Fulminant presentation of oral mucosal leishmaniasis as severe stomatitis and periodontitis.

This case report shows an atypical presentation of mucosal leishmaniasis infantum in the oral cavity resulting in severe stomatitis and periodontitis. The patient was immunocompromised because of rheumatoid arthritis for which he used prednisone and methotrexate. He was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and recovered within four weeks.

[Ocular leishmaniasis in a cat: case report]. / Leishmaniose oculaire féline: à propos d'un cas.

Leishmaniasis is a disease common to humans as well as wild and domestic animals. When it affects pets, it primarily involves dogs, which constitute a parasitic reservoir. This disease is observed in Africa, Asia, and America and around the entire Mediterranean coast. We report an ocular form of leishmaniasis in a cat from the Var region.

Trypanosoma cruzi persistence at oral inflammatory foci in chronic chagasic patients.

The persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi in seropositive individuals, previously diagnosed as chronic chagasic patients (CCP), was detected for the first time in biopsies taken from gingival inflammatory foci processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven out of 31 (22.5%) gum samples from selected unquestionably CCP showing different degrees of gingival inflammation revealed T. cruzi-DNA using 3 specific PCR assays. All the included CCP had been diagnosed in previous studies carried out over the last 19 years. Samples of inflamed gums were recently taken from the indicated patients at: an outpatient hospital cardiac unit; a village where Chagas disease is endemic; and a specialized diagnostic research center, showing molecular evidence of parasite persistence in 17.6%, 42.8% and 14.3% of them, respectively. The relatively frequent parasite persistence, demonstrated here in oral inflammatory processes of treated and/or untreated patients bearing long term T. cruzi-infection, suggests the establishment of secondary small foci for the maintenance of hidden or inapparent chagasic infection. The easy and low-risk, non-invasive method to get the sample may add the use of gingival biopsy as a potential alternative diagnostic tool to confirm T. cruzi-infection in CCP. The significance of T. cruzi persistence as a primary cause of chronic Chagas disease and the proposal of this mechanism to explain the pathogenesis in CCP are considered.

Erosive stomatitis in a white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) caused by Piagetiella titan (Mallophaga: Menoponidae).

Two white pelicans at the garden of a restaurant in Beysehir, a county of Konya province were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Nine lice were collected from the oral cavity of one of them. They were identified as Piagetiella titan. Diffuse erosions, erosive ulcers covered by dried yellowish-brown exudate and petechial haemorrhages were observed in oral mucosa.

[Occurrence of oral subclinical infections in insulin treated diabetics]. / Wystepowanie subklinicznych zakazen jamy ustnej u pacjentów z cukrzyca insulinozaleina.

The purpose of this study was to examine oral cavity condition, identify microorganisms and evaluate interrelation between protozoans, bacteria and fungi occurring in mouths of insuline treated diabetics. 30 men and women, 25-60 years old, were clinically assessed for their oral cavity condition including pH range. Fifteen of them were the insuline treated diabetics. Swabs taken of different sites of periodontium, dental plaques and dental pockets collected from each patients were used for detection and identification of protozoans, bacteria and fungi. Mucosal inflammation, dental caries, loose teeth, periodontitis were observed in the diabetic patients, whereas the oral cavities were generally in better condition in the control patients. Prevalence of the protozoan parasites Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax was higher in the control patients than in the diabetics (26.6% and 13.3%, respectively). Fecal bacteria Enterococcus fecalis, E. faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred with significantly higher frequency in the insuline treated patients (60%) than in the control (6.6%). Various Candida albicans strains were more often found in the diabetic (53.2%) than in the control patients (13.3%). The results of our studies show a clear interrelation between alteration of oral health and the occurrence of microorganisms in the insuline treated diabetics. Metabolic disease that causes serious multi-organ disturbances as well as insulinotherapy are the very important factors changing oral cavity ecology of the persons with diabetes mellitus; decresed pH (the average 5.5) may inhibit development of infection with protozoans in the oral cavity of these patients and favour subclinical infections with other microorganisms. Thus, in the insuline treated diabetics, examination of mouths with regard to the occurrence of opportunistic fecal bacteria and fungi, particularly before a therapy with antibiotics is strongly recommended.

