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1.
Cell Mol Immunol ; 21(1): 60-79, 2024 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38062129

RESUMEN

The main challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ascribed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the lack of sufficient infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from "cold" to "hot" and thus more likely to potentiate the effects of ICIs is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We found that the selective BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in syngeneic and humanized CD34+ mouse models. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that APG-2575 polarized M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages toward the M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype with increased CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion, restoring T-cell function and promoting a favorable immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that APG-2575 directly binds to NF-κB p65 to activate NLRP3 signaling, thereby mediating macrophage repolarization and the activation of proinflammatory caspases and subsequently increasing CCL5 and CXCL10 chemokine production. As a result, APG-2575-induced macrophage repolarization could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, thus improving tumor immunosuppression and further enhancing antitumor T-cell immunity. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed that patients with better immunotherapeutic efficacy had higher CD86, p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 levels, accompanied by lower CD206 expression on macrophages. Collectively, these data provide evidence that further study on APG-2575 in combination with immunotherapy for tumor treatment is required.


Asunto(s)
Dioxanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Nitrobencenos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Pirroles , Macrófagos Asociados a Tumores , Animales , Ratones , Dioxanos/farmacología , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Nitrobencenos/farmacología , Nitrobencenos/uso terapéutico , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/agonistas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirroles/farmacología , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , Macrófagos Asociados a Tumores/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Asociados a Tumores/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Polaridad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Quimiocina CCL5/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/métodos
4.
World Neurosurg ; 144: e842-e848, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32956894

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Patients with good-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are thought to recover well, yet some do not. This work sought to identify predictors of unfavorable functional outcome after good-grade aSAH. METHODS: We performed a post-hoc analysis of the CONSCIOUS-1 trial. Patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grades I or II aSAH were included. The primary outcome was unfavorable functional outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >2) at 12 weeks. Parametric and nonparametric testing were used as appropriate. Variables were classified as modifiable or nonmodifiable, depending on whether they were present at patient admission. Stepwise logistic regression models were created for modifiable and nonmodifiable predictors of outcome. Independent predictors in the respective multivariate analyses were combined into a final multivariate regression model. RESULTS: We included 301 patients, 67 of whom (22%) had an unfavorable outcome. Of the nonmodifiable predictors, higher admission systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002) and female sex (P = 0.011) were independently associated with unfavorable outcome. Potentially modifiable independent predictors of outcome were delayed cerebral ischemia (P = 0.039), higher maximum temperature (0.036), suffering a respiratory system complication (P = 0.004), and suffering an intracranial hemorrhagic complication (P = 0.022). All variables found to be independently predictive of poor outcome in their respective models retained statistical significance in the combined multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: About 1 in 5 good-grade aSAH patients enrolled in CONSCIOUS-1 suffered an unfavorable functional outcome. Admission systolic blood pressure, female sex, hyperthermia, delayed cerebral ischemia, respiratory complications, and intracranial hemorrhagic complications may be predictive of outcome.


Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico , Adulto , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Factores de Riesgo , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/prevención & control , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
5.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 99(17): e19902, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32332668

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a disease caused by the infiltration of blood into the subarachnoid space due to the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. It is a serious cerebrovascular disease, with a mortality rate of about 40% worldwide, which seriously threatens human life and health. Many drugs are used to treat aSAH and its complications, and some have been tested in systematic reviews and have shown good effects. But which drug has the best effect remains unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of clazosentan, cilostazol, and statins in patients with aSAH. METHODS: We will search for EMBASE.com, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy and safety of clazosentan, cilostazol, and statins compared with the control, or compared with each other for the treatment of aSAH will be included. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included RCTs with the Cochrane "Risk of bias" tool. The pairwise meta-analysis will be performed with the random-effects model. The NMA will be performed in a Bayesian hierarchical framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method in WinBUGS 1.4.3. Egger test and funnel plot will be used to assess the publication bias. We will evaluate the quality of evidence for each outcome according to the GRADE approach. RESULTS: The results of this NMA will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. CONCLUSION: This study will summarize up-to-date evidence to compare the efficacy and safety of clazosentan, cilostazol, and statins on aSAH.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019147523.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos Clínicos , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/tratamiento farmacológico , Cilostazol/uso terapéutico , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/fisiopatología , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico
7.
Cells ; 9(2)2020 02 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32085378

