Early vocational rehabilitation and psychological support for trauma patients to improve return to work (the ROWTATE trial): study protocol for an individually randomised controlled multicentre pragmatic trial.

BACKGROUND: Moderately severe or major trauma (injury severity score (ISS) > 8) is common, often resulting in physical and psychological problems and leading to difficulties in returning to work. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) can improve return to work/education in some injuries (e.g. traumatic brain and spinal cord injury), but evidence is lacking for other moderately severe or major trauma. METHODS: ROWTATE is an individually randomised controlled multicentre pragmatic trial of early VR and psychological support in trauma patients. It includes an internal pilot, economic evaluation, a process evaluation and an implementation study. Participants will be screened for eligibility and recruited within 12 weeks of admission to eight major trauma centres in England. A total of 722 participants with ISS > 8 will be randomised 1:1 to VR and psychological support (where needed, following psychological screening) plus usual care or to usual care alone. The ROWTATE VR intervention will be provided within 2 weeks of study recruitment by occupational therapists and where needed, by clinical psychologists. It will be individually tailored and provided for ≤ 12 months, dependent on participant need. Baseline assessment will collect data on demographics, injury details, work/education status, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic distress, disability, recovery expectations, financial stress and health-related quality of life. Participants will be followed up by postal/telephone/online questionnaires at 3, 6 and 12 months post-randomisation. The primary objective is to establish whether the ROWTATE VR intervention plus usual care is more effective than usual care alone for improving participants' self-reported return to work/education for at least 80% of pre-injury hours at 12 months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include other work outcomes (e.g. hours of work/education, time to return to work/education, sickness absence), depression, anxiety, post-traumatic distress, work self-efficacy, financial stress, purpose in life, health-related quality of life and healthcare/personal resource use. The process evaluation and implementation study will be described elsewhere. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide robust evidence regarding a VR intervention for a major trauma population. Evidence of a clinically and cost-effective VR intervention will be important for commissioners and providers to enable adoption of VR services for this large and important group of patients within the NHS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: 43115471. Registered 27/07/2021.

What affects implementation of the UK major trauma rehabilitation prescription? A survey informed by the behaviour change wheel.

OBJECTIVE: Major trauma 'Rehabilitation Prescriptions' aim to facilitate continuity of care and describe patient needs following discharge from UK Major Trauma Centre (MTCs), however research suggests rehabilitation prescriptions are not being implemented as intended. We aimed to identify factors influencing completion and use of rehabilitation prescriptions using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). DESIGN: Online survey informed by the TDF and BCW. SETTING: UK trauma rehabilitation pathway. POPULATION: Rehabilitation and trauma service providers involved in completing and/or using rehabilitation prescriptions (n = 78). ANALYSIS: Mean scores were calculated for TDF behavioural domains, identifying facilitators (score ≥5) and barriers (≤3.5) to rehabilitation prescription implementation. Thematic analysis of free text data informed by the BCW/TDF identified further facilitators and barriers, plus potential behaviour change strategies. RESULTS: Most respondents worked in UK MTCs (n = 63) and were physiotherapists (n = 34), trauma rehabilitation coordinators (n = 16) or occupational therapists (n = 15). 'Social/professional role and identity', 'knowledge' and 'emotion' (the highest-scoring TDF domains) were facilitators to implementing rehabilitation prescriptions. Qualitative data identified barriers to rehabilitation prescription completion, including 'seen as tick-box exercise','not a priority', lack of resources (IT and workforce), poor inter-service communication, limited knowledge/training. Facilitators included therapist buy-in, standardised training, easy inter-service rehabilitation prescription transfer, usefulness for sharing patient needs. CONCLUSIONS: Although rehabilitation prescriptions are valued by some service providers, their effectiveness is hindered by negative attitudes, limited knowledge and poor communication. Uncertainties exist about whether rehabilitation prescriptions achieve their goals, particularly in documenting patient needs, engaging patients in rehabilitation, and informing onward referrals following MTC discharge. Improving IT systems, empowering patients, redirecting funding, and providing training might improve their usage. Further research should explore service provider and patient perspectives, and prospective long-term follow-up on outcomes of rehabilitation prescription recommendations.

