Asunto(s)
Política Ambiental , Objetivos , Desarrollo Sostenible , Naciones Unidas , Política Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política Ambiental/tendencias , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendencias , Naciones Unidas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Naciones Unidas/organización & administración , Inteligencia ArtificialRESUMEN
Green innovation is the pivotal part connected with achieving urban sustainable development. Resource regulation, represented by water rights trading policy (WRTP), is playing an increasingly important role in supporting urban green innovation (UGI). Therefore, this paper uses the WRTP conducted in 2014 in China as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the net effect of resource regulation on green innovation by the identification methods of difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results show that: (1) WRTP promotes UGI significantly, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. (2)The influencing mechanisms are mainly by optimizing industrial structure and enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and information exchange efficiency and the promoting function is moderated by urban competitiveness and population agglomeration. (3) The promotion effects are greater in cities with higher level of government intervention, environmental pollution, water using quantity and local economy.(4) WRTP has the spatial spillover effect on UGI. These findings provide insights into sustainable development of water resources, management of water trading market, urban green innovation and sustainable economic development.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Sostenible , China , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Abastecimiento de Agua/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ciudades , Recursos Hídricos , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/legislación & jurisprudenciaAsunto(s)
Océanos y Mares , Desarrollo Sostenible , Noruega , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendencias , Industria del Petróleo y Gas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Industria del Petróleo y Gas/tendencias , Minería/legislación & jurisprudencia , Minería/tendenciasRESUMEN
The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación Ambiental , Objetivos , Plásticos , Reciclaje , Desarrollo Sostenible , Biomasa , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Contaminación Ambiental/economía , Contaminación Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación Ambiental/prevención & control , Contaminación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Combustibles Fósiles , Calentamiento Global/prevención & control , Gases de Efecto Invernadero/análisis , Plásticos/síntesis química , Plásticos/economía , Plásticos/metabolismo , Plásticos/provisión & distribución , Reciclaje/economía , Reciclaje/legislación & jurisprudencia , Reciclaje/métodos , Reciclaje/tendencias , Energía Renovable , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendencias , Tecnología/economía , Tecnología/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tecnología/métodos , Tecnología/tendenciasRESUMEN
The critical temperature beyond which photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail averages approximately 46.7 °C (Tcrit)1. However, it remains unclear whether leaf temperatures experienced by tropical vegetation approach this threshold or soon will under climate change. Here we found that pantropical canopy temperatures independently triangulated from individual leaf thermocouples, pyrgeometers and remote sensing (ECOSTRESS) have midday peak temperatures of approximately 34 °C during dry periods, with a long high-temperature tail that can exceed 40 °C. Leaf thermocouple data from multiple sites across the tropics suggest that even within pixels of moderate temperatures, upper canopy leaves exceed Tcrit 0.01% of the time. Furthermore, upper canopy leaf warming experiments (+2, 3 and 4 °C in Brazil, Puerto Rico and Australia, respectively) increased leaf temperatures non-linearly, with peak leaf temperatures exceeding Tcrit 1.3% of the time (11% for more than 43.5 °C, and 0.3% for more than 49.9 °C). Using an empirical model incorporating these dynamics (validated with warming experiment data), we found that tropical forests can withstand up to a 3.9 ± 0.5 °C increase in air temperatures before a potential tipping point in metabolic function, but remaining uncertainty in the plasticity and range of Tcrit in tropical trees and the effect of leaf death on tree death could drastically change this prediction. The 4.0 °C estimate is within the 'worst-case scenario' (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5) of climate change predictions2 for tropical forests and therefore it is still within our power to decide (for example, by not taking the RCP 6.0 or 8.5 route) the fate of these critical realms of carbon, water and biodiversity3,4.
