RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patient safety is essential in small animal anaesthesia. This study aimed to assess anaesthesia-related deaths in cats worldwide, identify risk and protective factors and provide insights for clinical practice. METHODS: A prospective multicentre cohort study of 14,962 cats from 198 veterinary centres across different countries was conducted. Data on anaesthesia-related deaths, from premedication up to 48 hours postextubation, were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyse patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, procedure type and anaesthetic drugs. RESULTS: The anaesthesia-related mortality was 0.63%, with 74.5% of deaths occurring postoperatively. Cats with cachexia, a higher ASA status or who underwent abdominal, orthopaedic/neurosurgical or thoracic procedures exhibited elevated mortality. Mechanical ventilation use was associated with increased mortality. Mortality odds were reduced by the use of alpha2-agonist sedatives, pure opioids in premedication and locoregional techniques. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include non-randomised sampling, potential biases, unquantified response rates, subjective death cause classification and limited variable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Anaesthetic mortality in cats is significant, predominantly postoperative. Risk factors include cachexia, higher ASA status, specific procedures and mechanical ventilation. Protective factors include alpha2-agonist sedatives, pure opioids and locoregional techniques. These findings can help improve anaesthesia safety and outcomes. However, further research is required to improve protocols, enhance data quality and minimise risks.
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Anestesia , Gatos , Animales , Anestesia/veterinaria , Anestesia/efectos adversos , Anestesia/mortalidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Anestésicos/efectos adversos , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidadRESUMEN
The utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic markers in Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infections has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate these leukocyte ratios in retrovirus-positive cats and to evaluate their prognostic value for survival. This retrospective case-control study included 142 cats, 75 FIV-Antibodies (Ab)-positive, 52 FeLV-Antigen (Ag)-positive, and 15 FIV-Ab+FeLV-Ag-positive, and a control population of 142 retrovirus-negative age-, sex-, and lifestyle-matched cats. Signalment, complete blood count at the time of serological testing, and outcome were recorded. Leukocyte ratios were compared within the same case-control population, among the three retrovirus-seropositive populations, and were related to survival time. No significant difference was found in NLR, MLR, or PLR between FIV-Ab-positive and FIV-Ab+FeLV-Ag-positive cats and their cross-matched controls. In the FeLV-Ag-positive population, MLR was significantly lower than in the control population (0.05 and 0.14, respectively, P=0.0008). No ratio discriminated among the three infectious states. No ratio was significantly different between survivors and non-survivors in the population of FIV-Ab-positive cats. MLR at diagnosis was significantly higher in FeLV-Ag-positive cats that died 1-3 years after diagnosis than in FeLV-Ag-positive cats still alive at 3 years (P=0.0284). None of the three ratios could predict retroviruses-positive cats that would survive to the end of the study. Overall the results indicate that NLR, MLR, and PLR are not significantly different among retrovirus statuses evaluated and had a very limited prognostic value for the survival time in retrovirus-positive cats.
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Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Gatos , Animales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Pronóstico , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Retroviridae/mortalidad , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/sangre , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/mortalidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/virología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Biomarcadores/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to generate the first life tables for the UK companion cat population overall as well as broken down by sex and breed status, and to quantify associations between mortality and traits such as sex, neuter status, breed status and body weight in relation to mortality. METHODS: Life table construction and modelling included data on 7936 confirmed deaths in cats under primary veterinary care at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme in 2019. The life tables were built for cats overall, female and male cats, and crossbred and purebred cats. Multivariable generalised linear regression models were generated to explore the risk factors for a shortened lifespan. RESULTS: Life expectancy at age 0 for UK companion cats overall was 11.74 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.61-11.87). The probability of death at each year interval increased with age from year interval 3-4, with the probability value not exceeding 0.05 before year 9. Female cats (12.51 years; 95% CI 12.32-12.69) had a 1.33-year longer life expectancy than male cats (11.18 years; 95% CI 11.01-11.38) at age 0. Among the 12 breeds (including crossbred) analysed, Burmese and Birman had the longest life expectancy at year 0, showing 14.42 years (95% CI 12.91-15.93) and 14.39 years (95% CI 12.87-15.91), respectively. Sphynx had the shortest life expectancy at year 0 among the analysed breeds at 6.68 years (95% CI 4.53-8.83). Being entire, purebred and with a non-ideal body weight were significantly linked to a decreased lifespan. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The life tables presented here for companion cats in the UK overall, by sex, and by crossbred and purebred cats can contribute to a better understanding of the life trajectory of cats, helping with evidence-based decision-making for cat owners and the veterinary profession. We have also provided an updated life expectancy at age 0 for various cat breeds for 2019 and showed evidence of the association between non-ideal weight and a decreased lifespan.