Unmet rehabilitation needs in the first 6 months post-injury in a trauma centre population with moderate-to-severe traumatic injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the needs for subacute inpatient rehabilitation and community-based healthcare services, rehabilitation, and social support in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic injury in the first 6 months post-injury. Further, to explore associations between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and unmet needs. DESIGN: Multicentre prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Of 601 persons (75% males), mean (standard deviation) age 47 (21) years, admitted to trauma centres in 2020 with moderate-to-severe injury, 501 patients responded at the 6-month follow-up and thus were included in the analyses. METHODS: Sociodemographic and injury-related characteristics were recorded at inclusion. Estimation of needs was assessed with the Rehabilitation Complexity Scale Extended-Trauma and the Needs and Provision Complexity Scale on hospital discharge. Provision of services was recorded 6 months post-injury. Multivariable logistic regressions explored associations between baseline variables and unmet inpatient rehabilitation and community-based service needs. RESULTS: In total, 20% exhibited unmet needs for subacute inpatient rehabilitation, compared with 60% for community-based services. Predictors for unmet community-based service needs included residing in less central areas, profound injury severity, severe head injury, and rehabilitation referral before returning home. CONCLUSION: Inadequate provision of healthcare and rehabilitation services, particularly in the municipalities, resulted in substantial unmet needs in the first 6 months following injury.

Needs for Community-Based Rehabilitation Services and Support 12 Months After Moderate and Severe Physical Traumatic Injuries: A Brief Report.

ABSTRACT: Patients with physical traumatic injuries frequently require long-term rehabilitation services. To strengthen rehabilitation services in the postacute phase, we need to assess characteristics of this population and their healthcare and rehabilitation needs in the community. This brief report summarizes the frequency of unmet rehabilitation needs in community-based rehabilitation during the first year after moderate and severe trauma. Additionally, the associations between sociodemographic, injury severity factors and unmet needs were examined. Data from a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with moderate and severe trauma (New Injury Severity Score > 9) of all ages, discharged alive from two regional trauma centers in 2020 were used. Needs were estimated using the Needs and Provision Complexity Scale. Overall, 46% of patients had unmet needs at 12-mo postinjury, particularly related to the provision of rehabilitation services, specialist follow-ups, and social and family support. The probability of unmet needs was associated with age, preinjury comorbidities, and impaired functioning. Our findings support strategies targeting younger patients, those with preinjury comorbidities, and those with higher levels of disability and provide a starting point for the development of standardized rehabilitation needs assessment and guidelines after injury.

Twelve-month recovery following road trauma: Results from an inception cohort in Vancouver, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Injury-related disability following road trauma is a major public health concern. Unfortunately, outcome following road trauma and risk factors for poor recovery are inadequately studied, especially for road trauma survivors with minor injuries that do not require hospitalization. OBJECTIVES: This manuscript reports 12-month recovery outcomes for a large cohort of road trauma survivors. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational inception cohort study of 1,480 road trauma survivors recruited between July 2018 and March 2020 from 3 trauma centres in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were aged ≥16 years and arrived in a participating emergency department within 24 h of a motor vehicle collision. Data on baseline health and injury severity were collected from structured interviews and medical records. Outcome measures, including the SF-12, were collected during follow-up interviews at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Predictors of recovery outcomes were identified using Cox proportional hazards models and summarized using hazard ratios. RESULTS: Only 42 % of participants self-reported full recovery and only 66 % reported a return to usual daily activities. Females, older individuals, pedestrians, and those who required hospital admission had a poorer recovery than other groups. Similar patterns were observed for the SF-12 physical component. For the SF-12 mental component, no significant differences were observed between participants admitted to hospital and those discharged home from the ED. Return to work was reported by 77 % of participants who had a paying job at baseline, with no significant differences between sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of road trauma survivors, under half self-reported full recovery one year after the injury. Poor mental health recovery was observed in both participants admitted to hospital and those discharged home from the ED. This finding may indicate a need for early intervention and continued mental health monitoring for all injured individuals, including for those with less serious injuries.

Posttraumatic Amputations Epidemiology and Outcomes Within the National Trauma Data Bank: Improved Survival Over Time Results in Increased Population in Need of Rehabilitation Support.

