RESUMEN
The transfer factor (TF) of naturally occurring radioactivity between soil and olive mill pomace (OMP) was calculated in this study. Nine samples were collected from three locations in north Jordan. The study focused on calculating the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs activity concentrations in both soil and OMP samples using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The average activity levels in the soil samples were determined to be 24.0±10.1, 31.3±9.1, 323.7±68.4, and 1.0±0.4 (Bqkg-1), respectively. In the OMP samples, the average activity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 6.7±1.8, 3.2±1.2, and 185.5±56.6 (Bqkg-1), respectively, while no trace of 137Cs was detected. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soils and OMP samples are within the average worldwide ranges. The calculated values of the TF geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were determined to be 0.35 (0.2), 0.11 (0.05), and 0.59 (0.19), respectively. This research offers valuable information about the behavior and movement of radionuclides in the environment.
Asunto(s)
Olea , Monitoreo de Radiación , Radiactividad , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Espectrometría gamma , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
The levels of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil, grass, and milk were measured in this study in order to calculate the transfer factor of radionuclides from soil to grass and grass to milk obtained from Erbil governorate in Iraq. High efficiency gamma spectrometry used for the measurement. It has been determined that the mean activity concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K are 3.08, 8.37, and 253 BqKg-1 in soil, 0.5, 0.39, and 203.05 BqKg-1, in grass, and 0.29, 0.084, and 29.69 BqL-1, in milk, respectively. For soil to grass, the transfer factor values for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 0.18, 0.052, and 0.84, respectively, for soil to grass. For grass to milk, the transfer factor values for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 0.45, 0.166, and 0.11 dayL-1, respectively. The average transfer factor for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K in all samples were lower than the world average value.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo de Radiación , Radiactividad , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo , Animales , Suelo/química , Poaceae/química , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Leche/química , Irak , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos/análisisRESUMEN
The study aims to provide a basis for measures reducing the consequences of a nuclear accident in its late phase, when plant contamination occurs mainly through the root system. Samples of the above-ground biomass of crops and soil were taken in 2020 in the vicinity of the Temelín and Dukovany nuclear power plants (Czech Republic). The 137Cs activities were determined using gamma spectrometry, and the 90Sr activities were measured through beta radiation. From the obtained values, the radionuclide transfer factors (TFs) from soil to crop biomass were calculated. The average area activity of 137Cs in the soil around Dukovany and Temelín was 1700 and 2400 Bq m-2, respectively. The average area activity of 90Sr around Dukovany and Temelín was 211 and 184 Bq m-2, respectively. The TF 137Cs ranged from < 6.3 × 10-6 to 7.9 × 10-3, with a mean of 3.5 × 10-4 m2 kg-1, and the TF 90Sr ranged from 2.7 × 10-4 to 6 × 10-2, with a mean of 1.7 × 10-2 m2 kg-1.
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Cesio , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Productos Agrícolas , Suelo , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
Transfer parameters are key inputs for modeling radionuclide transfer in the environment and estimating risk to humans and wildlife. However, there are no data for many radionuclide-foodstuff/wildlife species combinations. The use of parameters derived from stable element data when data for radionuclides are lacking is increasingly common. But, do radionuclides and stable elements behave in a sufficiently similar way in the environment? To answer this question, at least for soil to plant transfer, sampling was conducted in four different countries (England, Kazakhstan, Spain and Ukraine) affected by different anthropogenic radionuclide source terms (in chronological order: global fallout, Semipalatinsk Test Site, the 1957 Windscale accident and the 1986 Chernobyl accident) together with a bibliographical review. Soil to grass transfer parameters (ratio between dry matter concentrations in plant and soil), Fv, for 137Cs and 90Sr were significantly higher than those for stable elements, suggesting that the use of the latter could lead to underestimating radionuclide concentrations in plant samples Transfer parameters for 137Cs and stable Cs were linearly correlated, with a slope of 1.54. No such correlation was observed for 90Sr and stable Sr, the mean value of the 90Sr:Sr ratio was 35 ranging (0.33-126); few data were available for the Sr comparison. The use of radionuclide transfer parameters, whenever possible, is recommended over derivation from stable element concentrations. However, we acknowledge that for many radionuclides there will be few or no radionuclide data from environmental studies. From analyses of the data collated there is evidence of a decreasing trend in the Fv(137Cs)/Fv(Cs) ratio with time from the Chernobyl accident.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo de Radiación , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Humanos , Plantas , Suelo , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