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Esperanza de Vida , Tablas de Vida , Animales , Gatos , Masculino , Femenino , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Myeloma-related disorders (MRDs) are rare and poorly documented neoplasms of cats. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging findings, response to treatment, and survival time and to identify factors associated with shorter outcomes in cats with MRD. ANIMALS: Fifty cats with a diagnosis of MRD. METHODS: Cats with paraproteinemia confirmed by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and either intramedullary plasmacytosis >10%, marked cytonuclear atypia with intramedullary plasmacytosis that ranged between 5% and 10%, or cytologically or histologically confirmed visceral infiltration were retrospectively included from several veterinary referral centers. RESULTS: Bone marrow plasmacytosis and splenic or hepatic involvement were present in 17/27 cats (63%), 36/42 cats (86%), and 27/38 cats (71%), respectively. Anemia was reported in 33/49 cats (67%) and thrombocytopenia in 16/47 cats (34%). Some of the treatments that the cats received included melphalan and prednisolone (n = 19), cyclophosphamide and prednisolone (n = 10), chlorambucil and prednisolone (n = 4), prednisolone (n = 4), or other (n = 4). The overall response rates to melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil in combination with prednisolone were 87%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Adverse events to melphalan or cyclophosphamide occurred in 65% and 23% of cats, respectively. Median survival time was 122 days (range, 0-1403) and was not significantly associated with chemotherapy protocol. Anemia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-9.8) and thrombocytopenia (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0) were risk factors for shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Our study confirmed the guarded prognosis of MRD in cats and identified risk factors for shorter survival times.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Mieloma Múltiple , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Animales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Mieloma Múltiple/veterinaria , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Pronóstico , Melfalán/uso terapéutico , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Anemia/veterinaria , Anemia/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Coronavirus , Chipre , Coronavirus/genética , Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Coronavirus/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Virulencia , Animales , Gatos , Perros , ARN Viral , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
The importance and implications of small animal neonatology were underestimated until recent times. Despite the recent increasing interest for this branch of veterinary medicine, however, perinatal mortality rates in canine and feline species remain high, representing an important challenge for the clinician. In this perspective, the prompt identification of newborns requiring additional and tailored assistance becomes a key to reduce the perinatal losses in small animals. To achieve this goal, clinical and laboratory findings must be carefully evaluated. This paper focuses on biochemical parameters and their reported influence on neonatal survival, guiding through the evaluation of canine and feline newborn laboratory analyses, with a thorough discussion about the use of different biological material in these subjects. Beside blood, other biological material, such as urines and fetal fluids proved to be interesting for the identification of possible prognostic markers, thanks also to their easy and safe collection. However, the correct reading-through the results must consider many variables such as type of delivery, anesthesia protocol in case of Caesarean section, age of the newborn at samples collection, and for blood analysis, also the type of blood, site of collection, modality of collection and storage must be considered. Notwithstanding the recent progress in literature, for most of the parameters more research is needed to define cut-off values with certainty.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Femenino , Embarazo , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Cesárea/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Feto , Animales Recién NacidosRESUMEN
Numerous studies have described the prognostic factors of canine and feline mammary carcinomas (MCs), that is, variables that predict patient survival after diagnosis. But how does survival estimation evolve in patients that escaped early death from their cancer? In human oncology, conditional survival (CS), the probability of surviving X further years when cancer patients have already survived Y years, is used to analyse cancer outcomes in a long-term perspective. In this cohort of 344 dogs and 342 cats with surgically removed stage I to III invasive MCs, with a minimal follow-up of 2 years, we calculated the 1-year CS, that is, the probability for patients that have survived 1 year, to survive or to die from cancer during the subsequent year. The 1-year conditional specific survival probabilities were 59% and 48% at diagnosis of invasive MC respectively in dogs and cats, and 80% and 52% in 1-year surviving dogs and cats respectively, suggesting that 1-year surviving dogs were relatively protected from cancer-related death, whereas feline MCs remained life-threatening cancers for longer periods of time. Among the most significant parameters associated with CS in surviving dogs and cats were the nodal stage and lymphovascular invasion, as well as patient age, cancer stage and margin status in surviving dogs. By comparison, tumour size and the histological grade did not significantly alter CS probabilities in surviving dogs and cats. Conditional survival may be considered a very interesting tool for veterinary practitioners to estimate the likely outcome of cancer survivors.