RESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: El siguiente trabajo científico analiza, desde un enfoque socio-histórico con énfasis en la historia social de los saberes y personas expertas, el XIV Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física realizado en Costa Rica en 1993. Analiza al evento como un espacio de sociabilidad, circulación de saberes, legitimación de ciertos sujetos expertos, e influencia y poder de algunas organizaciones internacionales. Teniendo en cuenta ello, la finalidad del artículo es examinar los saberes, personas expertas y organizaciones que validaron ciertos sentidos verdaderos sobre cómo conceptualizar el amplio universo de la cultura física, la educación física y los deportes. Material y métodos: Para llevar a cabo el análisis hermenéutico, en el marco de una metodología cualitativa, se ha focalizado la atención interpretativa en diversas fuentes documentales, entre las que se destacan las memorias e informes del congreso, la prensa escrita, las exposiciones centrales, las ponencias generales y las memorias vinculadas a otros congresos panamericanos. Asimismo, se han realizado un conjunto de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis ha articulado el ''texto'' junto con las condiciones históricas de producción e interacción del universo indagado. Resultados y conclusiones: Entre las conclusiones, se identifica al congreso como un espacio en el que la disciplina educativa fue interpelada a través de diversos saberes, destacándose los biomédicos, los pedagógicos, los didácticos y los sociológicos. Asimismo, el congreso visibilizó a ciertos sujetos expertos internacionales y a importantes instituciones transnacionales vinculadas al heterogéneo campo de la cultura física.
Abstract Objective: From a socio-historical approach with emphasis on the social history of knowledge and experts, the following scientific work analyzes the XIV Pan American Congress of Physical Education held in Costa Rica in 1993. The paper analyzes the event as a space for sociability, knowledge circulation, legitimation of certain experts, influence, and power of some international organizations. Based on this analysis, the article aims to examine the knowledge, experts, and organizations that validated certain true meanings on how to conceptualize the vast universe of physical culture, physical education, and sports. Material and methods: To conduct the hermeneutical analysis within the framework of a qualitative methodology. Interpretive attention has been focused on various documentary sources, such as memoirs and reports of the congress, the written press, the central exhibitions, the general lectures, and the memories related to other Pan American congresses. Likewise, a set of semi-structured interviews have been carried out. The analysis has articulated the ''text'' with the historical conditions of production and interaction of the investigated universe. Results and conclusion: Among the conclusions, the congress is identified as a space in which the educational discipline was questioned through various types of knowledge, highlighting the biomedical, pedagogical, didactic, and sociological ones. In addition, the congress made visible certain international experts and important transnational institutions linked to the heterogeneous field of physical culture.
Resumo Objetivo: Este trabalho científico analisa, a partir de uma abordagem sócio-histórica com ênfase na história social do conhecimento e dos especialistas, o XIV Congresso Pan-Americano de Educação Física realizado na Costa Rica em 1993. Analisa o evento como espaço de sociabilidade, circulação de saberes, legitimação de certos especialistas, influência e poder de algumas organizações internacionais. O objetivo desse artigo é examinar os saberes, especialistas e organizações que validaram certos significados verdadeiros sobre como conceituar o amplo universo da cultura física, da educação física e do esporte. Material e métodos: Para realizar a análise hermenêutica, a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, a atenção interpretativa tem-se centrado em várias fontes documentais, entre as quais se destacam as memórias e relatórios do congresso, a imprensa escrita, as exposições centrais, as conferências gerais, e as memórias relacionadas a outros congressos panamericanos. Da mesma forma, foi realizado um conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise articulou o ''texto'' às condições históricas de produção e interação do universo investigado. Resultados e conclusão: Dentre as conclusões, o congresso é identificado como um espaço em que a disciplina educacional foi interpretada por meio de diversos saberes, destacando-se o biomédico, o pedagógico, o didático e o sociológico. Da mesma forma, o congresso tornou visíveis alguns especialistas internacionais e importantes instituições transnacionais vinculadas ao heterogêneo campo da cultura física.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Especialización , CongresoRESUMEN
Resumen La realización de actividad física desde la infancia y a lo largo de la vida adulta, permite que se mantenga un perfil de riesgo bajo respecto a numerosos padecimientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las dificultades que generan la inactividad física en niños, para lo cual se contó con una muestra de 2,621 niños y niñas de 13 ciudades del país, 3,754 padres de estos niños, y 134 entrenadores de diferentes escuelas presentes en la República Mexicana. Para obtener la información de esta población, se utilizó un cuestionario de 17 preguntas abiertas y cerradas, el cual fue una adaptación del instrumento: State of Play: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, 2018), mientras que a los padres y madres de familia se les preguntó cuáles consideraban que podrían ser las principales dificultades que enfrentaban para fomentar la actividad física y/o deportiva en sus hijos e hijas, finalmente a sus entrenadores se les preguntaron las razones principales por la que los niños no practican deportes o actividad física. Los resultados mostraron que, en la muestra general de niños, el aspecto principal que genera su inactividad física se relaciona con el cumplimiento de responsabilidades; los padres mencionaron como causa principal la falta de tiempo, y los entrenadores el mal uso de la tecnología.
