[Verruciformes Xanthom an der linken Wange bei einer 56-jährigen Patientin - Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge].

The oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare, benign lesion that occurs predominantly in the masticatory region of the oral cavity. The OVX is small, slow growing, and mostly free of clinical symptoms. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, and a viral etiology such as from a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has not been proven. Although primarily observed in healthy individuals, there have been cases in patients with autoimmune diseases and with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The treatment of choice is complete excision of the lesion. This case report showcases a successful surgical removal of an oral verruciform xanthoma on the left buccal mucosa in a 56-year-old patient with GvHD 14 years after allo-genic stem cell transplantation due to a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Comparison of the recurrence rate of different surgical techniques for oral mucocele: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are different surgical techniques to remove Oral mucoceles, including conventional surgery with scalpel, removal of the lesion with CO2 laser, and micro marsupialization. The present systematic review was conducted with the aim of comparing the recurrence rate of different surgical techniques for treatment of the oral mucoceles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search for randomized controlled trials published in English until September 2022 related to different surgical methods for the treatment of oral mucocele was performed in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the recurrence rate of different techniques. RESULTS: Among 1204 papers initially identified, after the removal of duplicate articles and screening of the titles and abstracts, fourteen full-text articles were reviewed. Seven articles comparing the recurrence rate of oral mucocele in different surgical techniques were found. Seven studies were included in qualitative studies, and five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of mucocele recurrence in the micro-marsupialization technique was 1.30 times that of the surgical excision with scalpel technique, which was not statistically significant. The risk of mucocele recurrence in the CO2 Laser Vaporization technique was 0.60 times that of the Surgical Excision with Scalpel technique, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review showed that there is no significant difference between the recurrence rate of surgical excision, CO2 laser and marsupialization techniques for the treatment of oral mucoceles. Although more randomized clinical trials are needed for definitive results.

Analysis of effects and indications of cryosurgery for oral mucoceles.

Cryosurgery is a recognized method for the treatment of mucoceles in the oral cavity. In this study, cryosurgery was used for mucoceles at the lip or buccal mucosa, and the effect and the indication were evaluated clinically. The subjects were patients with a clinical diagnosis of mucocele on the lip or buccal mucosa and who chose cryosurgery after procedures for both surgical excision and cryosurgery for the lesion were explained. Cryosurgery was performed with a freezing device using liquid nitrogen without local anesthesia. Twenty-four patients chose cryosurgery, including seven preschool children. There were no serious adverse events during and after cryosurgery. Healing progress after cryosurgery was not affected by patient age, lesion size, or how long the patients had the lesion. Two cases later underwent surgical excision because cryosurgery was not successful. Twenty-three patients chose surgical excision, one case had a recurrence. The number of younger patients who chose cryosurgery was significantly higher than that who chose surgical excision. This study suggests that cryosurgery is effective for mucoceles of the lip or buccal mucosa and is a simple and safe treatment method, especially for preschool children.

Oro-facial fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: a reconstructive journey.

Oro-facial fibrosis presents a significant disease burden in patients with systemic sclerosis, but there remains no established treatment modality. Autologous fat grafting is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is now increasingly recognised for its regenerative capacity, propagating an expansion of heterogeneous indications beyond volume restoration, including fibrotic diseases such as systemic sclerosis. We present a 42-year-old woman with oro-facial involvement of systemic sclerosis leading to severe limitation in mouth opening and closure, with marked retraction of the lower lip and gingival display. We describe the reconstructive journey over a 12-year period, where the antifibrotic effect of autologous fat grafting served as the basis on which a series of surgical procedures were performed to achieve functional and aesthetic improvement. Autologous fat grafting provides a novel treatment modality for oro-facial skin fibrosis, previously considered a non-treatable disease manifestation of systemic sclerosis.

Diagnosis at different stages of paracoccidioidomycosis with oral manifestation: Report of two cases.