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/mortalidad , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , SobrevidaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has not been well described in cats. The aim of this study was to describe the signalment, clinical findings, and outcome for cats with SVT versus cats with atrial fibrillation (AF). ANIMALS: Forty-four client owned cats are included in the study. 23 cats with SVT and 21 with AF. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. Clinical characteristics were compared between groups using a two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to assess for impact of rhythm diagnosis, presence of ventricular arrhythmia, left atrial diameter, heart rate and congestive heart failure (CHF) status on cardiac death. Differences in survival between groups were compared using Mantel-Cox logrank comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Cats with supraventricular arrhythmias most commonly presented with respiratory distress (10 of 44 cats). Cats with AF had a slower median heart rate (220 [range: 180-260 beats per minute (bpm)] compared with cats with SVT (300 [range: 150-380] bpm, p < 0.001). All cats with AF had structural heart disease, whereas 4 cats with SVT had no structural abnormalities. Left atrial diameter was significantly larger in cats with AF (23.7 (16.2-40.1) mm compared with 19.1 (12.8-31.4) mm in SVT cats; p = 0.02). Median survival was 58 days (1-780) in cats with AF and 259 days (2-2295) in cats with SVT (p = 0.1). Cats with signs of CHF had a shorter survival time (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most cats with AF or SVT have advanced structural heart disease. Some cats with SVT had structurally normal hearts, suggesting that SVT in cats is not always a consequence of atrial enlargement.
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Fibrilación Atrial/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Supraventricular/veterinaria , Animales , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Gatos , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Inglaterra , Femenino , Masculino , Registros/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Taquicardia Supraventricular/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The microenvironment within solid malignant tumors, including feline mammary gland carcinomas (FMGCs), is commonly hypoxic, possibly due to the lack of functional blood vessels in rapidly proliferating neoplastic tissue. Malignant cells can undergo genetic and adaptive changes that prevent them from dying due to oxygen deprivation through expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, HIF-1α and VEGF are ideal biomarkers for cancer therapy and prognostic evaluation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in feline mammary carcinomas and analyze their correlations with clinical and pathological factors, such as clinical stage, histologic grading, regional metastasis, and overall survival rate. RESULTS: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples collected from 72 cats with FMGCs were retrospectively studied. Histologic pattern and histologic grading (Elston and Ellis grading system) of these FMGCs were determined. Our data indicated that grade II tubulopapillary carcinomas (43/72, 59.7%) prevailed in this study, and most FMCGs showed apparent necrosis, squamous metaplasia, and intratumoral stromal response. According to the results of immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs), HIF-1α and VEGF overexpressions were respectively noted in 69.4% (50/72) and 77.8% (56/72) of FMGC cases. Chi-square test showed no correlation of HIF-1α overexpression with clinical and pathological factors. VEGF overexpression was significantly correlated with histologic pattern (p = 0.021), stromal response (p = 0.048), squamous metaplasia (p = 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.007). However, neither HIF-1α nor VEGF overexpression was correlated with histologic grading and metastasis. Of 38 cats with 1-year follow-up, IHC stainings of HIF-1α and VEGF were performed on whole tissue sections. The results showed that overexpression of HIF-1α was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate (p < 0.05) (log-rank test), whereas there was no significant correlation between VEGF overexpression and overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the overexpression of HIF-1α may indicate poor prognosis/overall survival rate in cats with FMGCs. Developing compounds that inhibit HIF-1α may be a potential approach to FMGC treatment.