Abstract Physical activity from childhood and throughout adult life allows a low-risk profile to be maintained compared to many conditions. This study aimed to identify the difficulties that lead to physical inactivity in children. For the study, there was a sample of 2,621 children from 13 cities in the country, 3,754 parents of these children, and 134 coaches from different schools in the Mexican Republic. A questionnaire of 17 open and closed questions was used to obtain children's information; the questionnaire was an adaptation of the instrument State of Play: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, s.f.). Parents were asked what they felt might be the main challenges they had in fostering physical and/or sporting activity in their children. Finally, coaches were asked the main reasons why children do not play sports or physical activity. In the general sample of children, the results showed that the main aspect of their physical inactivity relates to responsibilities; parents mentioned, as the main cause, the lack of time, and coaches reported misused the technology.
Resumo A realização de atividade física desde a infância e ao longo da vida adulta, permite que seja mantido um perfil de baixo risco em relação a muitas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as dificuldades que a inatividade física gera nas crianças, para a qual houve uma amostra de 2.621 crianças de 13 cidades do país, 3.754 eram os pais dessas crianças, e 134 eram treinadores de diferentes escolas presentes na República Mexicana. Para a obtenção das informações das crianças, foi utilizado um questionário com 17 questões abertas e fechadas, que foi uma adaptação do instrumento: Estado do jogo: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, sd), enquanto os pais eram questionados sobre o que eles consideravam ser as principais dificuldades que enfrentavam para promover a atividade física e/ou esportiva entre seus filhos, e finalmente, os treinadores foram questionados sobre os principais motivos pelos quais as crianças não participam de esportes ou atividade física. Os resultados mostraram que, na amostra geral de crianças, o principal aspecto que gera sua inatividade física está relacionado ao cumprimento de responsabilidades; os pais citaram a falta de tempo como a principal causa e o uso indevido da tecnologia pelos treinadores.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Conducta SedentariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students and teachers have transitioned to online learning. The transition required changes in teaching practices to accommodate for an online learning environment. However, there are no studies characterizing physical educators' and school health experts' perspectives on physical education via distance learning or identifying best practices and their implications for student health. METHODS: Using purposive and snowball sampling, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 physical education teachers and school health experts across 21 California school districts on best practices for physical education via distance learning. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) participants felt high quality physical education via distance learning was both critical and possible; (2) strategies for creating a successful distance learning environment included personalization, creativity, and inclusiveness; (3) resources necessary for success included professional development, administrative support, and equipment; and (4) lessons for the long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Participants identified effective strategies, challenges, and recommendations for the future. Participants felt optimistic about their ability to provide quality physical education via distance learning, given the necessary supports, and perceived that they played a critical role in supporting student health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/prevención & control , Educación a Distancia/tendencias , Educación en Salud/tendencias , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , COVID-19/psicología , Curriculum , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Masculino , Maestros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to: 1) examine the maintenance of Physical Education and physical activity during the distance learning time, 2) determine the resources educators are utilizing to deliver PE curricula, and 3) understand the challenges experienced by educators during distance learning. METHODS: A survey was sent to a cohort of school-based fitness assessment software users. Respondents were largely school-based individuals including PE teachers (n = 1789), school (n = 62) and district administrators (n = 