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1.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv ; 21(4): 639-662, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703363

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Novel injectables possess applications in both local and systemic therapeutics delivery. The advancement in utilized materials for the construction of complex injectables has tremendously upgraded their safety and efficacy. AREAS COVERED: This review focuses on various strategies to produce novel injectables, including oily dispersions, in situ forming implants, injectable suspensions, microspheres, liposomes, and antibody-drug conjugates. We herein present a detailed description of complex injectable technologies and their related drug formulations permitted for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The excipients used, their purpose and the challenges faced during manufacturing such formulations have been critically discussed. EXPERT OPINION: Novel injectables can deliver therapeutic agents in a controlled way at the desired site. However, several challenges persist with respect to their genericization. Astronomical costs incurred by innovator companies during product development, complexity of the product itself, supply limitations with respect to raw materials, intricate manufacturing processes, patent evergreening, product life-cycle extensions, relatively few and protracted generic approvals contribute to the exorbitant prices and access crunch. Moreover, regulatory guidance are grossly underdeveloped and significant efforts have to be directed toward development of effective characterization techniques.


Asunto(s)
Aprobación de Drogas , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Inyecciones , United States Food and Drug Administration , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Composición de Medicamentos , Excipientes/química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , Animales , Química Farmacéutica
2.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 25(5): 107, 2024 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38730121

RESUMEN

Treatment therapies used to manage osteoporosis are associated with severe side effects. So worldwide herbs are widely studied to develop alternative safe & effective treatments. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) has a significant role in bone health and fracture healing. It is documented that its extracts increase osteoblastic differentiation & mineralization. Currently, Cissus quadrangularis is available in the form of tablets in the market for oral delivery. But these conventional forms are associated with poor bioavailability. There is a need for a novel drug delivery system with improving oral bioavailability. Therefore, a Cissus quadrangularis-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (CQ-SEDDS) was developed which disperses rapidly in the gastrointestinal fluids, yielding nano-emulsions containing a solubilized drug. This solubilized form of the drug can be easily absorbed through lymphatic pathways and bypass the hepatic first-pass effect. The emulsification efficiency, zeta potential, globule size, in-vitro dissolution, ex-vivo, in-vivo and bone marker studies were performed to assess the absorption and permeation potential of CQ incorporated in SEDDS. CQ-SEDDS with excipients Tween 80, Cremophor RH40, Transcutol HP & α-Tocopherol acetate had shown about 76% enhancement in the bioavailability of active constituents of CQ. This study provided the pre-clinical data of CQ-SEDDS using osteoporotic rat model studies.


Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Cissus , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Emulsiones , Osteoporosis , Animales , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Cissus/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Femenino , Administración Oral , Excipientes/química , Solubilidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
3.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 25(5): 114, 2024 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38750299

RESUMEN

There is a growing focus on solid-state degradation, especially for its relevance in understanding interactions with excipients. Performing a solid-state degradation of Venetoclax (VEN), we delve into VEN's stability in different solid-state oxidative stress conditions, utilizing Peroxydone™ complex and urea peroxide (UHP). The investigation extends beyond traditional forced degradation scenarios, providing insights into VEN's behavior over 32 h, considering temperature and crystallinity conditions. Distinct behaviors emerge in the cases of Peroxydone™ complex and UHP. The partially crystalline (PC-VEN) form proves more stable with Peroxydone™, while the amorphous form (A-VEN) shows enhanced stability with UHP. N-oxide VEN, a significant degradation product, varies between these cases, reflecting the impact of different oxidative stress conditions. Peroxydone™ complex demonstrates higher reproducibility and stability, making it a promising option for screening impurities in solid-state oxidative stress scenarios. This research not only contributes to the understanding of VEN's stability in solid-state but also aids formulators in anticipating excipient incompatibilities owing to presence of reactive impurities (peroxides) and oxidation in the final dosage form.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes , Cristalización , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Excipientes , Oxidación-Reducción , Sulfonamidas , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/química , Cristalización/métodos , Sulfonamidas/química , Excipientes/química , Estrés Oxidativo , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Temperatura
4.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 37(1): 43-52, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38741399