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Carcinoma/veterinaria , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/genética , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Animales , Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Carcinoma/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/genética , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/patología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Treatment of epithelial sinonasal tumours in cats is not commonly reported. In the newer reports, palliative radiation protocols have been described more often than definitive-intent protocols. In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we included 27 cats treated with single-modality radiotherapy. Cats were irradiated using 10 daily fractions of 4.2 Gy. Three cats (11.1%) experienced a complete clinical response and 17 (63%) had a partial clinical response. Stable clinical disease was noted in three cats (11.1%). Four cats (14.8%) showed progression within 3 months following treatment. The median time to progression for all cases was 269 days (95 % confidence intervals [CI]: 225; 314). The proportion of cats free of progression at 1 and 2 years was 24% (95% CI: 22%; 26%) and 5% (95% CI: 5%; 6%), respectively. None of the prognostic factors evaluated were predictive of outcome (anaemia, tumour volume at the time of staging, modified Adams stage, intracranial involvement, facial deformity, epistaxis, inappetence or weight loss). Median overall survival (OS) for all deaths was 452 days (95% CI: 334; 571). The proportion of cats alive at 1 and 2 years was 57% (95% CI: 37%; 77%) and 27% (95% CI: 25%; 29%), respectively. Surprisingly, cats with epistaxis had a longer median OS of 828 days (95% CI: 356; 1301) compared to 296 days (95% CI: 85; 508) in cats without epistaxis, (P = .04, Breslow). Radiation therapy used as a single modality for the treatment of feline sinonasal carcinoma improved clinical signs and was well tolerated but progression within a year was common.
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Carcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/radioterapia , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/veterinaria , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/veterinaria , Animales , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Carcinoma/patología , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Gatos , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/patología , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/radioterapia , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/mortalidad , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/radioterapia , Portugal/epidemiología , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Radioterapia/métodos , Radioterapia/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , SobrevidaRESUMEN
Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are highly malignant. As the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are short, prognostication is crucial. Copy-number variations (CNVs) analysis by next-generation sequencing serves to identify critical cancer-related genomic regions. Thirty-three female cats with FMCs were followed during two years after surgery. Tumours represented tubulopapillary and solid carcinomas encompassing six molecular subtypes. Regardless of the histopathological diagnosis, molecular subtypes showed important differences in survival. Luminal A tumours exhibited the highest DFS (p = 0.002) and cancer-specific OS (p = 0.001), and the lowest amount of CNVs (p = 0.0001). In contrast, basal-like triple-negative FMCs had the worst outcome (DFS, p < 0.0001; and OS, p < 0.00001) and were the most aberrant (p = 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, copy-number losses (CNLs) in chromosome B1 (1-23 Mb) harbouring several tumour-repressors (e.g. CSMD1, MTUS1, MSR1, DBC2, and TUSC3) negatively influenced DFS. Whereas, copy-number gains (CNGs) in B4 (1-29 Mb) and F2 (64-82.3 Mb) comprising epithelial to mesenchymal transition genes and metastasis-promoting transcription factors (e.g. GATA3, VIM, ZEB1, and MYC) negatively influenced DFS and cancer-specific OS. These data evidence an association between specific CNVs in chromosomes B1, B4 and F2, and poor prognosis in FMCs.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/genética , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Femenino , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/veterinaria , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/patología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe a series of cats suffering from thoracic dog bite wounds, in order to detail the clinical, radiographic and surgical findings, and evaluate outcomes and factors associated with mortality. METHODS: The medical records of cats with thoracic dog bite wounds presenting to a single institution between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Data relating to clinical presentation, wound depth and management, radiographic findings, surgical findings and mortality were collected. Wound depth was defined as no external wound, superficial, deep or penetrating, and wound management was defined as conservative, exploratory or thoracic exploration. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the χ2 test. RESULTS: Twenty-two cats were included, of which two were euthanased on presentation. In cats where wound depth could be assessed (21/22), six had no external wounds, four had superficial wounds, three had deep wounds and eight suffered penetrating wounds. Sixteen cats also suffered wounds elsewhere, most commonly to the abdomen. Neither an abdominal wound nor abdominal surgery were associated with mortality. Pneumothorax was the most common radiographic finding (11/18). Individual radiographic lesions were not significantly associated with respiratory pattern, presence of pseudo-flail, need for thoracotomy or lung lobectomy, or survival. The presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions was associated with the presence of a penetrating wound (P = 0.025) and with having thoracic exploration (P = 0.025). Local exploration was performed in 7/20 cats, while 8/20 underwent thoracic exploration. Wound management type was not significantly associated with mortality. Overall mortality rate was 27%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Presence of ⩾3 radiographic lesions should raise suspicion of a penetrating injury and may be suggestive of injury requiring a greater level of intervention. The treating veterinarian should have a high index of suspicion for penetrating injury and be prepared in case thoracic exploratory surgery is necessary, particularly in the presence of pseudo-flail chest, pneumothorax or ⩾3 radiographic lesions.
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Mordeduras y Picaduras , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Traumatismos Torácicos , Heridas Penetrantes , Animales , Mordeduras y Picaduras/epidemiología , Mordeduras y Picaduras/mortalidad , Mordeduras y Picaduras/cirugía , Mordeduras y Picaduras/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Gatos , Perros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Traumatismos Torácicos/epidemiología , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidad , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirugía , Traumatismos Torácicos/veterinaria , Heridas Penetrantes/epidemiología , Heridas Penetrantes/mortalidad , Heridas Penetrantes/cirugía , Heridas Penetrantes/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence published on the treatment of idiopathic chylothorax (IC) in small animals. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic literature review. SAMPLE POPULATION: Dogs and cats with IC. METHODS: A literature search was performed in three bibliographic databases in July 2018 for publications on IC in dogs and cats. Articles meeting criteria for inclusion were evaluated for treatment, survival, outcome data, and level of evidence (LoE) with a modified Oxford Level of Evidence (mOLE) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system. RESULTS: Eleven of 313 identified articles met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was identified in dogs as having higher LoE by using the mOLE system, whereas no study was identified as such in either species with the GRADE system. Surgery was the primary treatment in all dogs and in 93% (68/73) of cats. Medical therapy was the primary treatment in 7% (5/73) of cats. The most common surgical treatment combined thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and subtotal pericardiectomy (SP; 40%; 34/84) in dogs and TDL in cats (51% [37/73]). CONCLUSION: The body of literature for IC treatment in small animals was limited to one higher LoE study in dogs and none in cats. No strong conclusion could be drawn regarding the effectiveness of any one surgical method in dogs or cats, and no evidence was found to support medical therapy as a primary treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The best available evidence regarding the treatment of IC is published in dogs and provides some support for surgical treatment with either TDL + cisterna chyli ablation or TDL + SP. Additional evidence is required to confirm this finding.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Quilotórax/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Conducto Torácico/cirugía , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Gatos , Quilotórax/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Perros , Ligadura/métodos , Ligadura/veterinaria , Pericardiectomía/métodos , Pericardiectomía/veterinaria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to classify the indications, risks, effects on coagulation times and outcomes of cats receiving fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions in clinical practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of FFP transfusions administered in two referral hospitals from 2014 to 2018. Transfusion administration forms and medical records were reviewed. Information was collected on indication, underlying condition, coagulation times and signs of transfusion reactions. Seven-day outcomes after FFP administration were also evaluated when available. RESULTS: Thirty-six cats received 54 FFP transfusions. Ninety-four percent of cats were administered FFP for treatment of a coagulopathy. Twenty cats had paired coagulation testing before and after FFP administration. Eighteen of these cats had improved coagulation times after receiving 1-3 units of FFP. Eight of the 36 cats had probable transfusion reactions (14.8% of 54 FFP transfusions). These reactions included respiratory signs (n = 4), fever (n = 2) and gastrointestinal signs (n = 2). Five of the eight cats with probable reactions had received packed red blood cells contemporaneously. Overall mortality rate during hospitalization was 29.7%, with 52.8% (n = 19/36) of cats confirmed to be alive 7 days after discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This retrospective study shows that FFP transfusions improve coagulation times in cats. Transfusion reactions are a risk, and risk-benefit ratios must be measured prior to administration and possible reactions monitored. In the study cats, the FFP transfusions appeared to be a tolerable risk given the benefit to prolonged coagulation times.