Paracocciodiomycosis (PCDM) is a chronic systemic fungal infection, mainly affecting residents and rural workers, being characterized by a long incubation period, which it can take months or years without clinical manifestations, making diagnosis late and difficult. Depending on the stage of the disease, it can cause sequelae and low quality of life, so its correct diagnosis is of great importance for the accurate treatment. Therefore, the aim of this report is to present two cases of diagnosis of patients with PCDM at different stages, who developed chronic manifestations, pain, clinical involvement of the oral cavity and in one case also presented lung injury with fibrosis, as well as to weight loss, dysphagia and cachexia. Both of patients were treated with antifungal therapy and it was observed total remission of the lesions and no recurrences were detected.

Pediatric sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts: A 20-year institutional review.

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric cystic sublingual masses often present a diagnostic dilemma for practitioners. Though uncommon, dermoid or epidermoid cysts can present in the sublingual space at any age and are often misdiagnosed as an inflammatory pseudocyst (ranula) or lymphatic malformation. Imaging may not always identify the underlying etiology, requiring physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for these relatively rare oral cysts. OBJECTIVES: To describe the presentation and treatment of sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts presenting to a tertiary children's hospital over 20 years. METHODS: A retrospective review of all pathology specimens identified as dermoid or epidermoid cysts within the sublingual space from 1999 to 2019. Patient charts were then reviewed for relevant clinical, imaging, and operative data. RESULTS: Twelve pediatric patients were identified (8 female, 4 male) with a mean age of 7.2 years (SD 5.6). Eighty six percent (6/7) of dermoid cysts were found in female patients, while 60% (3/5) of epidermoid cysts were in male patients. Multiple dermoid and epidermoid cysts were each found in one patient (8%). Two epidermoid cysts presented in the neonatal period. Preoperative diagnosis included nondiagnostic "cystic mass" (33%), ranula (25%), lymphatic malformation (LM) (17%), and dermoid/epidermoid cyst (17%). Two thirds of patients (8/12) underwent imaging, with all receiving either MRI or CT. Although MRI was the most likely to suggest the possibility of a dermoid/epidermoid cyst (2/4), ranula was the most common primary radiographic diagnosis (5/8). One patient underwent sclerotherapy for presumed LM one year prior to surgical excision of the cyst. Eleven patients (92%) underwent intraoral excision, one (8.3%) underwent a combined intraoral/extraoral approach. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this review represents the largest case series of pediatric sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts to date. This series contained higher levels of epidermoid cysts and female patients than previously reported in the literature. Identifying more dermoid cysts in females and epidermoid cysts in males is also a new finding. MRI was superior to CT and US regarding the presence of a dermoid/epidermoid cyst. Frequently misdiagnosed, it is important to consider these relatively rare pathologies when treating children presenting with sublingual masses in order to avoid delayed and/or inappropriate treatment.

Application of Suprafascially Harvested Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap for the Reconstruction of Oral and Maxillofacial Defects.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the suprafascially elevated anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap for reconstructing oral and maxillofacial defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed a retrospective case series of 15 patients who underwent reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects with the suprafascially raised ALT perforator flap from June 2015 through January 2017 at the Second Xiangya Hospital. The flap harvest and the methods for defect reconstruction are described, and the reconstructive efficacy is reported. RESULTS: Of the 15 patients, 12 were men, and 3 were women, with an average age of 49.5 years. Postoperatively, all flaps survived completely, without vascular compromise or major wound complications. All patients were followed for approximately 1 to 37 months, and they were satisfied with the esthetic and functional results of the recipient- and donor- sites after the reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the reduced donor-site complications, satisfactory esthetic and functional results, and high success rate of flap transplantation, the use of suprafascially harvested ALT perforator flap is a good choice for the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects, in cases in which the fascia lata is not needed.

An Orbital Abscess Secondary to Intraoral Impalement.

Penetrating orbital trauma in the pediatric population is rare. Even more unusual is a secondary orbital infection following penetrating trauma. Here we present a highly unusual case of fulminant facial cellulitis with an orbital abscess in an otherwise healthy 3-year-old boy following a penetrating injury to the orbit from a point of entry on the gingiva-buccal sulcus, sustained during a fall while carrying a wooden lollipop stick. Examination of the retina revealed a focal injury at the inferior pole of the globe. The organisms cultured from pus sampled from the abscess and from the discharging intraoral wound revealed the same oral commensals while the MRI revealed a track in continuity with the orbital collection.