The current quality control methods relying mainly on chromogenic reaction can hardly ensure the quality and safety of the biochemical drug with complex chemical composition. Therefore, a chromatographic fingerprint method was developed for the quality evaluation of a multicomponent biochemical drug, transfer factor injection. High-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was measured by using a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-water and 0.085% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile under gradient elution. The developed method was validated and was subsequently applied to 57 batches of commercial products which were sampled by National Drug Assessment Program. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed on characteristic peaks of fingerprints, and a series of amino acids, nucleosides, and deoxynucleosides were identified. In the fingerprint assessments, principal component analysis and Hotelling T2 analysis yielded the best results. The results generally indicated that there was a significant difference among products of batch-to-batch or from different manufacturers. Abnormal samples and its discriminatory components were also explored. In summary, the established fingerprinting method with multivariate statistical analysis could offer an efficient, reliable, and practical approach for quality consistency evaluation of transfer factor injection, providing a reference for the quality control of other multicomponent biochemical drugs.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Análisis Multivariante , Análisis de Componente Principal , Control de Calidad , Factor de Transferencia/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Specific anti-influenza virus and normal transfer factors prepared in an experimental animal model, the pig, have been tested for their components, characteristics, and activity of known specificity. Two transfer factors are small molecular mixture which consist entirely or partly of polypeptides and polynucleosides. Moreover, the biological activity of transfer factors could be approved by Rosettes test and specific skin test. The study would lay a foundation for the research and development of other specific transfer factor.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Vacunas contra la Influenza , Gripe Humana/terapia , Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Factor de Transferencia/aislamiento & purificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la Influenza/efectos adversos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Conejos , Distribución Aleatoria , Formación de Roseta , Porcinos , Factor de Transferencia/efectos adversos , Factor de Transferencia/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. One potential candidate, bDLE (dialysis at 10 to 12 kDa cut-off) and its fractions ("S" and "L" by 3.5 kDa cut-off and I, II, III, and IV by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Lysteria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) using standard antimicrobial assays. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bDLE and its fractions was determined by agar and broth dilutions methods. Only bDLE and its "S" fraction had an effect upon all bacteria evaluated (MIC ranging from 0.29 to 0.62 U/ml), and the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects (evaluated by MTT assay) were bacterial species-dependent. These results showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial property of bDLE against several pathogenic bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Factor de Transferencia/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Bovinos , Cromatografía en Gel/métodos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Soluciones para Diálisis/análisis , Soluciones para Diálisis/química , Soluciones para Diálisis/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Bacterias Gramnegativas/clasificación , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Grampositivas/clasificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Peso Molecular , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
Activity of transfer-factor (TF) delayed type hypersensitivity in allogenic and xenogeneic have studied. Guinea pigs was been sensibilized Soluble antigens and whole cells Candida albicans for production TF. Both TF expressed non specific and specific activity in the guinea pig and mouse leucocytes inhibition migration in vitro and delayed type hypersensitivity in mica. Activity of TF to cellular antigen was lower then TF to soluble antigen in xenogeneic systems. However TF activity was some low for whole cells in xenogeneic systems.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Antígenos Fúngicos/inmunología , Candida albicans/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/análisis , Animales , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular , Inmunización/métodos , Ratones , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
Previous studies have described that there are different types of disease in patients with established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different clinical course and functional responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of low transfer factor (LTF) values can predict the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, and to assess whether this group has different risk factors that may be related with the responses. Eighty patients with COPD were evaluated on three occasions. Initial assessment included a standard respiratory questionnaire, blood analysis, skin prick test and baseline lung function, all performed on the first visit. Bronchodilator response was evaluated after low (0.2 mg) and high (1 mg) doses of salbutamol, and after 2 weeks of oral prednisone. In patients with normal TLCO/VA % (NTF), a higher proportion of subjects with previous history of atopy was the only statistically significant difference compared to those with LTF (odds ratio 4.33; 95% confidence interval 1.06-25.15). Although the mean response in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to treatment was analogous in both groups, when bronchodilation was expressed as percent of predicted, there was a clear trend to a lower response in patients with LTF (0.2 mg salbutamol: 6.99 +/- 5.64 vs. 8.94 +/- 6. 