RESUMEN
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a key player in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC); however, â¼30% of patients experience relapse and a lower survival rate due to TAM resistance. TAM resistance was related to the over expression of SOX-2 gene, which is regulated by the E2F3 transcription factor in the Wnt signaling pathway. It was suggested that SOX-2 overexpression was suppressed by dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid commonly prescribed to BC patients. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of combining DEX and TAM on the inhibition of TAM-resistant LCC-2 cells (TAMR-1) through modulating the E2F3/SOX-2-mediated Wnt signaling pathway. The effect of the combination therapy on MCF-7 and TAMR-1 cell viability was assessed. Drug interactions were analyzed using CompuSyn and SynergyFinder softwares. Cell cycle distribution, apoptotic protein expression, gene expression levels of SOX-2 and E2F3, and cell migration were also assessed. Combining DEX with TAM led to synergistic inhibition of TAMR-1 cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, reduced SOX-2 and E2F3 expression and was also associated with S and G2-M phase arrest. Therefore, combining DEX with TAM may present an effective therapeutic option to overcome TAM resistance, by targeting the E2F3/SOX-2/Wnt signaling pathway, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Proliferación Celular , Dexametasona , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Tamoxifeno , Humanos , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Dexametasona/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Femenino , Células MCF-7 , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/genéticaRESUMEN
PA28γ overexpression is aberrant and accompanied by poor patient prognosis in various cancers, the precise regulatory mechanism of this crucial gene in the tumor microenvironment remains incompletely understood. In this study, using oral squamous cell carcinoma as a model, we demonstrated that PA28γ exhibits high expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and its expression significantly correlates with the severity of clinical indicators of malignancy. Remarkably, we found that elevated levels of secreted IGF2 from PA28γ+ CAFs can enhance stemness maintenance and promote tumor cell aggressiveness through the activation of the MAPK/AKT pathway in a paracrine manner. Mechanistically, PA28γ upregulates IGF2 expression by stabilizing the E2F3 protein, a transcription factor of IGF2. Further mechanistic insights reveal that HDAC1 predominantly mediates the deacetylation and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of E2F3. Notably, PA28γ interacts with HDAC1 and accelerates its degradation via a 20S proteasome-dependent pathway. Additionally, PA28γ+ CAFs exert an impact on the tumor immune microenvironment by secreting IGF2. Excitingly, our study suggests that targeting PA28γ+ CAFs or secreted IGF2 could increase the efficacy of PD-L1 therapy. Thus, our findings reveal the pivotal role of PA28γ in cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment and propose novel strategies for augmenting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer , Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Histona Desacetilasa 1 , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Neoplasias de la Boca , Transducción de Señal , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Histona Desacetilasa 1/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 1/genética , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Animales , Ratones , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) improves the function of islets, especially in the setting of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Here we investigated how FXR activation regulates ß-cell proliferation and explored the potential link between FXR signaling and the menin pathway in controlling E2F3 expression, a key transcription factor for controlling adult ß-cell proliferation. Stimulation with the FXR agonist GW4064 or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) increased E2F3 expression and ß-cell proliferation. Consistently, E2F3 knockdown abolished GW4064-induced proliferation. Treatment with GW4064 increased E2F3 expression in ß-cells via enhancing Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1) recruitment, increasing the pro-transcriptional acetylation of histone H3 at the E2f3 promoter. GW4064 treatment also decreased the association between FXR and menin, leading to the induction of FXR-mediated SRC1 recruitment. Mimicking the impact of FXR agonists, RYGB also increased E2F3 expression and ß-cell proliferation in GK rats and SD rats. These findings unravel the crucial role of the FXR/menin signaling in epigenetically controlling E2F3 expression and ß-cell proliferation, a mechanism possibly underlying RYGB-induced ß-cell proliferation.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Epigénesis Genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares , Animales , Ratas , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/agonistas , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Ratas Wistar , Histonas/metabolismo , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologíaRESUMEN
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity., accounting for 7% of all female malignant tumors and 20%- 30% of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Multiple studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) has the potential to become a targeted target and marker for EM. However, the roles of circ_0001495 in EM are still unclear. Our research aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of circ_0001495 in EM. In this study, RT-PCR or western blot were conducted to determine mRNA and protein expression. cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8, EdU, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. Additionally, the targeting relationship between miR-34c-5p and circ_0001495 or E2F3 was confirmed through dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We found significant overexpression of circ_0001495 in EM tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0001495 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that circ_0001495 regulated E2F3 levels by interacting with miR-34c-5p in EESC. Furthermore, in vitro, miR-34c-5p inhibition or E2F3 overexpression could attenuate the effect of circ_0001495 silencing on EM progression. In addition, the vivo experiment demonstrated that inhibition of circ_0001495 could repress the development of endometriosis by regulating the miR-34c-5p/E2F3 axis. In conclusion, our study suggested that circ_0001495 promoted EM progression in vitro and in vivo through the miR-34c-5p/E2F3 axis, which might be a potential therapeutic target for EM.