Incomplete Cleft Palate, Bifid Tongue, and Oral Hamartomas: A Rare Congenital Anomaly.

Congenital bifid tongue is a rare malformation, which is usually present in association with other oral findings such as cleft palate and tongue mass. The authors present a rare case of congenital bifid tongue together with cleft palate, labial-buccal frenulum deformity, absence of lingual frenulum, and 3 hamartomas in the oral cavity. The authors excised oral hamartomas and repaired the palate and tongue with satisfactory results.

Racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred racehorses after treatment of palatal dysfunction with a laryngeal tie-forward procedure and thermocautery of the soft palate with or without aryepiglottic folds resection.

OBJECTIVE: To assess racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred (NH) racehorses with a definite diagnosis of palatal dysfunction treated with a laryngeal tie-forward procedure (LTF) and soft palate cautery (SPC) with or without transendoscopic laser excision of the aryepiglottic folds (TLEAF) and to determine correlation between performance measures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: National Hunt racehorses treated with LTF, SPC ± TLEAF (n = 44) and nonaffected controls (n = 88). METHODS: Performance was evaluated by using Racing Post ratings (RPR), race earnings (RE), and performance index (PIndex). Affected horses were compared with nonaffected horses. The effect of TLEAF and correlations between measures were analyzed. RESULTS: Racing Post rating, RE and PIndex improved by 50%, 26%, and 12% in treated, and by 50%, 39%, and 24% in control horses, respectively, when measurements were evaluated for the median of three presurgical and postsurgical races. Lower postsurgical performance was detected when five postsurgical races were compared with two presurgical races (P ≤ .03). The number of postsurgical earnings rated at zero was greater in treated horses than in control horses (P < .05). Race earnings and RPR correlated more strongly (r = 0.634-0.796) than PIndex and other measures (r = 0.378-0.692). CONCLUSION: Postsurgical performance of NH racehorses with palatal dysfunction after LTF and SPC ± TLEAF was decreased compared with unaffected controls. The negative effect of TLEAF on performance was detected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Although LTF is widely performed in NH racehorses, it may not be the most efficient treatment for palatal dysfunction.

[Multilayer repair of palatal fistula with an interpositional collagen matrix]. / Reparación multicapa de la fístula palatina con interposición de matriz de colágeno.

OBJECTIVE: Palatal fistula after the repair of cleft palate appears in 7.7-35% of patients. We present two cases of palatal fistula, detailing a multi-layer repair with an interpositional collagen graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patient 1: girl with a cleft palate operated using a Furlow technique. A reintervention was performed due to a Pittsburgh type III fistula. Patient 2: male with cleft palate operated using a Furlow technique. A reintervention was performed due to a type V fistula. RESULTS: We used a multilayer repair with a local rotational flap and the interposition of a collagen matrix between the nasal and oral layers. The suture was reinforced with a fibrin hemostatic adhesive. No recurrence of the fistula after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: The three-layer closure is simple, safe, effective and avoids refistulizations. Interpositional grafts of a resorbable collagen membrane provide a "scaffold" for tissue growth, revascularization and epithelialization of the mucosa.

OBJETIVO: La fístula palatina tras la reparación del paladar fisurado aparece en un 7,7-35% de pacientes. Presentamos dos casos de fístula palatina, detallando la técnica de reparación multicapa con injerto interposicional de colágeno. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Paciente 1: niña con fisura de paladar blando, operada mediante técnica de Furlow. Se programa reintervención por fístula secundaria tipo III de Pittsburgh. Paciente 2: varón con fisura de paladar blando, operado mediante técnica de Furlow. Se programa reintervención por fístula secundaria tipo V. RESULTADOS: Reparación multicapa mediante flap rotacional y matriz de colágeno entre las capas nasal y oral. Refuerzo con adhesivo hemostático de fibrina. Ausencia de recidiva tras 2 años de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: El cierre en tres capas es sencillo y efectivo a la hora de evitar refistulizaciones. Los injertos interposicionales de membrana reabsorbible de colágeno proporcionan un "andamio" para el crecimiento de los tejidos, revascularización y epitelialización de la mucosa.

A case of successful treatment of Fordyce spots with a single insulated microneedle radiofrequency device.