RESUMEN

The noradrenergic system is proposed to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. While α1- and ß-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are suggested to be involved in a multitude of profibrogenic actions, little is known about α2-AR-mediated effects and their expression pattern during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We explored the expression of α2-AR in two models of experimental liver fibrosis. We further evaluated the capacity of the α2-AR blocker mesedin to deactivate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and to increase the permeability of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (hLSECs). The mRNA of α2a-, α2b-, and α2c-AR subtypes was uniformly upregulated in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice vs the controls, while in bile duct-ligated mice, only α2b-AR increased in response to liver injury. In murine HSCs, mesedin led to a decrease in α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-ß and α2a-AR expression, which was indicated by RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analyses. In a hLSEC line, an increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was detected along with downregulated transforming growth factor-ß. In conclusion, we suggest that the α2-AR blockade alleviates the activation of HSCs and may increase the permeability of liver sinusoids during liver injury.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/uso terapéutico , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/genética , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/farmacología , Animales , Dioxanos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/fisiopatología , Ratones , Tiazoles/farmacología
8.
Med Hypotheses ; 133: 109407, 2019 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31586811

RESUMEN

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioural disorders, the frontline treatments for which are drugs with abuse potential. As a consequence, there is an urgent need to develop non addictive drug treatments with equivalent efficacy. Preclinical evidence suggests that selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are likely to be effective in ADHD, however clinical reports suggest that SSRIs are of limited therapeutic value for the treatment of ADHD. We propose that this disconnect can be explained by the pattern of drug administration in existing clinical trials (administration for short periods of time, or intermittently) leading to inadequate control of the autoregulatory processes which control 5-HT release, most notably at the level of inhibitory 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors. These autoreceptors reduce the firing rate of 5-HT neurons (limiting release) unless they are desensitised by a long term, frequent pattern of drug administration. As such, we argue that the participants in earlier trials were not administered SSRIs in a manner which realises any potential benefits of targeting 5-HT in the pharmacotherapy of ADHD. In light of this, we hypothesise that there may be under-researched potential to exploit 5-HT transmission therapeutically in ADHD, either through changing the administration regime, or by pharmacological means. Recent pharmacological research has successfully potentiated the effects of SSRIs in acute animal preparations by antagonising inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors prior to the administration of the SSRI fluoxetine. We suggest that combination therapies linking SSRIs and 5-HT1A antagonists are a potential way forward in the development of efficacious non-addictive pharmacotherapies for ADHD.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Colículos Superiores/fisiopatología , Animales , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/métodos , Dioxanos/administración & dosificación , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Esquema de Medicación , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Pindolol/farmacología , Pindolol/uso terapéutico , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A/fisiología , Movimientos Sacádicos/fisiología , Neuronas Serotoninérgicas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Serotoninérgicas/fisiología , Serotonina/fisiología , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/farmacología , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Colículos Superiores/efectos de los fármacos
9.
Stroke ; 50(10): 2738-2744, 2019 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31394993

RESUMEN

Background and Purpose- Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce angiographic vasospasm and vasospasm-related morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), although no effect on long-term functional outcome has been demonstrated. Thick clot on initial computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this post hoc analysis, we hypothesized that use of clazosentan in this subpopulation would provide stronger benefit. Methods- We analyzed SAH patients enrolled in the CONSCIOUS-2 and CONSCIOUS-3 studies (Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) and compared the effects of clazosentan 5 mg/h, 15 mg/h, and placebo starting the day after aneurysm repair. The analysis was performed separately based on the presence or absence of thick (≥4 mm) and diffuse (≥3 cisterns) SAH on admission computed tomography. The primary composite end point was all-cause mortality and vasospasm-related morbidity at 6 weeks, and the main secondary end point was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months, adjusted for admission clinical grade. Results- Of 1718 randomized patients, 919 (53%) had thick and diffuse SAH. The primary composite end point in this group occurred in 36% of placebo-treated patients (n=294), 30% patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (n=514; relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-0.99), and 19% patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (n=111; relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36-0.80). Despite this, death or poor functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≤4) occurred in 33% of placebo-treated patients, 34% of patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (relative risk 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84-1.23), and 35% of patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (relative risk 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88-1.48). Conclusions- In an enriched population with thick and diffuse SAH, clazosentan at a dose of 5 and 15 mg/h was able to significantly reduce vasospasm-related morbidity in a dose-dependent manner. The absence of an effect on long-term functional status likely reflects the complexity and multiplicity of factors that contribute to poor outcome after SAH. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00558311; NCT00940095.