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Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Endometriosis , MicroARNs , ARN Circular , Femenino , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Endometriosis/genética , Endometriosis/patología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , ARN Circular/metabolismo , ARN Circular/genética , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Proliferación Celular , Apoptosis , Movimiento Celular , AdultoRESUMEN
Early treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) has significantly improved clinical outcomes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is crucial for cancer progression. Thus, we investigated the role of FTO-dependent demethylation in RB and its underlying mechanisms. The biological behavior of RB cells was analyzed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation analysis, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. m6A modification was evaluated using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays, and E2F3 stability was assessed using Actinomycin D. The roles of FTO and E2F3 were also elucidated in vivo. These results indicated that FTO was highly expressed in RB cells with low m6A levels. FTO knockdown inhibited RB cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, FTO interference promoted m6A methylation of E2F3, which was recognized by YTHDF2, thereby reducing mRNA stability. E2F3 overexpression partially rescued the effects of FTO knockdown on biological behavior. Moreover, FTO knockdown reduced tumor weight, tumor volume, ki67 expression, and tumor cell infiltration by mediating E2F3. Taken together, FTO silencing inhibited the malignant processes of RB by suppressing E2F3 in an m6A-YTHD2-dependent manner. These findings suggest that FTO is a novel therapeutic target for RB.
Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Neoplasias de la Retina , Retinoblastoma , Humanos , Adenosina , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Retinoblastoma/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTS: Human bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urogenital system malignancy. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have been reported to be involved in the growth of various cancers. However, the expression patterns, prognostic value and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of the 8 E2Fs in BC have yet fully to be explored. METHODS AND STRATEGY: We investigated the differential expression of E2Fs in BC patients, the prognostic value and correlation with immune infiltration by analyzing a range of databases. RESULTS: We found that the mRNA expression levels of E2F1/2/3/4/5/7/8 were significantly higher in BC patients than that of control tissues. And the increased mRNA expression levels of all E2Fs were associated with tumor stage of BC. The survival analysis revealed that the elevated mRNA expression levels of E2F3/5/8 were significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of BC patients. And the genetic changes of E2Fs in BC patients were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we revealed that the E2F3/5/8 expressions were closely correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CONCLUSIONS: E2F3/5/8 might serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic direction for BC patients.
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Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Pronóstico , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , ARN Mensajero , Biomarcadores , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Therapy resistance is a major hurdle to the treatment of human malignant tumors. Both DNA damage repair and stem-like properties contribute to chemoresistance and radioresistance. E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, and promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells. Higher E2F3 level is associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Functional studies further showed that E2F3 promotes S-phage entry, DNA replication, DNA damage repair and stem-like properties. Accordingly, E2F3 knockdown sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents Adriamycin, Cisplatin, Olaparib and X-ray. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a downstream molecule of E2F3 signaling, mediating the effects of E2F3 on breast cancer cells. In an m6A methyltransferase METTL14-dependent manner, YTH RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) increase E2F3 mRNA stability and expression, promotes DNA damage repair and induces therapy resistance. These data demonstrate that YTHDF2-E2F3 pathway is a novel target to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Reparación del ADN , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal , Daño del ADN , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Circular RNAs exert vital functions in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). Circ_001422 has been confirmed to be involved in regulating OS progression, but its specific mechanism has not been clearly studied. This work aimed to analyze circ_001422's role in OS cell biological behaviors and the possible molecular mechanisms. This work carried out reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detecting circ_001422, E2F3 and miR-497-5p levels, whereas Cell counting kit-8 together with Transwell assays for measuring cell growth, migration as well as invasion abilities. Relation of miR-497-5p with E2F3, as well as circ_001422 with miR-497-5p was analyzed through dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Protein level was identified by western blot. According to our results, circ_001422 expression within OS tissue significantly increased compared with corresponding healthy samples. Inhibition of circ_001422 significantly decreased OS cell growth, invasion and migration. From mechanism research, miR-497-5p was proved as circ_001422's target, and E2F3 was miR-497-5p's target. Besides, miR-497-5p downregulation or E2F3 overexpression abolished circ_001422 inhibition-mediated inhibition on OS cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Collectively, this study has first suggested circ_001422's role in enhancing OS proliferation, migration as well as invasion via miR-497-5p/E2F3 axis. Our results will offer new ideas and new anti-OS targets.