Fordyce spots are ectopic sebaceous glands which typically present as asymptomatic, multiple whitish, or yellowish 1-3-mm sized papules on the lips. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed such as laser, electrical or chemical ablation, and micropunch excision. However, these modalities pose the risk of scarring from inevitable surface damage. In this report, we present a case of Fordyce spots which was successfully treated with intralesional electrocoagulation using a proximally insulated microneedle and monopolar radiofrequency device, resulting in marked cosmetic improvements without surface damage.

Oral lichen sclerosus: a rare case and update.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that often affects the anogenital area; oral mucosal lesions are extremely rare. A 52-year-old woman presented for evaluation of an 8-year history of a persistent whitish plaque in the buccal mucosa. Intraoral examination revealed multiple elevated whitish plaques diffusely distributed in the buccal mucosa associated with an area of tissue atrophy. Although both leukoplakia and lichen planus were considered, incisional biopsy and later, full excision confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of oral LS. After 6 months of follow-up, there are no clinical signs of relapse. This case highlights the importance of clinical and histopathological findings for the correct diagnosis and treatment of oral LS.

Medicamentos en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico y su repercusión en Estomatología / Medicine use in surgery risk patients and repercussion in Dentistry

RESUMEN • Introducción: Con el envejecimiento creciente de la población, la práctica estomatológica exige la utilización del conocimiento para identificar y tratar pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas cada vez más frecuentes, lo cual puede requerir el uso de medicamentos capaces de interactuar con el tratamiento farmacológico de su enfermedad de base. La literatura refleja esta relación de manera fragmentada y carente de un enfoque sistémico. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura el uso de medicamentos en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico y describir su repercusión durante el tratamiento estomatológico. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y se consultaron artículos científicos, tesis de titulación de especialistas, maestrías y doctorales entre otras referencias principalmente de los últimos 5 años mediante Google. Desarrollo: Se abordan las generalidades, manejo estomatológico y las interacciones medicamentosas de cada una de las enfermedades a estudiar (Diabetes Mellitus, hipertensión arterial y cardiopatía), así como las situaciones que requieren profilaxis antibiótica. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico utilizan medicamentos que producen interacciones importantes con fármacos como AINES, anestésicos locales y glucocorticoides que habitualmente se emplean en los tratamientos estomatológicos; existen además enfermedades sistémicas en las cuales hay que tener en cuenta la profilaxis antibiótica antes de realizar determinados procederes estomatológicos.

ABSTRACT • Introduction: With the growing of population aging, the dental practice requires the adequate knowledge to identify and treat patients with increasingly frequent systemic diseases, which may require the use of drugs capable of interacting with the pharmacological treatment of their underlying diseases. The literature reflects this relationship in a fragmented manner and lacking a systemic approach. Objective: To identify the drugs used in risk patients undergoing surgery and describe their repercussion during dental treatment. Material and Method: A bibliographic review was carried out. Scientific articles, specialists´ theses, Master´s and PhD degrees among other references were consulted, mainly the ones obtained from the search carried out in Google during the last 5 years. Results: The generalities, dental management and drug interactions between the diseases studied (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and heart disease) were addressed, as well as the situations that require antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusions: The surgical risk patients studied use drugs that produce important interactions with drugs such as NSAIDs, local anesthetics and glucocorticoids that are usually used in dental treatments. There are also systemic diseases in which antibiotic prophylaxis must be taken into account before performing certain dental procedures.

A histological evaluation of the surgical margins from human oral fibrous-epithelial lesions excised with CO2 laser, Diode laser, Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgical scalpel and cold scalpel.