61, p = 0.15; 1 mg salbutamol: 10.18 +/- 6.37 vs. 13.45 +/- 7.90, p < 0.05; oral prednisone: 5.51 +/- 6.94 vs. 8.74 +/- 10.81, p = 0.06). The percentage of patients who had >12% improvement from that predicted in FEV1 was also lower in this group (42 vs. 72%; p < 0. 05). Moreover, TLCO/VA% was significantly lower in those subjects with a negative bronchodilator trial with salbutamol (68 +/- 25 vs. 81 +/- 26; p < 0.05) and prednisone (69 +/- 26 vs. 90 +/- 22; p < 0. 01). In patients with LTF and NTF, airway responsiveness was only significantly related with basal airflow limitation (LTF, r = 0.44; NTF, r = 0.38). All other interaction terms were not statistically significant. These results indicate that in patiens with similar serverity of COPD, the presence of LTF indicates a decreased probability of a positive bronchodilator response, probably reflecting different pathological lesions. We suggest that transfer factor should be taken into consideration when bronchial response is evaluated in large clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Albuterol/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Factor de Transferencia/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Albuterol/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Broncodilatadores/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prednisona/farmacología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
Measuring haemodynamic performance in children is either invasive, and thus unacceptable, or noninvasive when the measured variable is often remote from the true variable. Measuring only maximum performance variables relies too heavily on motivation, especially in disease groups. We describe a method for the measurement of haemodynamic performance using respiratory mass spectrometry during rest, exercise and recovery therefrom. One hundred and six healthy children (55 male, 51 female) aged 8-16.9 yrs underwent an identical exercise protocol. Following studies at rest, they initially bicycled at 25 W x m(-2), increasing every 3 min by 15 W x m(-2) until exhaustion, after which measurements were made during recovery. Effective pulmonary blood flow, stroke volume, oxygen consumption, arteriovenous oxygen difference and functional residual capacity (FRC) together with estimates of pulmonary capillary blood volume and transit time were assessed at every exercise stage using inert gas rebreathing techniques. Haemodynamic performance is highly dependent on surface area, age, gender and pubertal stage. Many parameters, for example transfer factor, demonstrate pubertal stage-dependent differences at identical workloads even after correction for size. Females have a lower capillary blood volume at rest compared to age and size-matched males, but it is equalized during exercise. FRC unexpectedly rose with exercise, and peak exercise was associated with a falling stroke volume in 91% (95% CI 84-96%) of children, a possible demonstration of Starling's law of the heart. Oxygen pulse (oxygen consumption/cardiac frequency) is a very poor marker for pulmonary blood flow. Normal values are provided for all haemodynamic parameters for rest and every exercise stage for all subgroups of children. This should allow accurate comparison of normal and disease groups in future.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Femenino , Capacidad Residual Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Oxígeno/sangre , Consumo de Oxígeno , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Valores de Referencia , Descanso , Factores Sexuales , Volumen Sistólico , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the transfer factor for the lung (TL) were measured before and after the 8-h work shift in groups of welders and non-welder controls in a shipyard. For each subject, full-shift average concentrations of welding fume constituents were evaluated. On the average, the lung function indices in both groups of welders and controls decreased from morning through afternoon. The welders demonstrated more reduction in the indices than the control group. In general, there was no significant association between the acute changes in the lung function and the daily amount of exposure to welding fume constituents or the welding environmental factors. However, the overall difference of mean diurnal variations in TL between the groups working under different ventilation condition was significant (P < 0.01). On the average, welders who did not use any ventilation system showed maximum reduction in TL value. Acute reduction of FEV1 was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the levels of iron oxide produced during welding.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Humo/efectos adversos , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Capacidad Vital/efectos de los fármacos , Soldadura , Adulto , Compuestos Férricos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/fisiología , Masculino , Manganeso/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado , Óxido de Zinc/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Activity of Salmonella-specific dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) prepared from mesenteric lymphatic nodes of calves and stabilized with bovine albumin was studied in this work. The effect of ambient temperature and storage period on the activity of DLE was evaluated. Testing for DLE activity by means of capillary leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assay showed that DLE stabilized with albumin retained 60% of its activity for 12 months of storage at 4 degrees C. This level of activity was retained in the native DLE (without albumin) kept at -20 degrees C. DLE stabilized with albumin and stored for 12 months at 4 degrees C inhibited the penetration of salmonellae into the liver and spleen, and their colonization in the gastrointestinal tract was significantly reduced.