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Neoplasias Óseas , MicroARNs , Osteosarcoma , Humanos , Osteosarcoma/genética , Western Blotting , Recuento de Células , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genéticaRESUMEN
Brevilin A, a natural sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Centipeda minima, has been found with antitumor properties. Our study probed the functions of Brevilin A in prostate cancer cells and the mechanisms among Brevilin A, lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 on the biological behaviors of the cells. CCK8, Transwell, and TUNEL staining assays examined the impact of Brevilin A on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot determined lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 profiles. The influence of Brevilin A on the profiles of lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 was measured. A xenograft model of prostate cancer nude mice was taken to confirm the impact of Brevilin A and lncRNA H19 on cancer cell growth. Consequently, Brevilin A dampened prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suppressed the expressions of lncRNA H19 and E2F3, and enhanced miR-194 level. LncRNA H19 and E2F3 were uplifted, whereas miR-194 was abated in prostate cancer cells and tissues. LncRNA H19 targeted miR-194 to positively modulate E2F3 expression, boosted DU145 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and curbed apoptosis. In the xenograft model, Brevilin A repressed tumor growth, whereas lncRNA H19 fostered tumor growth. Brevilin A suppressed the promotive effect of lncRNA H19 in PC cell growth in vivo. To conclude, Brevilin A modulates the biological behaviors of prostate cancer cells via the lncRNA H19/miR-194/E2F3 axis. Brevilin A exerts an anti-tumor function in prostate cancer.
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MicroARNs , Neoplasias de la Próstata , ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Ratones Desnudos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
The role of the majority of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive, despite their potential value, thus warranting in-depth studies. For example, detailed functions of the lncRNA POU6F2 antisense RNA 2 (POU6F2-AS2) in NSCLC are unknown. Herein, we investigated the expression status of POU6F2-AS2 in NSCLC. Furthermore, we systematically delineated the biological roles of POU6F2-AS2 in NSCLC alongside its downstream molecular events. We measured the expression levels of POU6F2-AS2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and performed a series of functional experiments to address its regulatory effects in NSCLC cells. Using bioinformatic platforms, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments, we investigated the potential mechanisms of POU6F2-AS2 in NSCLC. Subsequently, we confirmed the remarkable overexpression of POU6F2-AS2 in NSCLC using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our own cohort. Functionally, inhibiting POU6F2-AS2 decreased NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, and motility, whereas POU6F2-AS2 overexpression exhibited contrasting effects. Mechanistically, POU6F2-AS2 acts as an endogenous decoy for microRNA-125b-5p (miR-125b-5p) in NSCLC that causes the overexpression of the E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3). Moreover, suppressing miR-125b-5p or increasing E2F3 expression levels sufficiently recovered the anticarcinostatic activities in NSCLC induced by POU6F2-AS2 silencing. Thus, POU6F2-AS2 aggravates the oncogenicity of NSCLC by targeting the miR-125b-5p/E2F3 axis. Our findings suggest that POU6F2-AS2 is a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Factores del Dominio POU/genética , Factores del Dominio POU/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A growing number of studies have focused on the regulatory role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circRNA Keratin 14 (circKRT14) on the progression of esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: The levels of circKRT14, miR-1256 and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The circular structure