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1.
J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep ; 12: 23247096241262718, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39044602

RESUMEN

Bartonella species are gram-negative coccobacilli that are globally recognized as significant pathogens causing zoonotic infections. Among Bartonella species, B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. bacilliformis are prominent pathogens causing infections in humans, often manifesting as infective endocarditis. Bartonella endocarditis can pose diagnostic challenges due to its indolent presentation and limitations of standard microbiological culture techniques to identify the organism. We report a case of a 23-year-old male, who initially presented with the manifestations of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, later diagnosed with blood culture-negative endocarditis caused by B. henselae. The patient had a complicated clinical course including pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe aortic valve regurgitation. Despite negative blood cultures, diagnostic clues included persistent fevers and bicuspid aortic valve with abscess. High Bartonella IgG titers (>1:800) supported the diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of considering Bartonella species in patients with suspected endocarditis, particularly in those with predisposing factors and negative blood cultures. Diagnosis relies heavily on serologic assays due to low sensitivity of conventional culture methods. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with antibiotics and surgical intervention for optimal outcomes. Timely recognition and management are crucial to mitigate the high mortality associated with Bartonella endocarditis, and we hope this article offers insight for clinicians.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , Endocarditis Bacteriana , Linfoma de Células T , Humanos , Masculino , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Endocarditis Bacteriana/microbiología , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células T/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células T/diagnóstico , Adulto Joven , Neoplasias del Bazo/complicaciones , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas
2.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 84(3): 474-480, 2024.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38907961

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae and it is under-recognized in adults because it mainly affects children. Clinical course is commonly benign and self-limited; occasionally, there may be systemic involvement. METHODS: Case-series study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Buenos Aires suburbs. Patients older than 15 years diagnosed with CSD over a 5-year period were included (2016-2021). RESULTS: 30 adult patients were analyzed, with a median age of 20.5 years (IQR 17-29), 73% (n = 22) were male; 96% (n = 27) had history of exposure to cats. The most common clinical presentation of CSD was peripheral lymphadenopathy (90%), the average complication rate was 33% (n = 10), 86.7% (n = 26) received antimicrobial therapy, with a median duration of 5 days (IQR 5-10). Outcome was favorable in 83% (n = 25), 16% (n = 5) were lost to follow-up. DISCUSSION: Clinical features of CSD in adults are poorly described in the worldwide literature. Diagnosis can be challenging because the clinical hallmark is regional lymphadenopathy.


Introducción: La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es producida por Bartonella henselae y debido a que afecta principalmente niños, es poco reconocida en adultos. El cuadro evolutivo es generalmente benigno y autolimitado, aunque ocasionalmente puede haber compromiso sistémico. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel del conurbano bonaerense. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 15 años con diagnóstico de EAG en un período de 5 años (2016-2021). Resultados: Se analizaron 30 pacientes adultos, con una mediana de edad de 20.5 años (17-29), el 73% (n = 22) fueron varones. El 96% (n = 27) presentó contacto estrecho con gatos. La presentación clínica más frecuente fue adenopatías periféricas (90%); el porcentaje de complicaciones fue de 33% (n = 10). La indicación de antibioticoterapia fue de 86.7% (n = 26), con una mediana de duración de 5 días (5-10). La evolución fue favorable en el 83% (n = 25), en el 16% (n = 5) se perdió seguimiento. Discusión: La EAG es poco reconocida en adultos; las características clínicas de este grupo etario se encuentran poco descriptas en la literatura. Es un desafío diagnóstico debido a que su forma de presentación más frecuente es la adenopatía localizada.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Humanos , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Linfadenopatía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Argentina , Animales , Gatos
3.
Acta Trop ; 257: 107297, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38914413