RESUMEN

Drug-resistant malaria is a global risk to the modern world. Artremisinin (ART) is one of the drugs of choice against drug-resistant (malaria) which is practically insoluble in water. The objective of our study was to improve the solubility of artemisinin (ART) via development of binary complexes of ART with sulfobutylether ß-cyclodextrins (SBE7 ß-CD), sulfobutylether ß-cyclodextrins (SBE7 ß-CD) and oleic acid (ternary complexes). These are prepared in various drugs to excipients ratios by physical mixing (PM) and solvent evaporation (SE) methods. Characterizations were achieved by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The aqueous-solubility in binary complexes was 12-folds enhanced than ternary complexes. Dissolution of binary and ternary complexes of artemisinin in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.6) was found highest and 35 times higher for ternary SECx. The crystallinity of artemisinin was decreased in physical mixtures (PMs) while SECx exhibited displaced angles. The attenuated-intensity of SECx showed least peak numbers with more displaced-angles. SEM images of PMs and SECx showed reduced particle size in binary and ternary systems as compared to pure drug-particles. ATR-FTIR spectra of binary and ternary complexes revealed bonding interactions among artemisinin, SBE7 ß-CD and oleic acid.


Asunto(s)
Artemisininas , Ácido Oléico , Solubilidad , Difracción de Rayos X , beta-Ciclodextrinas , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Artemisininas/química , Ácido Oléico/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Antimaláricos/química , Excipientes/química , Composición de Medicamentos
5.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 37(1): 115-121, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38741407

RESUMEN

Migraine is one of the common neurological disease affecting around 23% of the Pakistani population. Prompt treatment is required to regain the functional ability of patients. The present study was designed to develop sumatriptan succinate orodispersible tablets that would quickly overcome acute migraine episodes using 22 full-factorial design. The chitosan and sodium starch glycolate were taken as independent variables; friability, disintegration, dispersion time and water absorption ratio as response variables. Eight trial formulations were generated by Design Expert® software. The main effect plots were used to check the interaction of formulations with response variables. All trial formulations showed good micromeritic properties in terms of angle of repose (19.59o-24.57°), Carr's index (17.08-24.90%) and Hausner's ratio (1.20-1.33). The tablets wetted quickly (17.1- 39 sec) in dispersion medium, showed higher water absorption ratio (188-341 sec) and disintegrated quickly (13-20 sec) with an excellent dissolution rate (94-99%). The main effect plots show interactions between the independent variables against most of the study responses. A 22 full-factorial model was found to be effective in studying the influence of formulation variables on response parameters. Both chitosan and sodium starch glycolate can be used in combination to fabricate an effective orodispersible formulation of sumatriptan succinate.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Trastornos Migrañosos , Almidón , Sumatriptán , Comprimidos , Sumatriptán/administración & dosificación , Sumatriptán/química , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Almidón/química , Almidón/análogos & derivados , Almidón/administración & dosificación , Quitosano/química , Humanos , Administración Oral , Solubilidad , Composición de Medicamentos , Química Farmacéutica , Excipientes/química
6.
Carbohydr Polym ; 338: 122167, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763706

RESUMEN

2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) is one of the most important cyclodextrin derivatives, finding extensive applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Beyond its role as an excipient, HPBCD achieved orphan drug status in 2015 for Niemann-Pick type C disease treatment, prompting research into its therapeutic potential for various disorders. However, the acceptance of HPBCD as an active pharmaceutical ingredient may be impeded by its complex nature. Indeed, HPBCD is not a single entity with a well-defined structure, instead, it is a complex mixture of isomers varying in substituent positions and the degree of hydroxypropylation, posing several challenges for unambiguous characterization. Pharmacopoeias' methods only address the average hydroxypropylation extent, lacking a rapid approach to characterize the substituent positions on the CD scaffold. Recognizing that the distribution of substituents significantly influences the complexation ability and overall activity of the derivative, primarily by altering cavity dimensions, we present a straightforward and non-destructive method based on liquid state NMR spectroscopy to analyze the positions of the hydroxypropyl sidechains. This method relies on a single set of routine experiments to establish quantitative assignment and it provides a simple yet effective tool to disclose the substitution pattern of this complex material, utilizing easily accessible (400 MHz NMR) instrumentation.