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Transfusión Sanguínea/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Plasma , Reacción a la Transfusión/veterinaria , Animales , Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Gatos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reacción a la Transfusión/clasificación , Reacción a la Transfusión/epidemiología , Reacción a la Transfusión/mortalidad , Washingtón/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) causes clinical signs such as stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria, vocalisation and periuria, and is often associated with recurring episodes. The primary objective of this study was to survey the long-term course of cats presenting with FLUTD in terms of recurrence rate and mortality. METHODS: Data from cats that were presented with lower urinary tract signs from 2010 to 2013 were collected by telephone interview with cat owners, using a questionnaire. The observation period ranged from the first presentation due to FLUTD to the telephone interview or the cat's death. Data on diagnoses, recurrence of clinical signs and disease-free intervals, as well as implementation and impact of prophylactic measures (PMs), were collected and compared between groups with different aetiologies. RESULTS: The study included 101 cats. Fifty-two cats were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis, 21 with urolithiasis and 13 with bacterial urinary tract infection; 15 had no definitive diagnosis. Of the 86 cats with a known diagnosis, the recurrence rate was 58.1%, with no significant difference between groups. Twenty-one cats had one relapse, 12 had two relapses, 10 had three and seven had four to eight relapses within a median observation period of 38 months (range 0.5-138 months). Fourteen cats suffered from different causes of FLUTD at different episodes. Mortality due to FLUTD among all 101 cats was 5.0%. The recurrence rate in cats with urolithiasis receiving at least two PMs was significantly lower than the recurrence rate in those without PMs (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: More than half of the cats with FLUTD presented with two or more recurrent episodes irrespective of the identified aetiology. Cats should be thoroughly investigated at each presentation as it cannot be presumed that the cause of FLUTD is the same at different episodes. The mortality due to FLUTD is lower than previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/etiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Gatos , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Incidencia , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Recurrencia , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología , Infecciones Urinarias/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic knowledge regarding noncardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats (AH) and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (pHCM) is limited, hindering development of evidence-based healthcare guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To characterize/compare incidence rates, risk, and survival associated with noncardiovascular and all-cause mortality in AH and pHCM cats. ANIMALS: A total of 1730 client-owned cats (722 AH, 1008 pHCM) from 21 countries. METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter, longitudinal, cohort study. Long-term health data were extracted by medical record review and owner/referring veterinarian interviews. RESULTS: Noncardiovascular death occurred in 534 (30.9%) of 1730 cats observed up to 15.2 years. Proportion of noncardiovascular death did not differ significantly between cats that at study enrollment were AH or had pHCM (P = .48). Cancer, chronic kidney disease, and conditions characterized by chronic weight-loss-vomiting-diarrhea-anorexia were the most frequently recorded noncardiovascular causes of death. Incidence rates/risk of noncardiac death increased with age in AH and pHCM. All-cause death proportions were greater in pHCM than AH (65% versus 40%, respectively; P < .001) because of higher cardiovascular mortality in pHCM cats. Comparing AH with pHCM, median survival (study entry to noncardiovascular death) did not differ (AH, 9.8 years; pHCM, 8.6 years; P = .10), but all-cause survival was significantly shorter in pHCM (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: All-cause mortality was significantly greater in pHCM cats due to disease burden contributed by increased cardiovascular death superimposed upon noncardiovascular death.