[Molecular diagnosis of oral cavity trichomonas infections in HIV patients]. / Diagnostyka molekularna rzesistków jamy ustnej u pacjentów z HIV.

The occurrence of trichomonas in oral cavity of HIV patients is not well known. HIV patients often suffer from oral lesions (candidiosis, advanced caries) and it remains unclear if any oral parasites can affect that, therefore the aim of the study was verification of species that can occur in HIV patients' oral cavity. Diagnosis of oral trichomonas can be performed by conventional methods (microscopic observation of wet and stained preparations and cultivation) but these are time consuming and insufficient for proper species differentiation, therefore in order to detect and identify species of parasites precisely, molecular methods such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and sequencing of its product, were applied. 54 HIV patients (18 females and 36 males at the age of 20-54) were examined. All of them were addicted to intravenous drugs for at least 6 years. Saliva, smears and spittle samples were collected and used for cultivation, preparations and molecular diagnosis. For PCR amplification a pair of primers (T1 and T2) specific for ITS 1 - 5.8 SrRNA - ITS 2 region was designed. The oral trichomonas were detected in saliva samples of 3 HIV patients; these were males at the age of 25, 27 and 44. The identification of species by PCR and sequencing of the PCR products showed the trichomonads belonging to Trichomonas tenax. Infection of HIV patients' oral cavity caused by T. tenax is rather related with inflammatory processes than with the immunosuppression of these patients but should be considered as a potential factor in pathogenesis of oral disorders in immunosuppressed patients.

Gingivostomatitis after eating fish parasitized by Anisakis simplex: a case report.

Anisakis simplex (AS) is a nematode that may be encountered as a parasite in various kinds of seafood. Human beings may accidentally acquire AS larvae by eating raw or undercooked seafood. In addition to human parasitization (anisakiasis), this nematode can induce allergic reactions. AS-related diseases are frequent, especially in those countries with a high level of fish consumption and with traditions of eating raw or undercooked seafood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gingivostomatitis secondary to the ingestion of fish with AS parasites.

[Infective stomatitis of the palate]. / Localización palatina de las estomatitis infecciosas.

Having on base a wide and selective review of the literature, it has seemed to us interesting to detail the infective pathology on this location or sometimes occurring. This region is, as well will see, the seat of a rich pathology. We pretend on the other hand to reassess the importance of the meticulous examination of the oral cavity in "systemic problems". We describe the palatal infections divided in four groups: bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitory, according to the causal agent. We review the palatine manifestations of other fewer current syndromes as well.

[Trichomonad infections of the oral cavity in cats in south Germany]. / Trichomonaden-Infektionen der Mundhöhle bei Katzen in Süddeutschland.

In this investigation trichomonads were isolated from the oral cavity in 21 of 110 examined cats, and only from those which were simultaneously FeLV, FIV or FIP positive. By means of scanning electron microscopy the trichomonads were shown to be round or piriform parasites which were on average 7.9 microns long and 6.2 microns wide at maximum width. They had 4 anterior flagella, which were on average 9.4 microns long, an undulating membrane measuring 6.7 microns with no trailing flagellum as well as an axostyle extending on average 5.0 microns beyond the body, and therefore should be attributed to the genus Trichomonas.

[Difficulties in the diagnosis of Trichomonas infection complicated by mycosis of the oral cavity]. / Trudnosci rozpoznawania rzesistkowicy powiklanej grzybica jamy ustnej.

Out of 1018 patients calling on parasitologist or stomatologist, 148 (14.5 +/- 1%) were found to be infected with Trichomonas tenax. The difficulties with diagnosis of T. tenax were connected fungi infection. Fungi strains isolated from oral cavity of patients infected with T. tenax were differentiated by morphological and biochemical methods.

[Value of WHO recommendations for the assessment of oral health in patients with diagnosed Trichomonas tenax invasion]. / Wartosci wskazników zalecanych przez WHO do oceny stanu jamy ustnej u pacjentów z rozpoznana inwazja Trichomonas tenax.

In patients with periodontium lesions infected and not infected with Trichomonas tenax the following indices were analysed: caries index, Russell's index (+periodontal diseases), Greene-Vermillions index (oral hygiene). No statistically significant differences were found between infected and non-infected groups as regards caries and oral hygiene. Russell's index showed considerable differences between the groups of subjects.