Asunto(s)
2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Excipientes/química
7.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 37(2): 385-397, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767106

RESUMEN

A drug-resin liquid delayed-release suspension of pantoprazole sodium (PAZ-Na) was prepared to improve the effectiveness, convenience and safety of peptic ulcer treatment in children, the elderly and patients with dysphagia. Pantoprazole sodium drug-resin complexes (PAZ-Na-DRC) were prepared using the bath method. The fluidized bed coating method is used to coat it and then add excipients to make a dry suspension prepared before use. The parameters of the in vitro release experimental conditions were optimized and the drug release curve showed delayed release. Rats were given commercial PAZ-Na enteric-coated pellet capsules and the PAZ-Na delayed release suspension via intragastric administration. The results showed that the Tmax of the PAZ-Na delayed release suspension was increased from 2h to 4h compared with the PAZ-Na enteric-coated pellet capsules. Similarly, the Cmax was reduced from 6.162µg/mL to 3.244µg/mL with the concentration-time curve is very gentle compared with the commercial drug capsules. After oral administration, the relative bioavailability of PAZ-Na delayed release suspension (AUC0-24 of 19.578 µg•h•mL-1) compared with the commercial drug (AUC0-24 of 17.388 µg•h•mL-1) was 112.67%. The findings showed that the PAZ-Na delayed release suspension for oral administration was successfully formulated with highly improved pharmacokinetic indices.


Asunto(s)
Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Pantoprazol , Suspensiones , Pantoprazol/farmacocinética , Pantoprazol/administración & dosificación , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Liberación de Fármacos , Disponibilidad Biológica , Administración Oral , Composición de Medicamentos , Excipientes/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
8.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 37(2): 405-416, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767108

RESUMEN

To develop a new kind of famotidine-resin microcapsule for gastric adhesion sustained release by screening out suitable excipients and designing reasonable prescriptions to improve patient drug activities to achieve the expected therapeutic effect. The famotidine drug resin was prepared using the water bath method with carbomer 934 used as coating material. Microcapsules were prepared using the emulsified solvent coating method and appropriate excipients were used to prepare famotidine sustained release suspension. Pharmacokinetics of the developed microcapsules were studied in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. The self-made sustained-release suspension of famotidine hydrochloride effectively reduced the blood concentration and prolonged the action time. The relative bioavailability of the self-made suspension of the famotidine hydrochloride to the commercially available famotidine hydrochloride was 146.44%, with an average retention time of about 5h longer, which indicated that the new suspension had acceptable adhesion properties. The findings showed that the newly developed famotidine-resin microcapsule increased the bioavailability of the drug with a significant sustained-release property.


Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Famotidina , Famotidina/farmacocinética , Famotidina/administración & dosificación , Famotidina/química , Famotidina/farmacología , Animales , Ratas , Masculino , Excipientes/química , Suspensiones , Cápsulas , Liberación de Fármacos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/farmacocinética , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/farmacología , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/química , Adhesividad , Composición de Medicamentos , Acrilatos
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 10680, 2024 05 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38724608

RESUMEN

Bosentan is a drug used to treat pulmonary hypertension via dual endothelial receptor antagonism. Bosentan has a restricted oral bioavailability, a problem that's mostly due to poor solubility and hepatic metabolism. It is extensively used for the elderly and children who require a friendly dosage form like orodispersible tablets. So, the goal of this research work was to hasten the dissolution rate of bosentan to produce an orodispersible tablet with immediate drug release. Bosentan was exposed to ethanol-assisted kneading with a rise of xylitol or menthol concentrations (1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio of bosentan with excipient). In addition to observing the dissolution behavior, the resulting dry products were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR reflected possible hydrogen bonding with xylitol and menthol. DSC studies reflected a reduction in the enthalpy and Tm. These results with XRD data reflected partial co-amorphization in the case of xylitol and eutaxia in the case of menthol. These modifications were related to an accelerated dissolving rate. The developed systems were fabricated as orodispersible tablets which exhibited immediate release of bosentan. Thus, the current study offered simple co-processing for the preparation of orodispersible bosentan tablets.