64), nurses (n = 3), and "other" (n = 522). RESULTS: Of 2440 respondents, most were from a city or suburb (69.7%), elementary or middle school (72.3%), and had Title 1 status (60.4%), an indicator of low socioeconomic status. Most campuses were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic (97.8%). Of the schools closed during the pandemic, only 2.8% had no prior PE requirements and that increased to 21% during the pandemic. In schools that remained open during the pandemic, 7.7% had no prior PE requirements and this increased to 60.5%. Importantly, 79% of respondents reported that students were either "significantly less" or "somewhat less" physically active during the closure. For closed schools, the most frequently cited challenges included "student access to online learning", "teacher/student communication" and "teacher remote work arrangements". For open schools, the most commonly reported challenges included "social distancing", "access to gymnasium/equipment", and "concern for personal health and wellbeing". CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused important reductions in PE requirements and time engaged in physical activity. Challenges experienced by teachers were identified for closed and open schools.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/prevención & control , Ejercicio Físico , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Maestros/psicología , Estudiantes , Adulto , COVID-19/psicología , Niño , Curriculum , Educación a Distancia , Humanos , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT With the deepening of the national health program, the number of people participating in sports activities is increasing, and the problem of insufficient community sports resources is becoming more and more obvious. It is an effective way of solving the problem of injecting sports resources into the public service system of national fitness, but the process of integration of sports resources and public national fitness service is not smooth. Through expert consultation and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this study analyzed the current situation of university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness, and collected the evaluation of social fitness personnel on the opening of university resources by means of a questionnaire combined with experts' opinions, using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to transform subjective and fuzzy evaluation into objective and specific evaluation points. The research shows that the current level of university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness is low, which shows that the sports resources sharing policy under the national fitness has not been well implemented. The study proposes that the level of sharing of sports resources can be strengthened by the awareness of sharing of sports resources by university leaders and improving the management system. This study is expected to represent a reference for the university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness in the new era.
RESUMO Com o aprofundamento do programa nacional de saúde, o número de pessoas que participam de atividades esportivas está aumentando, e o problema de recursos esportivos comunitários insuficientes está se tornando cada vez mais óbvio. É uma forma eficaz de resolver o problema da introdução dos recursos desportivos sistema público nacional de serviços de educação física, mas o processo de integração dos recursos desportivos e do sistema público nacional de serviços de educação física não é simples. Através de consulta com especialistas e de um método de avaliação abrangente, este estudo analisou a situação atual dos recursos desportivos universitários no sistema nacional de serviços públicos de educação física e procedeu à avaliação dos profissionais de saúde social sobre a abertura dos recursos universitários através de questionário e pareceres de especialistas, utilizando um método de avaliação abrangente e difuso para transformar a avaliação subjetiva e difusa em pontos de avaliação objetivos e específicos. A pesquisa mostra que o nível atual de recursos esportivos universitários no sistema nacional de serviços públicos de educação física é baixo, o que mostra que a política de compartilhamento de recursos esportivos no âmbito nacional de educação física não foi bem implementada. O estudo propõe que o nível de compartilhamento de recursos esportivos pode ser fortalecido através do reforço da consciência dos líderes universitários e da melhoria do sistema de gestão. Espera-se que, através deste estudo, seja possível estabelecer uma referência aos recursos desportivos universitários para o sistema nacional de serviços públicos na área de educação física na nova era.