Asunto(s)
Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/complicaciones , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/patología , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/prevención & control , Adulto , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/etiología
10.
Kidney Int ; 96(2): 327-341, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31101366

RESUMEN

To elucidate the physiologic function of renal globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77), which up-to-date has been associated exclusively with Shiga toxin binding, we have analyzed renal function in Gb3-deficient mice. Gb3 synthase KO (Gb3S-/-) mice displayed an increased renal albumin and low molecular weight protein excretion compared to WT. Gb3 localized at the brush border and within vesicular structures in WT proximal tubules and has now been shown to be closely associated with the receptor complex megalin/cubilin and with albumin uptake. In two clinically relevant mouse models of acute kidney injury caused by myoglobin as seen in rhabdomyolysis and the aminoglycoside gentamicin, Gb3S-/- mice showed a preserved renal function and morphology, compared to WT. Pharmacologic inhibition of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids, including Gb3, in WT mice corroborated the results of genetically Gb3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our data significantly advance the current knowledge on the physiologic and pathophysiologic role of Gb3 in proximal tubules, showing an involvement in the reabsorption of filtered albumin, myoglobin and the aminoglycoside gentamicin.


Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Albúminas/metabolismo , Dioxanos/farmacología , Galactosiltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Reabsorción Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Trihexosilceramidas/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Animales , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Galactosiltransferasas/genética , Galactosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Gentamicinas/metabolismo , Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Humanos , Microscopía Intravital , Túbulos Renales Proximales/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Renales Proximales/patología , Túbulos Renales Proximales/ultraestructura , Proteína 2 Relacionada con Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Microscopía Electrónica , Microscopía de Fluorescencia por Excitación Multifotónica , Microvellosidades/efectos de los fármacos , Microvellosidades/metabolismo , Mioglobina/metabolismo , Mioglobina/toxicidad , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Eliminación Renal/efectos de los fármacos
11.
World Neurosurg ; 128: e639-e648, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31054336

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Clazosentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to prevent the development of large vessel angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). It has been hypothesized that clazosentan can also reverse established angiographic vasospasm. METHODS: The REVERSE (resynchronization reverses remodeling in systolic left ventricular dysfunction) study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, 2-stage pilot study of adult patients with aSAH who had received intravenous clazosentan (15 mg/hour) after developing moderate-to-severe angiographic vasospasm. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reversal of global cerebral vasospasm in large cerebral artery segments 3 hours after clazosentan initiation. The secondary endpoints included large artery vasospasm reversal at 24 hours and the maximum change in the angiographic cerebral circulation time. The change in vasospasm severity in the proximal and distal segments was investigated in an exploratory analysis. RESULTS: The primary efficacy endpoint was met in 3 of 11 evaluable patients (27.3%; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-61.0). However, recruitment was stopped after stage 1 in accordance with the predefined interim analysis criteria. In the exploratory analysis, 50.0% and 77.8% of the patients showed a significant reversal of vasospasm or improvement to the admission state in ≥2 distal segments at 3 and 24 hours and 28.6% and 77.8% in ≥2 proximal segments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although the main analysis showed a reversal of large vessel vasospasm 3 hours after clazosentan initiation in a few patients, the exploratory analysis indicated a clear pharmacodynamic dilating effect on vasospastic cerebral vessels at 24 hours in most patients, in particular, in the distal arterial beds. This observation supported the inclusion of patients with established vasospasm in the ongoing REACT (prevention and treatment of vasospasm with clazosentan) trial.


Asunto(s)
Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores de la Endotelina A/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/terapia , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Angiografía Cerebral , Embolización Terapéutica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos , Proyectos Piloto , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/complicaciones , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/etiología , Adulto Joven
12.
Eur J Med Chem ; 176: 310-325, 2019 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31112892