Asunto(s)
Bosentán , Mentol , Solubilidad , Comprimidos , Xilitol , Bosentán/química , Xilitol/química , Mentol/química , Administración Oral , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Liberación de Fármacos , Difracción de Rayos X , Excipientes/química , Humanos , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría
10.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 199: 114278, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583787

RESUMEN

The transfer from batch-based to continuous tablet manufacturing increases the quality and efficiency of processes. Nonetheless, as in the development of a batch process, the continuous process design requires optimization studies to ensure a robust process. In this study, processing of a commercially batch-manufactured tablet product was tested with two continuous direct compression lines while keeping the original formulation composition and tablet quality requirements. Tableting runs were conducted with different values of process parameters. Changes in parameter settings were found to cause differences in tablet properties. Most of these quality properties could be controlled and maintained within the set limits effortlessly already at this stage of studies. However, the API content and content uniformity seemed to require more investigation. The observed content uniformity challenges were traced to individual tablets with a high amount of API. This was suspected to be caused by API micro-agglomerates since tablet weight variability did not explain the issue. This could be solved by adding a mill between two blenders in the process line. Overall, this case study produced promising results with both tested manufacturing lines since many tablet properties complied with the test result limits without optimization of process parameter settings.


Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica , Composición de Medicamentos , Excipientes , Comprimidos , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Excipientes/química , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodos
11.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 199: 114279, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38588829

RESUMEN

Our study aimed to develop a virucidal throat spray using bioactive compounds and excipients, focusing on the preparation of Curcumin (CUR) in a self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Two molecular docking studies against SARS-CoV-2 targets guided the selection of proper oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and natural bioactive that would maximize the antiviral activity of the throat spray. Two self-nanoemulsifying formulas that were diluted with different vehicles to prepare eight CUR-loaded SNESNS (self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension) formulas. In vitro characterization studies and in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect revealed that the optimal formula, consisted of 20 % Anise oil, 70 % Tween 80, 10 % PEG 400, and 0.1 %w/w CUR, diluted with DEAE-Dx. Preclinical toxicity tests on male rats confirmed the safety of a mild throat spray dose (5 µg/mL CUR). In a rat model of acute pharyngitis induced by ammonia, post-treatment with the optimal formula of CUR loaded SNESNS for one week significantly reduced elevated proinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL6, MCP1, and IL8). In conclusion, our CUR-loaded SNESNS formula, at 5 µg/mL concentration, shows promising effect as a prophylactic throat spray against SARS-CoV-2 and as a treatment for pharyngitis.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Excipientes , Faringitis , SARS-CoV-2 , Animales , Faringitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Excipientes/química , Ratas , Masculino , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Curcumina/farmacología , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sistema de Administración de Fármacos con Nanopartículas/química , Chlorocebus aethiops
12.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 199: 114297, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641228

RESUMEN

Spray-drying of nucleic acid-based drugs designed for gene therapy or gene knockdown is associated with many advantages including storage stability and handling as well as the possibility of pulmonary application. The encapsulation of nucleic acids in nanoparticles prior to spray-drying is one strategy for obtaining efficient formulations. This, however, strongly relies on the definition of optimal nanoparticles, excipients and spray-drying conditions. Among polymeric nanoparticles, polyethylenimine (PEI)-based complexes with or without chemical modifications have been described previously as very efficient for gene or oligonucleotide delivery. The tyrosine-modification of linear or branched low molecular weight PEIs, or of polypropylenimine (PPI) dendrimers, has led to high complex stability, improved cell uptake and transfection efficacy as well as high biocompatibility. In this study, we identify optimal spray-drying conditions for PEI-based nanoparticles containing large plasmid DNA or small siRNAs, and further explore the spray-drying of nanoparticles containing chemically modified polymers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), but not trehalose or lactose, is particularly well-suited as excipient, retaining or even enhancing transfection efficacies compared to fresh complexes. A big mesh size is critically important as well, while the variation of the spray-drying temperature plays a minor role. Upon spray-drying, microparticles in a âˆ¼ 3.3 - 8.5 µm size range (laser granulometry) are obtained, dependent on the polymers. Upon their release from the spray-dried material, the nanoparticles show increased sizes and markedly altered zeta potentials as compared to their fresh counterparts. This may contribute to their high efficacy that is seen also after prolonged storage of the spray-dried material. We conclude that these spray-dried systems offer a great potential for the preparation of nucleic acid drug storage forms with facile reconstitution, as well as for their direct pulmonary application as dry powder.