Asunto(s)
Salmonelosis Animal/inmunología , Salmonella typhimurium/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Albúminas/inmunología , Animales , Vacunas Bacterianas , Bovinos , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Inmunización , Leucocitos/inmunología , Mesenterio , Ratones , Salmonelosis Animal/prevención & controlRESUMEN
A study on caesium contamination in human milk, as a consequence of the Chernobyl fallout, was conducted in 1989 on a group of women from one of the areas of northern Italy most heavily affected by the radioactive fallout. Their diet was studied, and the caesium intake was calculated by using the mean food activity concentration in that area. The caesium transfer factor was evaluated both as the ratio of caesium concentration in mother's milk to the daily intake, and by using a simplified milk compartment model.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Contaminación Radiactiva de Alimentos , Leche Humana/química , Reactores Nucleares , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Femenino , Geografía , Humanos , Italia , Embarazo , Ceniza Radiactiva , UcraniaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and time-related changes in lung function, i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and transfer factor (KCO) in HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts less than 400 x 10(6)/l. 66 males with no history of HIV-related pulmonary symptoms participated in a prospective lung function study for 9 months with 3-month intervals between examinations. 15/66 patients (23%) developed acute pulmonary symptoms, i.e. dyspnea (n = 12), cough (n = 13), fever greater than 38 degrees C (n = 13) and interstitial infiltrates on the X-ray (n = 9). Among the 51 asymptomatic patients, a significant time-related decrease in KCO (median decrease of 7%) was found, whereas no significant change in FEV1 or VC was observed during the study. Baseline KCO, i.e. KCO at entry, was found to be significantly higher in the asymptomatic patients (102% predicted (pred.) than in those patients who developed pneumonia (88% pred.). Development of pulmonary symptoms was both followed by a significant decrease in KCO (median decrease 17%), FEV1 and VC. We therefore conclude that HIV-infected patients with impaired immune function have in the absence of pulmonary symptoms a decrease in KCO. In case of pneumonia an acute decrease in both KCO, FEV1 and VC occurs.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Adulto , Broncoscopía , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/fisiopatología , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía/complicaciones , Neumonía/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Capacidad de Difusión Pulmonar , Factores de Tiempo , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Capacidad VitalRESUMEN
Analytic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed to separate from the crude lysed human leukocyte ultrafiltrate (LLU) its partially purified most immunoactive subfraction P2/II in vivo. Under conditions used, the highest degree of segregation of both. LLU and P2/II could be observed in the first, as well as in the last two fifth of the water-methanol gradient. The comparison of the RP-HPLC traces of LLU and P2/II suggests that probably some hydrophilic components of LLU have been removed or--at least--diminished. The preliminary amino acid analysis (AA) of the selected peaks showed that none of them lacks Gly, Ser, and Glu. Of the basic amino acid residues Lys has been found with relatively many peaks while hydrophobic as well as aromatic amino acids have been represented very modestly. Further study is warranted in order to determine better the bearings of presented findings for the in vivo situation.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/análisis , Leucocitos/análisis , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Factor de Transferencia/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In the first description of transfer factor in 1955, Lawrence defined it as "the active principle in viable leukocytes, leukocyte extracts and leukocyte dialysates obtained from immune human donors which has the capacity to transfer cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in vivo to nonimmune recipients". The dialysates are reported to contain a number of antigen-independent activities affecting monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. In some cases these "nonspecific" activities separate out with the fraction causing skin test conversion, but it has not been shown that the same molecule is responsible for both effects. Chemical structure of transfer factor (TF) has not been defined, yet. Its m.w. is 2000-3500. TF has been used to treat a wide range of clinical disorders, including immunodeficiency diseases, neoplasms, chronic fungal, viral and bacterial infections with varying degrees of reported success. The reports on the efficacy of TF in the prevention of varicella in childhood leukemia evoked renewed interest in possible clinical applications of this leukocyte derived material. There is no convenient animal in vivo model of TF activity investigations, and there is no sensitive and reproducible in vitro assay in regard to its activity and specificity. In presented paper the passive transfer of DTH to tuberculin in guinea pigs was reported, both by intact lymphocytes as well as by its crude homogenate. Sephadex column fractionation of crude leukocyte extract have been done. Attempts to define the in vitro activity of leukocyte extract as well as its fractions by leukocyte migration inhibition test have been made.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/inmunología , Animales , Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Cobayas , Inmunidad Celular/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva , Formación de Roseta , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
