RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to identify factors that interfere with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in quilombola communities. METHODS: qualitative research based on the Transcultural Theory proposed by Madeleine Leininger, performed with quilombola mothers. For data collection, we used the semi-structured interview, conducted from June 2018 to January 2019. Content analysis was guided by the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. RESULTS: it was revealed that intergenerational cultural myths and customs interfere with breastfeeding practice, and identified the influence of professional nurses on best breastfeeding practices. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: cultural and intergenerational factors favor early weaning and expose the child to illness.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna/métodos , Madres/psicología , Poblaciones Vulnerables/psicología , Adulto , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Investigación Cualitativa , Enfermería Transcultural/métodos , Enfermería Transcultural/tendenciasRESUMEN
The goals of the Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) model are to provide a patient- or client-centered systematic, logical, orderly, scientific process for delivering safe, culturally congruent and competent, affordable, accessible, evidence-based, and quality care for people from diverse backgrounds across the life span. Key components of the TIP model include the context from which people's health-related values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices emerge; the interprofessional health care team; effective verbal and nonverbal communication among all team members; and a five-step systematic, scientific problem-solving process-assessment, mutual goal setting, and planning, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and care. The model is applicable wherever nurses practice, teach, learn, lead, consult, and conduct research domestically and globally.
Asunto(s)
Modelos de Enfermería , Proceso de Enfermería/tendencias , Enfermería Transcultural/métodos , Humanos , Relaciones Interprofesionales , Enfermería Transcultural/tendenciasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To explore the meaning of beliefs and practices related to family functioning and health care in a Venezuelan indigenous group. Materials and Methods A qualitative research study was conducted using a focused-ethnography (FE) method. The techniques implemented during data collection were focus group and observer-as-participant. Twenty-seven people distributed into four groups were included in the study. The qualitative content analysis method was selected for the interpretation stage. Results The most significant findings revealed that Jivi people's customs were mixed with modern practices. Cultural practices such as maternity and childbirth are processes in which the formal healthcare system has a secondary role. Moreover, participants showed flexibility in terms of responsibilities without association to sex. Conclusion Training of human resources with an intercultural approach is a measure that could strengthen the practices of ethnic groups in terms of healthcare.
RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar el significado de las creencias y prácticas relacionadas con la función familiar y el cuidado de salud en un grupo indígena venezolano. Métodos Se realizó una investigación cualitativa razonada con el método de Etnografía Enfocada (EE), las técnicas implementadas fue el grupo focal y la observación participante. Participaron N=27 personas distribuidas en cuatro grupos. El método seleccionado para la fase de interpretación fue el Análisis Cualitativo de Contenido. Resultados Los hallazgos mostraron que las creencias del pueblo Jivi se mezclaron con las prácticas modernas; las prácticas culturales como la maternidad y el parto se asumieron como un proceso en el cual el Sistema de Salud formal tiene una relación secundaria. Además, los participantes mostraron flexibilidad de responsabilidades sin referencia al género. Conclusión Una medida para fortalecer las prácticas de los grupos étnicos en términos de atención de salud es la capacitación de recursos humanos en el enfoque intercultural.