RESUMEN

A 26-year-old woman presented an eyelid lesion, after being scratched by a cat that had a similar skin lesion. It evolved into a cervical lymph node enlargement. With a hypothesis of Parinaud´s oculoglandular syndrome (POS) due to cat scratch disease (CSD), doxycycline was prescribed. After two weeks of treatment without improvement, a biopsy and blood sample were obtained. Itraconazole was prescribed and the skin lesion improved, but not the lymph node enlargement. A Sporothrix schenckii complex was isolated from the skin sample. Also, a specie-specific polymerase chain reaction detected Bartonella henselae DNA in her blood sample. Azithromycin was included to treat the bacterial infection, whereupon the lymph node also receded successfully. Sporotrichosis and CSD are zoonoses that can be transmitted to humans by traumatic inoculation due to scratches or bites from cats. Both can evolve with POS. Patients who present skin lesions and/or POS after being wounded by a cat should be investigated for both diseases.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Coinfección , Sporothrix , Esporotricosis , Femenino , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Bartonella henselae/genética , Humanos , Adulto , Sporothrix/aislamiento & purificación , Sporothrix/genética , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Esporotricosis/diagnóstico , Coinfección/microbiología , Animales , Gatos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología
4.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 110(1): 116381, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38901330

RESUMEN

Bartonella henselae is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium and is the primary causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease (CSD). Although the prevalence of CSD is low in the human population, the possibility of developing multi-organ complications, especially in vulnerable individuals, remains a serious cause for concern. The immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is currently one of the most common laboratory tests for the detection of antibodies to B. henselae in serum, however, it has several disadvantages. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique offers a more quantitative, sensitive, and cost-effective alternative to conventional IFAs. Here, we report the purification of a novel bioidentical polyclonal antibody from discarded human serum for use as a standard in ELISAs against B. henselae. This novel method of antibody production overcomes the many limitations of animal-derived antibodies while also offering a more robust, reproducible, and scalable antibody production alternative for the diagnosis of CSD.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Bartonella henselae/inmunología , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Animales , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
5.
Acta Trop ; 257: 107278, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38851625

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The genus Bartonella includes species and subspecies of fastidious, facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacilli that infect a wide variety of mammalian reservoirs including cats and humans. In 2022, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health reported an outbreak of cat scratch disease caused by B. henselae in the city of Guayaquil. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the presence of Bartonella spp. in domestic and stray cats from the area of Guayaquil where the outbreak happened in 2022. METHODS: Whole blood samples of 100 domestic and stray cats were collected. Riboflavin synthase (ribC) and 16S rRNA genes detection was performed by PCR using Bartonella spp. specific primers, followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: 14 cats were positive for Bartonella spp. carriage. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of 12 cats infected with B. henselae and 2 cats with B. clarridgeiae. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of Bartonella spp. carriage in cats in the city of Guayaquil within the area where a recent cat scratch disease outbreak happened. Considering the high presence of cats and other domestic and stray animals in the city of Guayaquil, a One Health approach for surveillance and prevention of zoonotic diseases like cat scratch disease is needed.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Brotes de Enfermedades , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Animales , Gatos , Ecuador/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Bartonella/clasificación , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/epidemiología , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/veterinaria , Masculino , Femenino , Prevalencia
6.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 43(8): 1661-1665, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38913229

RESUMEN

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infection caused by Bartonella henselae, presents with non-specific symptoms like lymphadenopathy, fever, and fatigue. It can progress to disseminated disease, leading to complications such as liver and splenic micro abscesses, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and uveitis. Diagnosis is challenging due to varied presentations and limited tests. Treatment involves supportive care, with severe cases requiring antimicrobial therapy. In this report, we present a case of Cat scratch disease characterized by an atypical clinical manifestation, hepatosplenic and paravertebral involvement.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Humanos , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Adulto
7.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 28(3): 103743, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38697215