Asunto(s)
Aclimatación , Calor Extremo , Bosques , Fotosíntesis , Árboles , Clima Tropical , Aclimatación/fisiología , Australia , Brasil , Calor Extremo/efectos adversos , Calentamiento Global , Fotosíntesis/fisiología , Puerto Rico , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendencias , Árboles/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , IncertidumbreRESUMEN
The improvement of enterprise total factor productivity and labor productivity is the micro-embodiment of high-quality economic development. Green finance relies on the dual functions of resource allocation and environmental regulation to guide enterprises to adjust their mode of operation through incentive and restraint mechanisms, attach importance to energy conservation and environmental protection, and guide enterprises to develop with high quality. Taking the construction of the green financial supervision system in 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment, we constructed a difference-in-difference model to investigate the impact and mechanism of green finance on the high-quality development of enterprises, based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2020. The results show that the implementation of green finance effectively promotes the high-quality development of enterprises. This promotion effect is heterogeneous from perspectives of enterprise-specific characteristics, executive education background, and environmental regulation intensity. The influence mechanisms mainly rely on tightening financial constraints, upgrading the level of green technology innovation, and improving the quality of internal control. These findings provide an important decision-making reference for better implementing green finance policies and promoting high-quality economic development under the green and low-carbon concept and carbon peak carbon neutrality goals.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Económico , Política Fiscal , Desarrollo Sostenible , Carbono , China , Desarrollo Económico/legislación & jurisprudencia , Regulación Gubernamental , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudenciaAsunto(s)
Disentimientos y Disputas , Producto Interno Bruto , Desarrollo Sostenible , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendencias , Producto Interno Bruto/historia , Producto Interno Bruto/legislación & jurisprudencia , Producto Interno Bruto/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXIRESUMEN
Green innovation is a strategic choice for Chinese enterprises to achieve in balancing economic performance and environmental benefits. Environmental protection tax (EPT) is the first green tax in China. How to fully leverage the institutional dividends of environmental tax reform to achieve green innovation in enterprises is of great significance for the high-quality development of China's current economy. This study takes the levy of environmental protection taxes as the quasi-natural experiment and uses DID, DDD, PSM-DID and so on to verify the impact of EPT on green innovation. The results show that EPT can improve green innovation through the path of legitimacy pressure and legitimacy management. Notably, the effects are more obvious in enterprises with non-state-owned, low-financing constraints and located in the eastern region. Furthermore, green innovations under the push of environmental protection tax can improve long-term performance, while it has a negative effect on short-term performance. The levy of EPT has the dual dividend effect of economy and environment. Moreover, this study explores the source of the legitimacy pressure and the strategic response of enterprises and provides guidance for government's precise implementation of policies to optimize the role of EPT in green innovation.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Desarrollo Sostenible , Impuestos , China , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/economía , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Impuestos/economía , Impuestos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudenciaAsunto(s)
Viaje en Avión , Dióxido de Carbono , Desarrollo Sostenible , Francia , Viaje en Avión/legislación & jurisprudencia , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Factores de Tiempo , Vías Férreas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono , Carbono , Cooperación Internacional , Energía Renovable , Desarrollo Sostenible , Carbono/provisión & distribución , Dióxido de Carbono/provisión & distribución , Cooperación Internacional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Energía Renovable/economía , Energía Renovable/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/tendenciasRESUMEN
The relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation has been partially confirmed, yet the role of environmental regulation in it remains unexplored. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of digital finance on regional green innovation and tests the moderating role of environmental regulation using Chinese city-level data from 2011 to 2019 as a research sample. The results show that digital finance can significantly promote regional green innovation by alleviating regional financing constraints and increasing regional R&D investment. Besides, digital finance has apparent regional difference effects (the contribution of digital finance to regional green innovation is greater in eastern China than in western China, and the development of digital finance in neighbouring regions has a negative transmission effect on local green innovation). Finally, environmental regulation positively moderates the relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation. This paper explores the relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation from the perspective of environmental regulation, providing empirical evidence to promote regional green innovation.
Asunto(s)
Tecnología Digital , Desarrollo Económico , Política Ambiental , Inversiones en Salud , Desarrollo Sostenible , China , Desarrollo Económico/legislación & jurisprudencia , Inversiones en Salud/economía , Inversiones en Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desarrollo Sostenible/economía , Desarrollo Sostenible/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política Ambiental/economía , Política Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tecnología Digital/economía , Tecnología Digital/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
Like any organism, humanity constructs its niche and adapts to the rest of nature by modifying available materials around them. In the era that some have dubbed the "Anthropocene," human niche construction has gone so far as to threaten the planetary climate system. The central question of sustainability is how humanity can collectively self-regulate niche construction, that is, humanity's relationship with the rest of nature. In this article, we argue that to resolve the collective self-regulation problem for sustainability, sufficiently accurate and relevant aspects of causal knowledge about the functioning of complex social-ecological systems need to be cognized, communicated, and collectively shared. More specifically, causal knowledge about human-nature interdependence-how humans interact with each other and the rest of nature-is critical for coordinating cognitive agents' thoughts, feelings, and actions for the greater good without falling into the trap of free riding. Here, we will develop a theoretical framework to consider the role of causal knowledge about human-nature interdependence in collective self-regulation for sustainability, review the relevant empirical research primarily focusing on climate change, and take stock of what is currently known and what we need to investigate in the future.