of circKRT14 was confirmed by RNase R digestion assay. Cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by flow cytometry and transwell assay. The protein levels of related factors were determined by western blot. The relationship between miR-1256 and circKRT14 or E2F3 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of circKRT14 was studied by xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS: CircKRT14 was significantly increased in EC tissues and cells. CircKRT14 silencing inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted EC cell apoptosis in vitro. CircKRT1 acted as a sponge for miR-1256 in EC, and in-miR-1256 abolished the inhibitory effect of circKRT14 suppression on EC cell progression. E2F3 was a target of miR-1256 and functioned as an oncogene in EC cells. MiR-1256 curbed EC progression by downregulating E2F3. CircKRT14 could affect E2F3 expression by targeting miR-1256. CircKRT14 regulated EC progression in vivo through miR-1256/E2F3 axis. CONCLUSIONS: These results uncovered that circKRT14 up-regulated the expression of E2F3 and promoted the malignant development of EC through sponging miR-1256.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , MicroARNs , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , ARN Circular/genética , ARN Circular/metabolismo , AnimalesRESUMEN
Rationale: Dysregulation of signaling that governs self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is a major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Methods: qRT-PCR, western blotting, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the expression levels of MEX3A, KLF4 and E2F3 in CRC tissues. The biological functions of MEX3A were studied using Mex3a knockout (KO) and intestinal epithelium specific conditional knockout (cKO) mice, AOM-DSS mouse colorectal tumor model, Apc floxed mouse tumor model and intestinal and tumor organoids. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of MEX3A. Results: RNA-binding protein MEX3A, a specific ISC marker gene, becomes ectopically upregulated upon CRC and its levels negatively correlate with patient survival prognosis. MEX3A functions as an oncoprotein that retains cancer cells in undifferentiated and proliferative status and it enhances their radioresistance to DNA damage. Mechanistically, a rate limiting factor of cellular proliferation E2F3 induces MEX3A, which in turn activates WNT pathway by directly suppressing expression of its pro-differentiation transcription factor KLF4. Knockdown of MEX3A with siRNA or addition of KLF4 agonist significantly suppressed tumor growth both by increasing differentiation status of cancer cells and by suppressing their proliferation. Conclusions: It identifies E2F3-MEX3A-KLF4 axis as an essential coordinator of cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, representing a potent new druggable target for cancer differentiation therapy.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel/genética , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive and lethal human malignancy. The current study was established with the aim of studying the role of the lncRNA NEAT1 in regulating the growth and progression of esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines showed significantly (P<0.05) upregulated transcript levels of lncRNA NEAT1. The expression of NEAT1 was also upregulated in metastatic tissues compared to nonmetastatic. The elimination of lncRNA NEAT1 led to a significant decrease (P<0.05) decrease in the viabilities of cancer cells due to the induction of apoptosis. Cancer cell migration and invasion were also significantly reduced (P<0.05) upon lncRNA NEAT1. In silico analysis indicated that miR-377 targets lncRNA NEAT1 at the post-transcriptional level, whose overexpression in cancer cells was found to mimic the tumor-suppressive regulatory effects of lncRNA-NEAT1. At the molecular level, the regulatory effects of lncRNA NEAT1 were shown to be modulated by the miR-377/E2F3 signaling axis. The results suggest that the molecular targeting of the lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-377/E2F3 axis could prove beneficial in the management of esophageal cancer.