RESUMEN Con la profundización del programa nacional de salud, aumenta el número de personas que participan en actividades deportivas y el problema de la insuficiencia de recursos deportivos comunitarios se hace cada vez más evidente. Este programa es una forma eficaz de resolver el problema de la inyección de recursos deportivos en el sistema público nacional de educación física, pero el proceso de integrar ambos, los recursos para el deporte y el servicio público nacional de educación física no es sencillo. Por medio de la consulta a expertos y un método amplio de evaluación integral, este estudio analizó la situación actual de los recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema público nacional de educación física. Recopiló la evaluación del personal de esa área sobre el uso de recursos universitarios mediante un cuestionario combinado con opiniones de expertos, utilizando un método de evaluación integral amplia para transformar dicha evaluación subjetiva, en puntos de evaluación objetivos y específicos. La investigación muestra que el nivel actual de recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema de servicio público nacional de educación física es bajo, lo que demuestra que la política de distribución de recursos para el deporte en el marco nacional no se ha aplicado correctamente. El estudio propone que el nivel de distribución de recursos deportivos puede fortalecerse aumentando la conciencia de los líderes universitarios sobre esos recursos y mejorando el sistema de gestión. Se espera que este estudio represente una referencia para el uso de los recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema público nacional de educación física en la nueva era.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Deportes/tendencias , Asignación de Recursos , Servicios Públicos de SaludRESUMEN
Background/Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to review intervention studies in school physical education, with a goal of identifying the gaps and future trends of intervention research in the field of physical education. Methods: A total of 71 quantitative experimental studies were identified by manually examining all the articles published in the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education and Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport from January 1998 to December 2018. All the studies were coded using a coding template. The interrater reliability among three coders exceeded 85%. The frequencies and percentages for each category were calculated as appropriate. Results: Eighty-five percent of experimental studies were guided by a theoretical framework. Interventions used various types of research designs. A variety of dependent variables were measured with the majority of studies focusing on student motivation and psychomotor skills. The intervention length ranged from 5 min to 2 years. Fifty-six percent of studies reported effect sizes. The reported types and strength of effect size varied. Forty-nine percent of them reported an intervention fidelity check. Conclusion: A limited number of experimental studies had been conducted from 1998 to 2018. The rigor of these experimental studies needs significant improvement. More experimental studies with a randomized controlled trial design are needed.
Asunto(s)
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Investigación/tendencias , Predicción , Humanos , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Proyectos de Investigación/normas , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
The conceptual physical education (CPE) innovation began in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to college-level, activity-only basic instruction classes. In addition to physical activity sessions, CPE courses (classes) use text material and classroom sessions to teach kinesiology concepts and principles of health-related fitness and health-enhancing physical activity. CPE courses are now offered in nearly all college programs as either required or electives classes. Two decades later, the high school CPE innovation began, and Kindergarten-8 programs followed. In this commentary, I argue that historian Roberta Park was correct in her assessment that physical education has the potential to be the renaissance field of the 21st century. Scientific contributions of researchers in kinesiology will lead the way, but science-based CPE and companion fitness education programs that align with physical education content standards and fitness education benchmarks will play a significant role. CPE courses have been shown to be effective in promoting knowledge, attitudes, and out-of-school physical activity and have the potential to elevate physical education as we chart the course of our future.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Quinesiología Aplicada/educación , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Aptitud Física , Benchmarking , COVID-19/epidemiología , Educación a Distancia , Predicción , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Alfabetización , Pandemias , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/historia , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/organización & administración , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/normas , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Instituciones Académicas , UniversidadesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has affected people's health worldwide. For college students, web-based physical education is a challenge, as these course are normally offered outdoors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use data from a web-based survey to evaluate the relationship between the mental health status of college students and their sports-related lifestyles. Problems related to web-based physical education were also examined. METHODS: A web-based survey was conducted by snowball sampling from May 8 to 11, 2020. Demographic data, mental health status, and sports-related lifestyles of college students in Wuhan as well as issues related to web-based physical education were collected. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS: The study included 1607 respondents from 267 cities. The average scores of the DASS-21 subscales (2.46 for depression, 1.48 for anxiety, and 2.59 for stress) were significantly lower in our study than in a previous study (P<.05). Lower DASS-21 scores were significantly correlated with regular exercise, maintaining exercise habits during the outbreak of COVID-19, exercising more than 1 to 2 times a week, exercise duration >1 hour, and >2000 pedometer steps (all P<.05). None of the three forms of web-based physical education was preferred by more than 50% of respondents. Frequent technical problems were confronted by 1087/1607 students (67.6%). Shape-up exercises (846/1607, 52.6%), a designed combination of exercises (710/1607, 44.2%), and Chinese kung fu (559/1607, 34.8%) were suggested sports for web-based physical education. CONCLUSIONS: Mental status was significantly correlated with regular exercise and sufficient exercise duration. Professional physical guidance is needed for college students in selected sports. Exercises not meeting students' preferences, frequent technical problems, and the distant interaction involved in web-based physical education were the main problems that should be solved in future.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Salud Mental , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , China , Estudios Transversales , Educación a Distancia/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Internet , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Deportes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This article aimed to systematically review the contribution of physical education (PE) classes to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents; and to define potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. METHODS: Studies were identified from searches in ERIC, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Primary source articles, relating PE classes and CRF, published up to July 2019 in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion. Specific inclusion criteria were: (a) having cross-sectional or longitudinal and observational or interventional study designs; (b) targeting school-aged children or adolescents; (c) measuring CRF, heart rate or CRF test results as an outcome; (d) having statistical analyses of the CRF, heart rate or CRF test results outcomes reported; (e) focusing on PE classes or PE interventions that did not extended time or frequency of the classes; and (f) published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 10 studies have found a neutral effect of PE classes in students' CRF, eight studies found that PE indeed contributed to the improvement of CRF and six studies revealed mixed findings, when PE classes where controlled for others variables (e.g. body mass index, intensity). Higher intensity PE classes consistently demonstrated contributions to improving students' CRF. CONCLUSION: Review findings suggest that PE classes can contribute to the improvement of students' CRF. Intensity, age and weight status were identified as potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. To improve CRF, higher intensity classes should be provided.