BACKGROUND: We aim to evaluate the presence of histological artefacts in the surgical margins of human oral fibro-epithelial hyperplasias excised with lasers of different wavelengths, and also electrosurgical scalpel and cold scalpel. Moreover, we aim to determine if some of these instruments could impair the normal histological diagnosis of these lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 130 consecutive surgical samples of 80 females and 50 males (mean age of 53.82±16.55) with a histological diagnosis of an oral benign fibrous-epithelial hyperplasias. The samples were categorized into 6 groups according to the type of instrument used: CO2 laser group, diode laser group, Er:YAG laser group, Nd:YAG laser group, electrosurgical scalpel group and cold scalpel group. Histological instrument-induced changes were microscopic evaluated and related with clinical and pathological variables. RESULTS: The instrument with highest tissue damage extension (TDE) was the electrosurgical scalpel (1002.2µm±434.92), followed by diode laser (913.73 µm±322.45), Nd:YAG (899.83µm±327.75), CO2 laser (538.37µm±170.50), Er:YAG laser (166.47µm±123.85), and at last with fewer alterations the cold scalpel group (2.36µm±7.27) (P < 0.001). The most regular incision was observed in CO2 laser group, followed by Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgical scalpel and diode laser group with the less regular incision using cold scalpel as comparison (P < 0.001). A correlation was found between the incision score and TDE (P < 0.001). Regarding histological diagnosis, no case showed any limitation of diagnosis related with the use of any instrument evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that lasers can be used for the excision of oral benign fibrous-epithelial hyperplasias, without hispathological diagnosis limitations, as long as the physical properties of each laser are known and respected. Er:YAG laser have shown to be a laser with few tissue damage extension and with good incision regularity, been a possible instrument of choice for the surgical removal of these lesions.

Surgical removal for khat inducible verruca vulgaris lesion of the oral mucosa.

The harmful effects of khat chewing on the oral mucosa membrane are still uncertain. Verruca vulgaris (common warts) is a benign lesion of skin and mucous membranes and can be caused by human papillomavirus. The lesions are typically self-limited but may vary in size and number. The occurrence on the floor of mouth is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, there are few number of oral lesions reported in connection with khat users. This case report shows that the chronic khat chewing has contributed to the development of verruca vulgaris warts that were confined to the chewing side of the mouth. A rare case of verruca vulgaris of the floor of mouth occurring in a 27-year-old Yamani male is presented with a discussion on etiopathogenesis and the treatment methods. Verruca vulgaris must be remembered in the differential diagnosis of the floor of mouth lesions, and surgical treatment may provide satisfactory outcomes.

Knowledge of final-year medical students about oral and maxillofacial surgery: a two-centre study.

The aim of this study was to assess the exposure of final-year medical students to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and to find out how this has influenced them in terms of recruitment or possible future referral patterns. We sent questionnaires to final-year students at Oxford University and St George's University medical schools (n=100 in each) to find out how much experience they had had of the specialty, their knowledge of disease (through clinical situations), and specific knowledge about oral cancer. In both, exposure to, and knowledge about, OMFS were poor, and patients had been referred inappropriately to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) or plastic surgery. Despite targeted teaching in OMFS at both institutions, further engagement is needed, and awareness of the specialty may need to be improved at all medical schools.

Clinical Efficacy and Patient Perceptions of Pyogenic Granuloma Excision Using Diode Laser Versus Conventional Surgical Techniques.

The use of laser in oral surgery and periodontology is a matter of debate, mainly because of the lack of consensual therapeutic protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical advantages of diode laser versus traditional surgery with a cold blade for the surgical excision of pyogenic granuloma (PG). Twenty-one patients (10 males, 11 females, aged 19-66 years; mean age: 46.5 years), requiring PG excision, were enrolled in the study. Through a randomized clinical trial design, all patients were randomly subjected to PG surgical excision with either diode laser or cold blade. Parameters analyzed were the speed of incision, time of intervention, intraoperative bleeding, number of stitches, and patient compliance. Histologic examination was performed before and after surgical excision of the lesions. Patients compiled a subjective evaluation questionnaire. Both treatments were successful in surgical excision of PG. However, the mean speed of incision was significantly reduced in diode laser group (0.61 ±â€Š0.29 mm/s) compared with cold blade group (1.47 ±â€Š1.23 mm/s) (P < 0.05). The mean lengths of time for the whole surgical intervention were significantly lower in diode laser group (221.15 ±â€Š220.89 s) compared with cold blade group (316.10 ±â€Š248.69 s) (P < 0.05). Moreover, diode laser induced a reduced intrasurgical bleeding, and a better gingival healing compared with cold blade surgical treatment. This study demonstrated that the use of diode laser showed additional advantages compared with cold blade in terms of less postoperative discomfort and pain for surgical removal of PG.