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Animales , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/mortalidad , Gatos , Femenino , Incidencia , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Persian cats are a popular cat breed worldwide, and especially in the US, Europe and Asia. This study aimed to describe the demography, common disorders and mortality in Persians under general practice veterinary care in 2013 in the UK. The study population of 285,547 cats overall included 3235 (1.1%) Persians. Mean adult Persian bodyweight was 3.9 kg (SD 0.9) and median age was 7.0 years (IQR 3.3-11.6). At least one disorder was recorded in 2099 (64.9%) Persians. The most common specific disorders were haircoat disorders (411, 12.7%), periodontal disease (365, 11.3%), overgrown nails (234, 7.2%), and ocular discharge (188, 5.8%). The most common disorder groups were dermatological (578, 17.9%), ophthalmological (496, 15.3%) and dental (397, 12.3%). Median longevity was 13.5 years (IQR 9.9-16.0). The most common grouped causes of death were renal disease (102, 23.4%), neoplasia (37, 8.5%) and mass-associated disorder (35, 8.0%). This is the first study to use general practice data to examine the overall health of Persian cats. With haircoat, ocular and dental disorders being the predominant disorders identified, this study highlights the need for increased owner awareness to manage and prevent the typical health problems associated with this breed's phenotype.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Factores de Edad , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Gatos , Demografía , Femenino , Longevidad , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Especificidad de la Especie , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Medicina VeterinariaRESUMEN
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by the SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV). SFTS patients were first reported in China, followed by Japan and South Korea. In 2017, cats were diagnosed with SFTS for the first time, suggesting that these animals are susceptible to SFTSV. To confirm whether or not cats were indeed susceptible to SFTSV, animal subjects were experimentally infected with SFTSV. Four of the six cats infected with the SPL010 strain of SFTSV died, all showing similar or more severe symptoms than human SFTS patients, such as a fever, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, weight loss, anorexia, jaundice and depression. High levels of SFTSV RNA loads were detected in the serum, eye swab, saliva, rectal swab and urine, indicating a risk of direct human infection from SFTS-infected animals. Histopathologically, acute necrotizing lymphadenitis and hemophagocytosis were prominent in the lymph nodes and spleen. Severe hemorrhaging was observed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. B cell lineage cells with MUM-1 and CD20, but not Pax-5 in the lesions were predominantly infected with SFTSV. The present study demonstrated that cats were highly susceptible to SFTSV. The risk of direct infection from SFTS-infected cats to humans should therefore be considered.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Fiebres Hemorrágicas Virales/veterinaria , Phlebovirus/fisiología , Animales , Biomarcadores , Biopsia , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/transmisión , Gatos , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Evaluación de SíntomasRESUMEN
Although oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common in cats there are currently few prognostic markers for these cancers. This study used 52 feline oral SCCs to determine if prognosis can be predicted by the age or sex of the cat, the presence of bone within the diagnostic sample, or the anatomic location of the SCC. Additionally, as p16CDKN2A protein (p16) and p53 are prognostic for human oral SCCs, p16 and p53 immunostaining was evaluated. Only SCC location and p16 immunostaining were prognostic. Cats with oropharyngeal SCCs had an estimated median survival time (MST) of 151 days which was significantly longer than cats with maxillary (51 days P = 0.017), sublingual (33 days P = 0.011) and mandibular (34 days P = 0.029) SCCs. Overall, 19% of oral SCCs were p16-positive with intense nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining within most neoplastic cells, 69% had cytoplasmic immunostaining that was confined to the periphery of nests of neoplastic cells, and 12% had no p16 immunostaining. Cats with p16-positive SCCs had a MST of 87 days, which was significantly longer than cats with p16-peripheral SCCs (MST 37 days, P = 0.03), but not longer than cats with p16-negative SCCs (MST 51 days, P = 0.72). No papillomaviral DNA was amplified from the p16-positive SCCs. Twenty (39%) SCCs contained immunostaining for p53, but this was not prognostic (P = 0.31). These results suggest that feline oral SCCs develop by cellular mechanisms that result in one of three patterns of p16 immunostaining. Cancers which develop due to these mechanisms appear to have different clinical behaviors and p16 immunostaining predicts the behavior of these common feline cancers.