Asunto(s)
Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Capacidad Cardiovascular/psicología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/métodos , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Estudiantes/psicologíaRESUMEN
A systematic review of the research conducted on Teaching Games for Understanding in Physical Education in the last six years (2014-2019), updating and expanding with new categories the last published review by Harvey and Jarret in 2014. Four databases were used to select those articles that included information on the implementation of Teaching Games for Understanding in different educational stages. According to PRISMA guidelines and including the PICO strategy after the exclusion criteria, 12 articles were fully assessed based on eight criteria: (1) year and author; (2) country; (3) number of participants, educational level, and duration of implementation; (4) type of research; (5) curricular content; (6) purpose of the research; (7) most relevant results; and (8) learning environment. The results showed how research focuses on both primary and secondary education, primarily in short-term interventions. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed research is used almost equally, and dealt evenly with sports and games, leaving motor skills, physical abilities and body expression underrepresented. Regarding the goals of the studies, motor and cognitive learning were the most frequently assessed, focusing on improvement of game development, such as tactical aspects, decision-making, technical skills or level of physical activity. The implementation of the model is carried out in too short a time to achieve significant outcomes. This review can help researchers and practitioners conduct Teaching Games for Understanding intervention programs in primary and secondary Physical Education. They must be rigorous when they claim that they implement this pedagogical model in schools.
Asunto(s)
Juegos Recreacionales , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Enseñanza/tendencias , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Aprendizaje , Masculino , Destreza Motora , DeportesRESUMEN
Resistance training is becoming more important as an integral part of comprehensive sport training regimens, school physical education classes, and after-school fitness programs. The increasing number of youth who are involved in sport activities, coupled with the health problems of inactivity and being overweight, have resulted in increased interest in resistance training. Secular declines in measures of muscular fitness in modern-day youth highlight the need for participation in youth resistance training for nonathletes as well as athletes. Parents often ask pediatricians to offer advice regarding the safety, benefits, and implementation of an effective resistance-training program. This report is a revision of the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and reviews current information and research on the benefits and risks of resistance training for children and adolescents.
Asunto(s)
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/métodos , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/normas , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/normas , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/tendenciasRESUMEN
El presente artículo surgió de una investigación realizada en 2017-2018, que centró su interés en indagar sobre las prácticas de evaluación en las unidades curriculares de la Licenciatura en Educación Física del Instituto Superior de Educación Física. Nos ocupamos de saber: tipos, fondos y formas empleadas, intentando establecer su relación con el contexto universitario y sus funciones (enseñanza, investigación y extensión). Empleó una metodología de corte mixta, aunque con énfasis cualitativo. Entre los procedimientos de rastreo y búsqueda de información, se recurrió a análisis de documentos, cuestionarios on-line y entrevistas. A pesar de las variadas formas en que se pone en marcha la evaluación, concluimos que los fondos de esta, en el ámbito universitario, remiten en cuestiones epistemológicas asociadas a la reproducción o producción del conocimiento.
This article arose from an investigation carried out in 2017-2018 that focused its interest in the evaluation practices in the curricular units of the degree in Physical Education of the Instituto Superior de Educación Física. We focus on types, funds, and forms used, trying to establish their relationship with the university context and its institutional functions (teaching, research, and extension). A mixed methodology was used, although with an emphasis on qualitative methods. Among the procedures for tracking and searching for information, document analysis, online questionnaires, and interviews were used. In spite of the varied ways in which the evaluation is applied, we conclude that its funds in the university field refer to epistemological issues associated with the reproduction or production of knowledge.