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Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Neoplasias Esofágicas , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the initiation and development of various cancers. This study explored the potential contribution of hsa_hsa_circ_0081069 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: The gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Functional roles of hsa_circ_0081069 were examined by shRNA-mediated silencing using CCK-8 proliferation assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay, tube formation assay. The tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC cells were assess in a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0081069 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Hsa_circ_0081069 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion in CRC cells, as well as the angiogenesis. Silencing hsa_circ_0081069 also impaired the tumorigenesis of CRC cells in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, miR-665 was identified as an interacting partner of hsa_circ_0081069, which was negatively regulated by hsa_circ_0081069. miR-665 targeted the mRNA of E2F3 to suppress its expression. We further demonsatred that miR-665/E2F3 axis mediated the functional role of hsa_circ_0081069 in regulating the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study suggests that hsa_circ_0081069 could serve as a prognostic marker in progression of CRC. Targeting hsa_circ_0081069 and miR-665/E2F3 axis could serve as potential therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , MicroARNs , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinogénesis/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Liver cancer is a prevalent tumor with high incidence and mortality. MicroRNAs participate in cancer pathogenesis and miR-15a-5p may influence tumor suppression in many cancers. Herein, we analyzed the effect of miR-15a-5p in liver cancer cell migration, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. RT-PCR was performed to measure miR-15a-5p expression levels, transwell assays were applied to investigate the effect of miR-15a-5p on cell migration, and flow cytometry was performed to explore the impact of miR-15a-5p on apoptosis and the cell cycle in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting were employed to determinate the relationship between E2F3 and miR-15a-5p in liver cancer cells. Expression of E2F3 was detected by bioinformatics analysis and RT-PCR in liver cancer. Small interfering RNA (si-RNA) was used to silence E2F3 expression and assess the effect on migration, apoptosis, and the cell cycle in Hep3B/HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that miR-15a-5p was downregulated in human liver cancer tissue, and enhancing the expression of miR-15a-5p suppressed migration in liver cancer cells, induced apoptosis, and caused G1 phase arrest. In vivo assays were further performed and miR-15a-5p inhibited the growth of liver cancer. miR-15a-5p appeared to target E2F3, and RT-PCR and bioinformatic analyses indicated that E2F3 expression was higher in liver cancer than control tissues. Silencing E2F3 expression decreased cell migration, induced apoptosis, and caused G1 phase arrest in Hep3B/HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that miR-15a-5p regulates liver cancer cell migration, apoptosis, and growth by targeting E2F3. Thus, miR-15a-5p may act as a suppressor role in liver cancer.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroARNs , Apoptosis/genética , Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we identified the ceRNA mechanism of circ_0000654 regulation in ESCC. METHODS: The levels of circ_0000654, E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), and microRNA (miR)-375 were gauged by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell colony formation was tested by colony formation assay. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to confirm the direct relationship between miR-375 and circ_0000654 or E2F3. Xenograft model assays were used to evaluate the effect of circ_0000654 in vivo. RESULTS: Circ_0000654 and E2F3 were upregulated in ESCC. Circ_0000654 depletion enhanced cell apoptosis and hindered cell proliferation and glycolysis in vitro, as well as weakened tumor growth in vivo. Increased expression of E2F3 counteracted the effects of circ_0000654 depletion. Mechanistically, E2F3 was a target of miR-375, and circ_0000654 modulated E2F3 expression through sequestering miR-375. Furthermore, miR-375 upregulation phenocopied circ_0000654 knockdown in inhibiting ESCC progression. CONCLUSION: Our findings identify a new circ_0000654/miR-375/E2F3 ceRNA crosstalk for the oncogenic role of circ_0000654 in ESCC and establish a notion that targeting circ_0000654 and its pathways may have the potential to improve ESCC outcome.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago , MicroARNs , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previously, we had analyzed the prognosis of E2F transcription factors across adult tumor types. However, the expressions and prognosis of E2F transcription factors in pediatric neuroblastoma have not yet been fully studied. METHODS: The prognosis of E2F transcription factors was determined in four independent pediatric neuroblastoma cohorts from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and European ArrayExpres datasets using Kaplan-Meier and cox regression analysis. RESULTS: E2F regulated gene set was associated with the event free survival and the overall survival of neuroblastoma. E2F1 and E2F3 were prognostic factors in all four independent pediatric neuroblastoma cohorts. Over-expressions of E2F1 or E2F3 were correlated with the shorted event free survival and overall survival of neuroblastoma. Expression levels of E2F1 and E2F3 were higher in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification or age at diagnosis ≥ 18 months. Moreover, the prognostic significance of E2F1 or E2F3 in neuroblastoma was independent of MYCN amplification and age of diagnosis. Combinations of E2F1, E2F3 with MYCN amplification or age of diagnosis achieved better prognosis of neuroblastoma. Identification of 234 genes were associated with E2F1 and E2F3 expressions in neuroblastoma and those genes were significantly enriched in cell cycle signaling pathway. Also, higher scores of cell cycle signaling pathway were correlated with the adverse prognosis of neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS: E2F transcription factors E2F1 and E2F3 were prognostic makers of neuroblastoma.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Transcripción E2F1 , Neuroblastoma , Niño , Factor de Transcripción E2F1/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Humanos , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica N-Myc , Neuroblastoma/genética , PronósticoRESUMEN
