowering (during 24 hours) in comparison with such while the OCH performance (during 72 hours). In TTD there was observed the minimal intraoperative inhancing of the prolactin level (in 2.3 times) and its duration (during 1 hour) postoperatively. The above mentioned have witnessed, that while TTD of gallbladder performance stimulation of the anterior hypophysis is significantly lesser, than while LCH and OCH.