OBJECTIVE: Acute trauma care has significantly reduced mortality over the last two decades. The last study to examine the epidemiology of traumatic amputees predates these gains. The majority of those who sustain traumatic amputation are male; therefore, limited data exist on female amputees. This study aimed to (1) provide a current epidemiological analysis of traumatic amputees and (2) compare male and female amputees. DESIGN: All patients sustaining a major limb amputation in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2013 to 2017 were identified. First, descriptive analyses of patient demographics and injury characteristics were performed and compared with a previous 2000-2004 National Trauma Data Bank study. Second, female and male traumatic amputees were compared in this study. RESULTS: From 2013 to 2017, we identified 7016 patients who underwent major limb amputation. Compared with previous years, the current amputees were older and more severely injured. Mortality was 6.3% in the current years compared with 13.4% in the previous years (odds ratio, 0.44, 95% CI = 0.37-0.51, P < 0.001). After multivariable analysis, mortality remained significantly decreased, with no difference in hospital length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary National Trauma Data Bank analysis demonstrated that patients with traumatic amputations, regardless of sex, often survive until hospital discharge, despite more severe injuries.

Avaliação da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em idosos com lesões de membros superiores / Evaluation of functionality and quality of life in elderly with upper limb injuries

O envelhecimento é um processo de modificações corporais progressivo, que promove alterações morfofisiológicas e dificulta a realização de tarefas funcionais, podendo ocasionar aumento de lesões e influencia diretamente na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos idosos em reabilitação de membros superiores. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo envolvendo idosos em reabilitação de membros superiores. Para realização da coleta dos dados foram aplicados três questionários na forma de entrevista, um questionário socioeconômico clínico elaborado pelos autores, o questionário Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) e o questionário Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 30 idosos, com média de idade de 69,53 ± 6.62 anos, predominantemente do sexo feminino (66,7%), ensino superior completo (46,7%), trabalhadores autônomos (46,7%), com renda mensal de 5 ou mais salário-mínimo. (53,3%). Quanto a qualidade de vida do questionário SF-12 obtivemos 40,53% no componente físico (PCS), 52,74% componente mental (MCS). Quanto a funcionalidade do questionário DASH o score de 40,68% classifica como incapacidade leve. Conclusão: Os idosos em reabilitação de membros superiores apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida no componente mental e incapacidade leve nos membros superiores

Aging is a process of progressive body changes, which promotes morphophysiological changes and makes it difficult to perform functional tasks, leading to an increase in injuries and directly influencing the quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the functionality and quality of life of elderly people undergoing rehabilitation of upper limbs. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study involving elderly people undergoing upper limb rehabilitation. To perform the data collection, three questionnaires were applied in the form of an interview. The first was a socioeconomic clinical questionnaire prepared by the authors. Then, the "arm, shoulder, and hand" (DASH) impairments. Last but not least was the Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: The sample consisted of 30 elderly people, with a mean age of 69.53 ± 6.62 years, predominantly female (66.7%), complete higher education (46.7%), self-employed (46.7 %), with a monthly income of 5 or more minimum wages. (53.3%). As for the quality of life of the SF-12 questionnaire, we obtained 40.53% in the physical component (PCS) and 52.74% in the mental part (MCS). As for the functionality of the DASH questionnaire, the score of 40.68% classifies it as a mild disability. Conclusion: The elderly undergoing rehabilitation of upper limbs had a better quality of life in the mental component and mild disability in the upper limbs.

Ozonioterapia como opção ao tratamento de lesões cutâneas em humanos: revisão integrativa da literatura / Ozone therapy as an option for the treatment of skin lesions in humans: an integrative literature review / La ozonoterapia como opción para el tratamiento de lesiones cutáneas en humanos: revisión bibliográfica integradora

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a Ozonioterapia como prática complementar no tratamento de lesões em seres humanos. Efetuou-se busca sistematizada nos portais: Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), Biblioteca virtual em saúde de medicinas tradicionais complementares e integrativas (BVS MTCI) e Business source complete (EBSCO) nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura latino-americana e do caribe em ciências da saúde (LILACS), Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Medical literature analysis and retrievel system Online (MEDLINE), com cruzamento dos descritores: ozônio; ferimentos; lesões; cicatrização de feridas. Após os critérios de inclusão serem aplicados, observou-se que dez artigos atingiram todos os critérios previamente definidos. Os estudos apontam que a Ozonioterapia apresenta resultados positivos como opção na terapêutica complementar de lesões. Porém, é um recurso terapêutico com baixa adesão. Faz se necessário maior empenho cientifico sobre a temática. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ozônio; Ferimentos; Lesões; Cicatrização de feridas.