RESUMEN

Leprosy reactions are among the main causes of physical disability resulting from an infectious disease and can culminate in irreversible physical disabilities, therefore they should be considered a clinical emergency, as well as the elucidation of its cause. Co-infections are considered one of the main triggering causes of leprosy reactions, aggravating and maintaining these reactions for longer in these patients. After reporting a high rate of Bartonella henselae infection in patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reaction, 19/47 (40.4 %) compared to the control group, 9/50 (18.0 %), p = 0.0149, we conducted this study to observe the rate of infection by Bartonella sp. in a group of patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions. Blood samples from 14 patients with chronic type 1 leprosy reactions were analyzed by molecular and microbiological tests and compared. The results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has a high proportion of B. henselae infection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88. We conclude that these bacteria can trigger chronic leprosy reactions and should be investigated in all chronic leprosy reactions patients. Summary Line: Our results showed that, like patients with chronic type 2 leprosy reactions, this group of patients has the same proportion of B. henselae DNA detection 6/14 (42.9 %), p = 0.88.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , ADN Bacteriano , Humanos , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Coinfección/microbiología , Lepra/microbiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Adulto Joven , Factores de Tiempo , Anciano
8.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(5)2024 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38729657

RESUMEN

Cat-scratch disease is a zoonosis caused by Bartonella henselae, characterised by regional lymphadenopathy. Rarer presentations, such as osteomyelitis, can occur.We present an adolescent girl with severe right lumbar pain and fever, without animal contacts or recent travels. On examination, pain on flexion of torso, movement limitation and marked lordosis were noted, but there were no inflammatory signs, palpable masses or lymph nodes. Serological investigations revealed elevated inflammatory markers. Imaging revealed a paravertebral abscess with bone erosion. Several microbiological agents were ruled out. After a second CT-guided biopsy, PCR for Bartonella spp was positive. At this point, the family recalled having a young cat some time before. Cat-scratch disease was diagnosed, and complete recovery achieved after treatment with doxycycline and rifampicin.Cat-scratch disease is a challenging diagnosis in the absence of typical features. However, B. henselae must be investigated if common pathogens are ruled out and response to therapy is poor.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Osteomielitis , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Humanos , Femenino , Osteomielitis/microbiología , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico , Osteomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteomielitis/etiología , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Gatos , Animales , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
11.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 422, 2024 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649899

RESUMEN

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) and presents as lymphadenopathy following close contact with cats. However, in context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, clinical manifestations of CSD may vary, posing new challenges for healthcare professionals. Here we describe a case of a 54-year-old male with painful left upper arm mass, which gradually resolved until he was infected with COVID-19. The mass then rapidly progressed before admission. Meanwhile, pulmonary symptoms including pleural effusion emerged simultaneously. The cause was undetermined with routine blood culture and pathological test until the next generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the presence of B. henselae. We believe this case is the first to report localized aggravation of CSD after COVID-19 infection and hopefully, offers treatment experience for clinicians worldwide.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , COVID-19 , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/microbiología , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infección Latente , SARS-CoV-2
14.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol ; 46(3): e241-e243, 2024 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38447104

RESUMEN

Patients undergoing therapy for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at risk of infections during their treatment course. Cat scratch disease caused by Bartonella hensalae can masquerade as leukemic relapse and cause systemic infection. Obtaining a thorough exposure history may aid clinicians in making the diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Bartonella henselae , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Linfadenopatía , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras , Humanos , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfadenopatía/etiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos T
17.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0297280, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38346057

RESUMEN

Bartonellosis refers to disease caused by the Bartonella genus of bacteria. The breadth of disease manifestations associated with Bartonella is currently expanding and includes regional lymphadenopathy, rheumatic, ocular, and neurological disorders. The dearth of knowledge regarding diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of this disease can be partially attributed to the lack of a reliable small animal model for the disease. For this study, Bartonella henselae, the most common species associated with human disease, was injected into Swiss Webster (SW) mice. When the outcome indicated that productive infection did not occur, SCID/Beige (immune compromised) mice were inoculated. While SW mice may potentially harbor an acute infection, less than 10 days in length, the SCID/Beige model provided a sustained infection lasting up to 30-days. These data indicate that SCID/Beige mice can provide a model to study Bartonella infection, therapeutics, and vector dynamics in the future.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Ratones SCID , Infecciones por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología
18.
Parasit Vectors ; 17(1): 48, 2024 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38303085