RESUMEN

A series of compounds generated by ring expansion/opening and molecular elongation/simplification of the 1,3-dioxolane scaffold were prepared and tested for binding affinity at 5-HT1AR and α1 adrenoceptors. The compounds with greater affinity were selected for further functional studies. N-((2,2-diphenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethan-1-ammonium hydrogen oxalate (12) emerged as highly potent full agonist at the 5-HT1AR (pKi 5-HT1A = 8.8; pD2 = 9.22, %Emax = 92). The pharmacokinetic data in rats showed that the orally administered 12 has a high biodistribution in the brain compartment. Thus, 12 was further investigated in-vivo, showing an anxiolytic and antidepressant effect. Moreover, in the formalin test, 12 was able to decrease the late response to the noxious stimulus, indicating a potential use in the treatment of chronic pain.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/síntesis química , Analgésicos/farmacocinética , Analgésicos/toxicidad , Animales , Ansiolíticos/síntesis química , Ansiolíticos/farmacocinética , Ansiolíticos/toxicidad , Antidepresivos/síntesis química , Antidepresivos/farmacocinética , Antidepresivos/toxicidad , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dioxanos/síntesis química , Dioxanos/farmacocinética , Dioxanos/toxicidad , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/síntesis química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacocinética , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/toxicidad , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/metabolismo , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/síntesis química , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/farmacocinética , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/toxicidad , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad
13.
Bioorg Chem ; 88: 102916, 2019 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31026719

RESUMEN

Both c-Met and VEGFR-2 were important targets for cancer therapies. In order to develop reversible and non-covalent c-Met and VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors, a series of [1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]quinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized. The enzyme assay demonstrated that most target compounds had inhibition potency on both c-Met and VEGFR-2 with IC50 values in nanomolar range especially compounds 7m and 7k. Based on further cell proliferation assay in vitro, compound 7k showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo on a hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97H cells) xenograft mouse model. We docked the compound 7m with c-Met and VEGFR-2 kinases, and interpreted the SAR of these analogues. All results indicated that the target compounds were dual inhibitors of c-Met and VEGFR-2 kinases that held promising potential in cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinazolinas/uso terapéutico , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dioxanos/síntesis química , Dioxanos/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Ratones SCID , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/síntesis química , Quinazolinas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
14.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ; 392(8): 925-936, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30919010

RESUMEN

We previously reported that hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression via histamine H4 receptors contributes to the development of cisplatin-induced anorexia; however, its precise mechanisms remain unclear. It has been reported that chemotherapeutic agents induce the suppression of orexin neuron activity, and the administration of orexin inhibits chemotherapeutic agent-induced gastric discomfort. Other studies demonstrated that the central administration of TNF-α impairs the orexinergic system, and that orexin excites the histaminergic system. We investigated the involvement of orexinergic and histaminergic systems in the therapeutic effect of an H4 receptor antagonist against cisplatin-induced anorexia. Cisplatin decreased the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA, which encodes precursors of orexin, in the hypothalamus of mice. The period of expression decreased in parallel with the onset of anorexia, and treatment with an H4 receptor antagonist (JNJ7777120, 10 mg/kg) inhibited the decrease in expression. The effect of the H4 receptor antagonist on cisplatin-induced anorexia in mice was antagonized by an orexin OX2 receptor antagonist (JNJ10397049, 5 mg/kg) rather than an orexin OX1 receptor antagonist (SB408124, 30 mg/kg). Although an OX2 receptor agonist (YNT-185, 20 mg/kg) or a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist (ciproxifan, 1 mg/kg) inhibited the cisplatin-induced anorexia, the inhibitory effect of the OX2 receptor agonist was antagonized by an H3 receptor silent antagonist (VUF5681, 5 mg/kg). The combination of JNJ7777120 (10 mg/kg) and ciproxifan (0.5 mg/kg) completely resolved the cisplatin-induced anorexia. These results suggest that activation of the orexinergic and histaminergic pathway is involved in the therapeutic effect of an H4 receptor antagonist against cisplatin-induced anorexia.


Asunto(s)
Anorexia/inducido químicamente , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/farmacología , Histamina/fisiología , Orexinas/fisiología , Receptores Histamínicos H4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Anorexia/psicología , Antineoplásicos , Cisplatino , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Agonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapéutico , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos DBA , Receptores de Orexina/efectos de los fármacos , Orexinas/biosíntesis , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos
15.
World Neurosurg ; 123: 418-424.e3, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30508597