The retinoblastoma (RB) protein family members (pRB, p107 and p130) are key regulators of cell cycle progression, but also play crucial roles in apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. RB proteins exert their effects through binding to E2F transcription factors, which are essential developmental and physiological regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis. According to the canonical view, phosphorylation of RB results in release of E2Fs and induction of genes needed for progress of the cell cycle. However, there are eight members in the E2F transcription factor family with both activator (E2F1-3a) and repressor (E2F3b-E2F8) roles, highlighting the functional diversity of RB-E2F pathway. In this review article we summarize the data showing that RB-E2F interaction is a key cell-autonomous mechanism responsible for establishment and maintenance of lifelong male fertility. We also review the expression pattern of RB proteins and E2F transcription factors in the testis and male germ cells. The available evidence supports that RB and E2F family members are widely and dynamically expressed in the testis, and they are known to have versatile roles during spermatogenesis. Knowledge of the function and significance of RB-E2F interplay for testicular development and spermatogenesis comes primarily from gene knock-out (KO) studies. Several studies conducted in Sertoli cell-specific pRB-KO mice have demonstrated that pRB-mediated inhibition of E2F3 is essential for Sertoli cell functional maturation and cell cycle exit, highlighting that RB-E2F interaction in Sertoli cells is paramount to male fertility. Similarly, ablation of either pRB or E2F1 in the germline results in progressive testicular atrophy due to germline stem cell (GSC) depletion, emphasizing the importance of proper RB-E2F interplay for germline maintenance and lifelong sperm production. In summary, while balanced RB-E2F interplay is essential for cell-autonomous maintenance of GSCs and, the pRB-E2F3 system in Sertoli cells is critical for providing GSC niche thus laying the basis for spermatogenesis.
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Neoplasias de la Retina , Retinoblastoma , Animales , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Fertilidad , Masculino , Ratones , Retinoblastoma/genética , Proteína de Retinoblastoma/genética , Proteína de Retinoblastoma/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is an enigmatic childhood malignancy characterised by a wide range of clinical behaviour. Many potential oncogenes for NB have recently been identified. Among them, E2 transcription factor 3 (E2F3) expression was associated with a poor survival in 134 stage 4S patients, but evidence for other stage groups remains poorly investigated. METHODS: We have analysed the expression of E2F3 gene from a database of 786 NB samples. Overall and event-free survivals (EFS) were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, splitting the data on the median and tertile expression values. The Cox model was applied to control for the confounding by stage, age and MYCN amplification. Validation was performed by an in silico analysis of an independent cohort of 283 NB patients. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence analysis on 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NB specimens was also performed. RESULTS: E2F3 overexpression was associated with a poor survival (EFS = 84%, 95% CI: 79%-95%, for low expression levels; EFS = 62%, 95% CI: 56%-68% for middle levels; EFS = 30%, 95% CI: 24%-36%, for high levels, p < .001). This association was confirmed in multivariable analysis and was more evident in patients with MYCN not-amplified and localised stages. Immunofluorescence results and the validation on an independent cohort of NB primary samples confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS: E2F3 is a new potential prognostic marker in NB with favourable characteristics at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of E2F3 in NB oncogenesis and progression, in order to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Asunto(s)
Amplificación de Genes , Neuroblastoma , Niño , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F3/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica N-Myc/genética , Neuroblastoma/patología , PronósticoRESUMEN
The RB1 gene is frequently mutated in human cancers but its role in tumorigenesis remains incompletely defined. Using an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of hereditary retinoblastoma (RB), we report that the spliceosome is an up-regulated target responding to oncogenic stress in RB1-mutant cells. By investigating transcriptomes and genome occupancies in RB iPSCderived osteoblasts (OBs), we discover that both E2F3a, which mediates spliceosomal gene expression, and pRB, which antagonizes E2F3a, coregulate more than one-third of spliceosomal genes by cobinding to their promoters or enhancers. Pharmacological inhibition of the spliceosome in RB1-mutant cells leads to global intron retention, decreased cell proliferation, and impaired tumorigenesis. Tumor specimen studies and genome-wide TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) expression profile analyses support the clinical relevance of pRB and E2F3a in modulating spliceosomal gene expression in multiple cancer types including osteosarcoma (OS). High levels of pRB/E2F3aregulated spliceosomal genes are associated with poor OS patient survival. Collectively, these findings reveal an undiscovered connection between pRB, E2F3a, the spliceosome, and tumorigenesis, pointing to the spliceosomal machinery as a potentially widespread therapeutic vulnerability of pRB-deficient cancers.