Impairments of lung functionality as long-term effects of cigarette smoking have been well established. To our knowledge, no study on acute recovery patterns in any important lung function index after smoking a very limited number of cigarettes has ever been reported. The present study reports recovery patterns of lung transfer factor (TF) and related parameters in smokers and non-smokers who smoked two Camel cigarettes. Lung transfer factor and other indices were determined by the single breath-holding technique. From our results, the TF and related indices of healthy Malaysians are similar to previously published normals of comparable age. On smoking two cigarettes, male smokers began to recover from the 30th minute; male non-smokers had not begun recovery even by the 50th minute. Extrapolation of the recovery curves suggests that a "safer" interval between cigarettes for male smokers is about 114 minutes.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/fisiología , Fumar/fisiopatología , Factor de Transferencia/análisis , Adulto , Humanos , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Malasia , MasculinoRESUMEN
Transfer factor specific for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (TFHSV-1) was prepared from splenic cells of HSV-1 immunized mice. Protection was transferred with TFHSV-1 to nonimmune mouse recipients. The TFHSV-1 injected mice had a higher survival rate after lethal HSV-1 challenge as compared to mice injected with a nonspecific transfer factor (P less than 0.05). 51Cr-labelled leukocyte adherence inhibition (51-Cr-LAI) test was used to demonstrate the specific activity of transfer factor in vitro. Only leukocytes incubated with TFHSV-1 exhibited significant adherence inhibition (P less than 0.01) to HSV-1 antigen, but not to control antigen. Specific activity component of TFHSV-1 (STFc) was separated by affinity adsorption with the antigen. Activity of STFc in 51Cr-LAI test was significantly higher than that of TFHSV-1 (P less than 0.01). Ratio activity of STFc in protective host immunity was 16 times as much as that of TFHSV-1. STFc was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and isoelectric focusing in the polyacrylamide gel. Results revealed that STFc appeared to be a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 12,870 dalton.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Herpes Simple/inmunología , Simplexvirus/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/inmunología , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Epítopos , Inmunidad Celular , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Prueba de Inhibición de Adhesión Leucocitaria , Leucocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Peso Molecular , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
The dialyzable transfer factor (TF) was prepared from spleen and lymph node cells of either normal (TFn) or infected (TFi) mice with Trypanosoma cruzi. The ability of TFn and TFi in transferring cellular immunity to T. cruzi antigens was assessed by the macrophage migration inhibition assay and lymphocyte transformation test. The results obtained with these two immunological assays indicated that only TFi is able to transfer cellular immune responses. This phenomenon was antigen specific. The content of free amino acids in TFi preparation was higher than in TFn. However, our data indicated that the stimulation of lymphocyte transformation is not due to the increase in glycine and serine. This activity of TFi required the addition of T. cruzi antigens. Our findings support the hypothesis that TFi is derived from immune RNA.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Enfermedad de Chagas/inmunología , Factor de Transferencia/inmunología , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Animales , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Cromatografía , Activación de Linfocitos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Nylons , Factor de Transferencia/análisisRESUMEN
The interactions between dialyzable transfer factor and antigens have been studied. Incubation of transfer factor-containing dialysates from ferritin-sensitized mice or ferritin-coated plastic surfaces removed the antigen-sensitizing activity; incubations of the same preparations on cytochrome c-coated surfaces did not. Similar results were obtained when cytochrome c-transfer factor was studied. Incubation on cytochrome c-coated surfaces removed the activity, but incubation on ferritin-coated surfaces did not. Specific transfer factor activities could be recovered by elution with 8 M urea or acetonitrile. The finding of interactions between transfer factor and antigens provides evidence for a molecular basis of the specificity of the immunologic effects of transfer factor. This technique may also enable us to obtain amounts of specific material that are adequate for chemical analysis.