Este artigo corresponde a uma pesquisa realizada em 2017-2018, que focalizou seu interesse em investigar as práticas de avaliação nas unidades curriculares do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física do Instituto Superior de Educación Física. Dedicamo-nos a identificar: tipos, fundos e formas utilizadas, no intuito de estabelecer sua relação com o contexto universitário e suas funções (ensino, pesquisa e extensão). Empregou-se uma metodologia de corte misto, embora com ênfase qualitativa. Entre os procedimentos de levantamento de fontes foram utilizados: a análise de documentos, os questionários on-line e as entrevistas. Apesar das variadas formas em que é desenvolvida a avaliação, concluímos que seus recursos no campo universitário se referem a questões epistemológicas associadas à reprodução ou produção de conhecimento.
Asunto(s)
Evaluación Educacional , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Enseñanza , Universidades , AprendizajeRESUMEN
Abstract COVID-19 outbreak has been dogged the whole world and besides economic damage; this new virus has been collapsing health units worldwide. Many people have been infected and died every day and so far, there are no vaccines or drugs approved to fight off COVID-19. In this sense, many countries have adopted strategies to avoid virus spread during the quarantine. Social isolation has caused psychological impacts and changes in people's routine, thus physical exercise emerges as an alternative to decrease cognitive problems developed by people during the quarantine. The use of technology to guide people during physical education classes has become a great strategy for people who cannot leave their homes. Besides, technology can insert people in an immersive environment increasing their interaction, merriment, improving their immune and cardiovascular systems. Physical education teacher must be considered an essential health professional during this pandemic period because they can guide and stimulate individuals to practice physical exercise routinely, in order to keep and improve their health.
Asunto(s)
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Aislamiento Social , Ejercicio Físico , COVID-19/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
RESUMEN En los últimos años, la neurociencia ha demostrado los beneficios particulares y globales del ejercicio y de la vida activa en la salud de los escolares, ya que enriquecen las redes neuronales, la plasticidad y producción de neurotransmisores que favorecen distintos dominios del comportamiento y condición humana. En este contexto, el objetivo del ensayo es dialogar en función de la importancia de una vida activa en el contexto educativo y de una disciplina que no solo cumple un rol a nivel cerebral o morfofuncional, sino más bien multidimensional, que emerge desde el nivel molecular, celular, cerebral, sistémico, psicológico y social. Por ello, una de las principales conclusiones tiene que ver con la posibilidad de permitir a los y las estudiantes que sean capaces de comprender y reflexionar en función de sus procesos vitales, que posibilitan sus aprendizajes como un continuo armónico entre la organicidad y la cultura, entre vida y lenguaje.(AU)
ABSTRACT In recent years, neuroscience has shown the particular and global benefits of exercise and active life in the health of students. They enrich neural networks, plasticity and production of neurotransmitters that favour different domains of human behavior and condition. In this context, the objective of this essay is to dialogue based on the importance of an active life in the educational field and a discipline that not only plays a role at the brain or morphofunctional level, but rather multidimensional, which emerges from the molecular level, cellular, cerebral, systemic, psychological and social. Because of this, one of the main conclusions is related to the students' possibility of having the ability to understand and reflect processes that enable learning according their own life, as an harmonic continuum between organicity and culture and between life and language.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Neurociencia Cognitiva/educación , AprendizajeRESUMEN
Although there has been forward movement in identifying and addressing diverse learning needs, social justice education is not a significant part of the current standards for beginning teachers or K-12 students in the U.S. Throughout our standards-based history, social justice has been more of a hidden curriculum. To attain the 50 Million Strong by 2029 goal, it is vital to acknowledge that physical education is a social justice issue. Without consideration of the historical, political, and social contexts that permeate and frame physical education, along with the social identities and lived experiences of our future teachers and students, it is unlikely that this goal will be sustained. While concerns have been voiced relative to the standards-based teaching movement, in a country that espouses standards-based education, a first step in moving any educational reform forward is to formalize its inclusion in the national standards that serve to guide our discipline. A philosophical shift may be what is needed for change to occur regarding social justice education in an attempt to enhance the learning opportunities for all students. A forward step in creating this change is to address the research and pedagogical practices of our current physical education teacher education and K-12 programs, along with the physical education standards and policies at the national and state levels. We specifically articulate connections between social justice education and four key, interconnected research areas related to (a) occupational socialization, (b) curriculum, instruction, and assessment, (c) technology, and (d) professional development.