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cats are the primary reservoirs of the bacterium Bartonella henselae, the main cause of cat-scratch disease in humans. The main vector of the bacterium is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. In southeastern Europe, data are lacking on the prevalence of B. henselae infection in cats, the strains of B. henselae involved and the risk factors associated with the infection. METHODS: Blood samples collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-containing tubes from 189 domestic cats (156 pet cats and 33 stray cats) from Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia, and 10 counties throughout Croatia were cultured for Bartonella spp. Following culture, bacterial isolates were genotyped at eight loci after using PCR to amplify 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer region between the 16S and 23S rRNA sequences. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for B. henselae infection in cats. RESULTS: Bartonella spp. was detected in 31 cats (16.4%), and subsequent genotyping at the eight loci revealed B. henselae in all cases. Thirty complete multilocus sequence typing profiles were obtained, and the strains were identified as four sequence types that had been previously reported, namely ST5 (56.7%), ST6 (23.3%), ST1 (13.3%) and ST24 (3.3%), as well as a novel sequence type, ST33 (3.3%). The univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of B. henselae infection in cats residing in coastal areas of Croatia (odds ratio [OR] 2.592, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.150-5.838; P = 0.0191) and in cats with intestinal parasites (OR 3.207, 95% CI 1.088-9.457; P = 0.0279); a significantly lower risk was identified in cats aged > 1 year (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.161-0.787; P = 0.0247) and in cats sampled between April and September (OR 0.325, 95% CI 0.147-0.715; P = 0.005). The multivariate analysis that controlled for age showed a positive association with the presence of intestinal parasites (OR 4.241, 95% CI 1.243-14.470; P = 0.0119) and coastal residence (OR 2.567, 95% CI 1.114-5.915; P = 0.0216) implying increased risk of infection, and a negative association with sampling between April and September (OR 0.379, 95% CI 0.169-0.848; P = 0.018) implying a decreased risk of infection. After controlling for the season, an increased risk of infection remained for the coastal region (OR 2.725, 95% CI 1.200-6.186; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Bartonella henselae is prevalent throughout Croatia and is a public health threat. Environmental and host factors can significantly affect the risk of infection, and these should be explored in more detail. The presence of intestinal parasites highlights the need to eliminate the flea vector, Ctenocephalides felis, as the most effective approach to control infections in cats and humans.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Ctenocephalides , Animales , Gatos , Humanos , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/epidemiología , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/microbiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Croacia/epidemiología , Bartonella henselae/genética , Factores de Riesgo , Ctenocephalides/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología
20.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 24(1): 24, 2024 Jan 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38238693

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To present the clinical characteristics of neuroretinitis in Korea. METHODS: Twelve patients with neuroretinitis between January 2009 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Neuroretinitis was diagnosed based on fundus findings, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography. The serological findings of each patient were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 12 patients (9 male and 3 female), with a mean age of 46.0 ± 10.7 years were included. Of the nine patients who underwent serological testing for Toxocara antibodies, six (66.6%) were positive. One patient had high titers of Toxoplasma immunoglobulins M and G. One patient diagnosed with dengue fever was suspected to have neuroretinitis in both eyes. There were no related abnormalities in the serological findings in four patients (33.3%) out of 12 patients. There were no suspected cases of cat-scratch disease. The six patients who were positive for Toxocara antibodies were older (mean age: 54.5 ± 9.1 years) than the others (mean age: 37.5 ± 4.4 years, p = 0.004). The four patients without any abnormal serological findings were relatively younger (mean age: 35.7 ± 3.0 years) than the other 8 patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 10.1 years, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of neuroretinitis patients were seropositive for Toxocara in the current cohort from Koreans. Causative factors in cases of neuroretinitis may vary according to age and region.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato , Coriorretinitis , Retinitis , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Retinitis/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , República de Corea/epidemiología
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