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, reduced vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND) but did not improve outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in clinical trials. However, a lack of dose-dependent analysis and potential overestimation of clazosentan's effect are concerning. We used stratified analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of existing data to investigate the effects of clazosentan on SAH outcome. METHODS: Studies from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were reviewed for eligibility. Primary outcomes were DIND requiring rescue therapy, all-cause mortality, and vasospasm-related morbidity at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were moderate-to-severe angiographic vasospasm, new cerebral infarction, and poor clinical outcome at 3 months. TSA was performed to assess the required information size and the α-spending monitoring boundary effect of relative risk (RR) reduction. A stratified analysis of clazosentan dosage was performed. RESULTS: Five studies (N = 2317) were included. Clazosentan significantly reduced the risk of DIND requiring rescue therapy (RR, 0.625; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.462-0.846) and vasospasm (RR, 0.543; 95% CI, 0.464-0.635), but did not significantly affect mortality or vasospasm-related morbidity (RR, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.578-1.039), new cerebral infarction (RR, 0.604; 95% CI, 0.383-0.952), or outcome (RR, 1.131; 95% CI, 0.959-1.334). TSA revealed that the studies were underpowered to evaluate the effects of clazosentan on mortality and vasospasm-associated morbidity. We found 10-15 mg/h of clazosentan administration was associated with lower rates of vasospasm and new cerebral infarctions compared with 5 mg/h. CONCLUSIONS: Clazosentan reduced the risk of DIND requiring rescue therapy and moderate-to-severe vasospasm. Further meta-analyses based on individual patient data with different clazosentan doses and more refined outcome measures are necessary to clarify clazosentan's efficacy in improving post-SAH outcome.


Asunto(s)
Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Endotelina/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Bases de Datos Bibliográficas/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento
16.
World Neurosurg ; 123: e235-e244, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30496924

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The present meta-analysis was conducted to provide an update on the efficacy and safety profile of clazosentan with different doses in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive and electronic search updated to September 2018 of The Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed to identify relevant clinical trials. Trials of the effectiveness of clazosentan in treating cerebral vasospasm after aSAH were studied. The main outcomes included new cerebral infarction (NCI), delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), vasospasm associated with morbidity/mortality, angiographic vasospasm, rescue therapy, and adverse events. We applied RevMan 5.3 software for this meta-analysis to analyze the combined pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed- or random-effects model on the basis of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 5 randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Beneficial outcome was found in patients who received higher doses of clazosentan (>5 mg/h) after aSAH based on decreased incidence of DINDs (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.16-2.69; P = 0.008), NCIs (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.34-3.95; P = 0.002), and angiographic vasospasms (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.19-2.89; P = 0.007). Meanwhile, other parameters, such as vasospasm-related morbidity/mortality, rescue therapy, and adverse events, showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05) between high and low doses of clazosentan. CONCLUSIONS: The significant beneficial outcomes of high-dose clazosentan have been proven in preventing cerebral vasospasm and subsequent cerebral infarction compared with low-dose clazosentan, with a manageable safety profile. However, high doses of clazosentan had no significant effect on rescue therapy and vasospasm-related morbidity/mortality.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central/uso terapéutico , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/complicaciones , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos adversos , Dioxanos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Pirimidinas/efectos adversos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfonamidas/efectos adversos , Tetrazoles/efectos adversos , Vasoespasmo Intracraneal/etiología
17.
Acta Cir Bras ; 33(11): 1027-1036, 2018 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517329

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To compare two suture threads, poliglecaprone 25 and nylon, used as intradermal suture for skin closure in women undergoing their first cesarean section. METHODS: This is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 women undergoing their first cesarean section were enrolled and prospectively assessed. They were randomly allocated to group I (n=30), which received an intradermal suture with nylon 4.0 or to group II (n=30), which had an intradermal suture with poliglecaprone 25, 4.0. The main author took standardized photographs of the scar 6 months after the operation. Four independent raters, two senior obstetricians and two senior plastic surgeons (a male and a female physician from each specialty) assessed the photographs.The panelists rated the scar according to Trimbos scale, composed by the subscales hypertrophy, color and width of the scar. RESULTS: At baseline, patients in both groups were similar regarding age and body mass index. Five patients withdraw the study, four from group and one from group II. Scars of patients from group II were significantly less hypertrophic (p=0.001), thinner (p=0.019) and had more acceptable color (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: The intradermal suture with poliglecaprone 25 for skin closure after cesarean incision provides better aesthetic result.


Asunto(s)
Cesárea/métodos , Cicatriz , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Nylons , Poliésteres/uso terapéutico , Técnicas de Sutura , Suturas , Materiales Biocompatibles , Estética , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Resultado del Tratamiento
18.
Acta cir. bras ; 33(11): 1027-1036, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973478