Asunto(s)
ADN , Nanopartículas , Polietileneimina , ARN Interferente Pequeño , ARN Interferente Pequeño/administración & dosificación , ARN Interferente Pequeño/química , Nanopartículas/química , Polietileneimina/química , ADN/administración & dosificación , ADN/química , Humanos , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Secado por Pulverización , Transfección/métodos , Polipropilenos/química , Excipientes/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Plásmidos/administración & dosificación , Desecación/métodos , Alcohol Polivinílico/química
13.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 25(5): 90, 2024 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649513

RESUMEN

To formulate and optimize Ozenoxacin nano-emulsion using Quality by Design (QbD) concept by means of Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and converting it to a gel to form Ozenoxacin nano-emulgel followed by physico-chemical, in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation. This study demonstrates the application of QbD methodology for the development and optimization of an effective topical nanoemulgel formulation for the treatment of Impetigo focusing on the selection of appropriate excipients, optimization of formulation and process variables, and characterization of critical quality attributes. BBD was used to study the effect of "% of oil, % of Smix and homogenization speed" on critical quality attributes "globule size and % entrapment efficiency" for the optimisation of Ozenoxacin Nano-emulsion. Ozenoxacin loaded nano-emulgel was characterized for "description, identification, pH, specific gravity, amplitude sweep, viscosity, assay, organic impurities, antimicrobial effectiveness testing, in-vitro release testing, ex-vivo permeation testing, skin retention and in-vivo anti-bacterial activity". In-vitro release and ex-vivo permeation, skin retention and in-vivo anti-bacterial activity were found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher for the nano-emulgel formulation compared to the innovator formulation (OZANEX™). Antimicrobial effectiveness testing was performed and found that even at 70% label claim of benzoic acid is effective to inhibit microbial growth in the drug product. The systematic application of QbD principles facilitated the successful development and optimization of a Ozenoxacin Nano-Emulsion. Optimised Ozenoxacin Nano-Emulgel can be considered as an effective alternative and found to be stable at least for 6 months at 40 °C / 75% RH and 30 °C / 75% RH.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Emulsiones , Impétigo , Quinolonas , Animales , Impétigo/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Quinolonas/administración & dosificación , Quinolonas/química , Quinolonas/farmacología , Quinolonas/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Emulsiones/química , Nanopartículas/química , Geles/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Aminopiridinas/administración & dosificación , Aminopiridinas/farmacología , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Excipientes/química , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Viscosidad , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos
14.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 49(3): 607-617, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38621864

RESUMEN

This study aims to optimize the composite excipients suitable for the preparation of concentrated water pills of personalized traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions by the extruding-rounding method and investigate the roles of each excipient in the preparation process. The fiber materials and powder materials were taken as the standard materials suitable as excipients in the preparation of personalized concentrated water pills without excipient. Water absorption properties and torque rheology were used as indicators for selecting the materials of composite excipients. The ratio of composite excipients was optimized by D-optimal mixture design. Moreover, to demonstrate the universal applicability of the optimal composite excipients, this study selected three traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions with low, medium, and high extraction rates to verify the optimal ratio. Finally, the effects of each selected excipient on the molding of personalized concentrated water pills were investigated with the four parameters of the pill molding quality as indicators. The optimized composite excipients were dextrin∶microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)∶low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC) at a ratio of 1∶2∶4. The composite excipients were used for the preparation of personalized concentrated water pills with stable process, good quality, and a wide range of application. Dextrin acted as a diluent and accelerated the speed of extruding. MCC mainly served as an adhesive, increasing the cohesion and viscosity of the pills. L-HPC as a water absorbent and disintegrating agent can absorb and hold the water of the concentrate and has a strong disintegration effect.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Excipientes , Excipientes/química , Medicina Tradicional China , Agua/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química
15.
Int J Pharm ; 656: 124084, 2024 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38580072

RESUMEN

In this study, a compartmental disintegration and dissolution model is proposed for the prediction and evaluation of the dissolution performance of directly compressed tablets. This dissolution model uses three compartments (Bound, Disintegrated, and Dissolved) to describe the state of each particle of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The disintegration of the tablet is captured by three fitting parameters. Two disintegration parameters, ß0 and ßt,0, describe the initial disintegration rate and the change in disintegration rate, respectively. A third parameter, α, describes the effect of the volume of dissolved drug on the disintegration process. As the tablet disintegrates, particles become available for dissolution. The dissolution rate is determined by the Nernst-Brunner equation, whilst taking into account the hydrodynamic effects within the vessel of a USP II (paddle) apparatus. This model uses the raw material properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (solubility, particle size distribution, true density), lending it towards early development activities during which time the amount of drug substance available may be limited. Additionally, the strong correlations between the fitting parameters and the tablet porosity indicate the potential to isolate the manufacturing effects and thus implement the model as part of a real-time release testing strategy for a continuous direct compression line.