Asunto(s)
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Investigación/tendencias , Justicia Social/tendencias , Curriculum , Tecnología Educacional , Predicción , Humanos , Política Pública , Socialización , Desarrollo de Personal , Formación del Profesorado , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: State policies influence the quantity and quality of educational programs delivered in schools. This study examined state physical education policy changes from 2001 to 2016 by analyzing data reported in The Shape of the Nation Report. METHODS: Policies related to state mandates for physical education, time/credit requirements, assessment and fitness testing requirements, adoption of state standards, and allowance of substitutions were analyzed over 5 editions of the report using repeated measures statistics. RESULTS: A majority of state physical education-related policies have not changed over the past 15 years despite calls by numerous public health agencies for enhanced physical education in schools. There was, however, a significant increase in the number of states adopting teaching standards and requiring assessment and fitness testing in physical education, mirroring a broader shift in education toward standards, assessment, and accountability. CONCLUSIONS: Despite improved rigor in physical education through the adoption of standards and assessment practices, physical education continues to be marginalized in schools by a lack of curricular time and inappropriate substitution policies. Stronger policies are needed for physical education to have a substantial impact on school health.
Asunto(s)
Política de Salud/tendencias , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/organización & administración , Instituciones Académicas/tendencias , Gobierno Estatal , Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/normas , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess trends in South Australian children's physical activity between 1985 and 2003 and 2013 in the contexts of school active transport, organized sport, physical education, and school break times. METHOD: The 1985 Australian Health and Fitness Survey was administered in South Australian schools in 2004 (8 schools) and 2013 (9 schools) and was demographically matched to the 10 South Australian schools in the Australian Health and Fitness Survey. Ordinal logistic modeling was used to identify trends, stratified by older children (10-12 y) and early adolescent (13-15 y) subgroups. RESULTS: School active transport generally declined for males and older female children (19 and 20 percentage points per decade, respectively), whereas early adolescent females increased in walking to school (11 percentage points per decade). School sport participation declined for early adolescents, and club sport participation declined in early adolescent females (23 percentage points per decade). Moderate to vigorous physical activity participation during school break times (particularly lunchtime) generally declined (16-26 percentage points per decade). Observed changes in most contexts occurred between 2004 and 2013. CONCLUSION: There was evidence of context-specific declines in children's physical activity participation over this time span. Early adolescent females were the subgroup of most concern, experiencing declines in most contexts.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Australia del Sur , Deportes/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Transportes , CaminataRESUMEN
The objective of this article is to show, by analyzing the curricula of the professional formation in Physical Education, that it is possible the formation of teachers in Distance Learning Physical Education courses since the act of reflecting before, during and after the pedagogical practice characterizes the quality of contemporary educational development. A qualitative research; the present study consists of an analysis of curricula and Professional Training of Distance Learning in Physical Education, subsidized in bibliographic research. As the traditional teaching model prioritizes the selection of the most skilled in the search for the hero athlete, the pedagogical proposal based on reflection is more interesting since not all students will be or wish to be athletes. In this way, distance learning for teaching in physical education seems to be an excellent educational strategy for our postmodern society.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/tendencias , Educación a Distancia , Formación del Profesorado/métodos , Curriculum/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Abstract Aim: The paper aims to analyse the educational purposes of Physical Education (PE) present in the national documents and programmes created in Brazil and Portugal that are geared towards its teaching in elementary schools. Methods: Since the research is of a theoretical-conceptual, documentary type character, content analysis was used to identify the category matrices of the sources analysed. Results: The results suggest approaches and specific features in skills development which are analysed and discussed based on the scientific production of the area's academic-professional field. The predominance of operational competencies is limited towards practicing PE activities, which is consistent with the pedagogical theory of competency formation. Conclusion: This concept maintains that tacit knowledge and sensory experiences are essential for performance. However, the implementation of cognitive and affective competencies are important tools for performance, particularly with adolescent students.