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To compare two suture threads, poliglecaprone 25 and nylon, used as intradermal suture for skin closure in women undergoing their first cesarean section. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 women undergoing their first cesarean section were enrolled and prospectively assessed. They were randomly allocated to group I (n=30), which received an intradermal suture with nylon 4.0 or to group II (n=30), which had an intradermal suture with poliglecaprone 25, 4.0. The main author took standardized photographs of the scar 6 months after the operation. Four independent raters, two senior obstetricians and two senior plastic surgeons (a male and a female physician from each specialty) assessed the photographs.The panelists rated the scar according to Trimbos scale, composed by the subscales hypertrophy, color and width of the scar. Results: At baseline, patients in both groups were similar regarding age and body mass index. Five patients withdraw the study, four from group and one from group II. Scars of patients from group II were significantly less hypertrophic (p=0.001), thinner (p=0.019) and had more acceptable color (p=0.019). Conclusion: The intradermal suture with poliglecaprone 25 for skin closure after cesarean incision provides better aesthetic result.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Poliésteres/uso terapéutico , Suturas , Cesárea/métodos , Técnicas de Sutura , Cicatriz , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Nylons , Valores de Referencia , Materiales Biocompatibles , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Estética
19.
Stroke ; 49(8): 1859-1865, 2018 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29946013

RESUMEN

Background and Purpose- Anemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is common and potentially modifiable. Here, we first evaluate the effect of anemia on neurological outcome and death and second, study the effects of packed red blood cell transfusion on outcome. Methods- A secondary analysis on 413 subjects in the CONSCIOUS-1 study (Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors for anemia and determined the effect of anemia on neurological outcome and death, while adjusting for selected covariates. Optimal predictive thresholds for hemoglobin levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, patients were pseudorandomized to transfusion using propensity score matching to study the effect of transfusions on outcome. Results- Anemia, defined as hemoglobin <10 g/dL, was present in 5% of patients at presentation, in 29% of patients after aneurysm securing (days 1-3), and in 32% of patients during the peak delayed cerebral ischemia risk period (days 5-9). Anemia after aneurysm securing (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.59; P=0.03) and during the delayed cerebral ischemia window (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-4.76; P=0.0014) was independently associated with poor neurological outcome. Anemia postaneurysm securing (odds ratio, 3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-10.62; P=0.027) but not during the delayed cerebral ischemia window was associated with death. Using propensity score-matched cohorts, we found that transfusion of anemic patients did not improve long-term outcome (P=0.8) or mortality rates (P=0.9). Transfusion of patients with a hemoglobin concentration >10 g/dL was associated with improved neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.72; P=0.015), with no differences in mortality. Conclusions- Anemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with poor long-term neurological outcome and death. Transfusion of packed red blood cells is beneficial for patients who are not considerably anemic beforehand, suggesting further work needs to define the threshold but also the time period of anemia that is sufficient and necessary to contribute to poor outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00111085.


Asunto(s)
Anemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Anemia/mortalidad , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/mortalidad , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/mortalidad , Adulto , Anemia/terapia , Transfusión Sanguínea/mortalidad , Transfusión Sanguínea/tendencias , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidad , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Cerebral/mortalidad , Infarto Cerebral/terapia , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/terapia , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
20.
Planta ; 247(5): 1077-1087, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29350280

RESUMEN

MAIN CONCLUSION: Six types of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) fractions were isolated from Eucalyptus. The acidic dioxane treatment applied significantly improved the yield of LCCs. The extraction conditions had a limited impact on the LCC structures and linkages. Characterization of the lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structures and linkages promises to offer insight on plant cell wall chemistry. In this case, Eucalyptus LCCs were extracted by aqueous dioxane, and then precipitated sequentially by 70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, and acidic water (pH = 2). The composition and structure of the six LCC fractions obtained by selective precipitation were investigated by sugar analysis, molecular weight determination, and 2D HSQC NMR. It was found that the acidic (0.05-M HCl) dioxane treatment significantly improved the yield of LCCs (66.4% based on Klason lignin), which was higher than the neutral aqueous dioxane extraction, and the extraction condition showed limited impact on the LCC structures and linkages. In the fractionation process, the low-molecular-weight LCCs containing a high content of carbohydrates (60.3-63.2%) were first precipitated by 70% ethanol from the extractable solution. The phenyl glycoside (PhGlc) bonds (13.0-17.0 per 100Ar) and highly acetylated xylans were observed in the fractions recovered by the precipitation with 100% ethanol. On the other hand, such xylan-rich LCCs exhibited the highest frequency of ß-O-4 linkages. The benzyl ether (BE) bonds were only detected in the fractions obtained by acidic water precipitation.


Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos/aislamiento & purificación , Eucalyptus/metabolismo , Lignina/aislamiento & purificación , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carbohidratos/química , Precipitación Química , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Lignina/química , Lignina/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Peso Molecular
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