Asunto(s)
Liberación de Fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Solubilidad , Comprimidos , Porosidad , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Excipientes/química , Modelos Químicos
16.
Int J Pharm ; 656: 124100, 2024 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38609059

RESUMEN

Transferring an existing marketed pharmaceutical product from batch to continuous manufacturing (CM) without changes in regulatory registration is a challenging task in the pharmaceutical industry. Continuous manufacturing can provide an increased production rate and better equipment utilisation while retaining key quality attributes of the final product. Continuous manufacturing necessitates the monitoring of critical quality attributes in real time by appropriate process analytical tools such as near infra-red (NIR) probes. The present work reports a successful transfer of an existing drug product from batch to continuous manufacturing process without changing the formulation. A key step was continuous powder blending, whose design and operating parameters including weir type, agitation rate, dynamic hold-up and residence time were systematically investigated with respect to process repeatability. A NIR-based multivariate data model for in-line composition monitoring has been developed and validated against an existing quality control method for measuring tablet content uniformity. A continuous manufacturing long-run with a throughput of 30 kg/h (approx. 128,000 tablets per hour), uninterrupted for 320 min, has been performed to test and validate the multivariate data model as well as the batch to continuous process transfer. The final disintegration and dissolution properties of tablets manufactured by the continuous process were found to be equivalent to those manufactured by the original batch process.


Asunto(s)
Comprimidos , Tecnología Farmacéutica , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodos , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Control de Calidad , Polvos/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Excipientes/química , Solubilidad , Liberación de Fármacos
17.
Int J Pharm ; 656: 124116, 2024 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38615803

RESUMEN

Inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations is widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Spatially resolved thermal characterization offers promise for better understanding drug release rates from particles; however, this has been an analytical challenge due to the small particle size (from a few micrometers down to nanometers) and the complex composition of the formulations. Here, we employ nano-thermal analysis (nanoTA) to probe the nanothermal domain of a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation containing a mixture of fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX), and excipient lactose, which is widely used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and AFM force measurements are performed to provide nanochemical and nanomechanical information to complement the nanothermal data. The colocalized thermal and chemical mapping clearly reveals the surface heterogeneity of the drugs in the aerosol particles and demonstrates the contribution of the surface chemical composition to the variation in the thermal properties of the particles. We present a powerful analytical approach for in-depth characterization of thermal/chemical/morphological properties of dry powder inhaler particles at micro- and nanometer scales. This approach can be used to facilitate the comparison between generics and reference inhalation products and further the development of high-performance pharmaceutical formulations.


Asunto(s)
Aerosoles , Inhaladores de Polvo Seco , Fluticasona , Lactosa , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polvos , Xinafoato de Salmeterol , Fluticasona/química , Fluticasona/administración & dosificación , Xinafoato de Salmeterol/química , Xinafoato de Salmeterol/administración & dosificación , Lactosa/química , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica/métodos , Excipientes/química , Administración por Inhalación , Broncodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Broncodilatadores/química , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja/métodos , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Propiedades de Superficie
18.
Mol Pharm ; 21(5): 2484-2500, 2024 May 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38647432

RESUMEN

Excipients are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical products, and often, they can also play a critical role in maintaining product quality. For a product containing a moisture-sensitive drug, moisture can be deleterious to the product stability during storage. Therefore, using excipients that interact with moisture in situ can potentially alleviate product stability issues. In this study, the interactive behavior of starch with moisture was augmented by coprocessing maize starch with sodium chloride (NaCl) or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate [Mg(NO3)2·6H2O] at different concentrations (5 and 10%, w/w). The effect of the formulation on drug stability was assessed through the degradation of acetylsalicylic acid, which was used as the model drug. The results showed that coprocessing of the starch with either NaCl or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O impacted the number of water molecule binding sites on the starch and how the sorbed moisture was distributed. The coprocessed excipients also resulted in lower drug degradation and lesser changes in tablet tensile strength during post-compaction storage. However, corresponding tablet formulations containing physical mixtures of starch and salts did not yield promising outcomes. This study demonstrated the advantageous concomitant use of common excipients by coprocessing to synergistically mitigate the adverse effects of moisture and promote product stability when formulating a moisture-sensitive drug. In addition, the findings could help to improve the understanding of moisture-excipient interactions and allow for the judicious choice of excipients when designing formulations containing moisture-sensitive drugs.


Asunto(s)
Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Excipientes , Almidón , Comprimidos , Resistencia a la Tracción , Excipientes/química , Almidón/química , Comprimidos/química , Agua/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Cloruro de Sodio/química , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Aspirina/química
19.
Mol Pharm ; 21(5): 2590-2605, 2024 May 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656981

RESUMEN

We report a novel utilization of a pH modifier as a disproportionation retardant in a tablet formulation. The drug molecule of interest has significant bioavailability challenges that require solubility enhancement. In addition to limited salt/cocrystal options, disproportionation of the potential salt(s) was identified as a substantial risk. Using a combination of Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics and quantitative X-ray diffraction in specially designed stress testing, we investigated the disproportionation phenomena. The learnings and insight drawn from crystallography drove the selection of the maleate form as the target API. Inspired by the fumarate form's unique stability and solubility characteristics, we used fumaric acid as the microenvironmental pH modulator. Proof-of-concept experiments with high-risk (HCl) and moderate-risk (maleate) scenarios confirmed the synergistic advantage of fumaric acid, which interacts with the freebase released by disproportionation to form a more soluble species. The resultant hemifumarate helps maintain the solubility at an elevated level. This work demonstrates an innovative technique to mediate the solubility drop during the "parachute" phase of drug absorption using compendial excipients, and this approach can potentially serve as an effective risk-mitigating strategy for salt disproportionation.


Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica , Composición de Medicamentos , Fumaratos , Solubilidad , Fumaratos/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Difracción de Rayos X/métodos , Comprimidos/química , Sales (Química)/química , Maleatos/química , Excipientes/química , Disponibilidad Biológica
20.
Anal Chem ; 96(17): 6746-6755, 2024 Apr 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38632675

RESUMEN

Nonionic surfactant excipients (NISEs) are commonly added to biologics formulations to mitigate the effects of stress incurred by the active biotherapeutic during manufacturing, transport, and storage. During manufacturing, NISEs are added by dilution of a stock solution directly into a protein formulation, and their accurate addition is critical in maintaining the quality and integrity of the drug product and thus ensuring patient safety. This is especially true for the common NISEs, polysorbates 20 and 80 (PS20 and PS80, respectively) and poloxamer 188 (P188). With the increasing diversity of biologic modalities within modern pharmaceutical pipelines, there is thus a critical need to develop and deploy convenient and user-accessible analytical techniques that can rapidly and reliably quantify these NISEs under biopharmaceutically relevant conditions. We thus pursued 60 MHz benchtop quantitative NMR (qNMR) as a nondestructive and user-friendly analytical technique for the quantification of PS20, PS80, and P188 under such conditions. We demonstrated the ability of benchtop qNMR (1) to quantify simulated PS20, PS80, and P188 stock solutions representative of those used during the drug substance (DS) formulation step in biomanufacturing and (2) to quantify these NISEs at and below their target concentrations (≤0.025% w/v) directly in biologics formulations containing histidine, sucrose, and one of three biotherapeutic modalities (monoclonal antibody, antibody-drug conjugate, and Fc-fusion protein). Our results demonstrate that benchtop qNMR offers a fit-for-purpose, reliable, user-friendly, and green analytical route by which NISE of interest to the biopharmaceutical industry may be readily and reliably quantified. We conclude that benchtop qNMR has the potential to be applied to other excipient formulation components in the presence of various biological modalities as well as the potential for routine integration within analytical and QC laboratories across pharmaceutical development and manufacturing sites.


Asunto(s)
Excipientes , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Tensoactivos , Tensoactivos/química , Excipientes/química , Excipientes/análisis , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Polisorbatos/química , Poloxámero/química , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/análisis
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