Currently, there are several treatments as well as ozone therapy that aim to improve wounds. This work aimed to carry out an integrative review on Ozone Therapy as a complementary practice in the treatment of injuries in humans. A systematic search was conducted on the portals: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Virtual Health Library of Complementary and Integrative Traditional Medicines (VHL MTCI) and Business Source Complete (EBSCO) in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Science (LILACS) , Nursing Database (BDENF) and Online Medical Literature Review and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), by crossing descriptors: Ozone, Wounds and Injuries, Healing injuries. After the inclusion criteria were applied, it was observed that ten articles reached all the criteria previously defined. The studies indicate that Ozone therapy presents positive results as a complementary therapy option on wounds. However, it is a therapeutical resource with low adherence. It is necessary a greater scientific commitment on the theme.

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión integradora sobre la ozonoterapia como práctica complementaria en el tratamiento de lesiones en humanos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en los siguientes portales: Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Medicinas Tradicionales, Complementarias e Integrativas (BVS MTCI) y Business Source Complete (EBSCO) en las siguientes bases de datos: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF) y Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), utilizando las palabras clave: ozono; heridas; lesiones; curación de heridas. Una vez aplicados los criterios de inclusión, se observó que diez artículos cumplían todos los criterios previamente definidos. Los estudios demostraron que la ozonoterapia tiene resultados positivos como opción terapéutica complementaria para las lesiones. Sin embargo, es un recurso terapéutico con un bajo cumplimiento. Es necesario un mayor esfuerzo científico sobre el tema.

Avaliação morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica de feridas cutâneas tratadas com Sphagneticola trilobata (L) Pruski em ratos / [Morphohistological and morphohistometric evaluation of skin wounds treated with Sphagneticola trilobata (L) Pruski in rats]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a atividade cicatrizante da Sphagneticola trilobata em feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação de creme contendo extrato hidroalcoólico bruto de folhas da planta. A análise fitoquímica apresentou terpenos e flavonoides como compostos majoritários. Sessenta ratos foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (n=20): grupo tratado (GT), grupo controle (GC) e grupo controle absoluto (GCA). Quatro feridas excisionais de 0,8cm de diâmetro foram realizadas no dorso dos animais, tratadas diariamente e avaliadas nos tempos três, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório (PO) quanto à contração e à avaliação macroscópica, morfo-histológica e morfo-histométrica. Macroscopicamente, não houve diferença estatística na contração das feridas entre os grupos testados. Na avaliação morfológica e na morfométrica, o GT apresentou menor concentração de células inflamatórias, maior e melhor preenchimento do tecido de granulação pelas fibras colágenas e melhor vascularização das feridas. Não houve diferença entre o GC e o GCA. Conclui-se que o creme à base do extrato hidroalcoólico bruto das folhas de Sphagneticola trilobata contribui positivamente para o processo de cicatrização das feridas em pele de ratos.(AU)

The objective of this work was to macro and microscopically evaluate the healing activity of Sphagneticola trilobata in rat-induced skin wounds by applying cream containing crude hydroalcoholic extract from plant leaves. The phytochemical analysis showed terpenes and flavonoids as major compounds. Sixty rats were divided into three experimental groups (n=20): treated group (GT), control group (CG) and absolute control group (GCA). Four 0.8cm diameter excision wounds were performed on the back of the animals, treated daily and evaluated at the three, seven, 14 and 21 postoperative days (PO) for contraction, macroscopic, morphologic and morphologic evaluation. The TG presented smaller scar area at 21 postoperative days (P<0.05). In the morphological and morphometric evaluation, the WG presented lower inflammation, greater and better filling of granulation tissue by collagen fibers and better wound vascularization. There was no difference between GC and GCA. It was concluded that the cream based on the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Sphagneticola trilobata leaves contribute positively to the healing process of the skin wounds of rats.(AU)

Análise ultraestrutural do colágeno de feridas cutâneas de coelhos tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino / Ultrastructural analysis of the collagen of rabbit skin wounds treated with platelet-rich equine plasma

O colágeno é sintetizado e segregado no espaço extracelular e organizados em fibrilas estriadas de acordo com o tipo de tecido. Utilizaram-se 24 coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, com idade de 12 meses e com 3,0kg de peso corporal, para avaliar a porcentagem de colágeno das feridas cutâneas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos de igual número e submetidos à remoção de pele na região das linhas médias dorsal torácica (feridas tratadas) e lombar (feridas controle). As feridas torácicas foram tratadas com plasma rico em plaqueta de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A, e as do grupo controle somente com a pomada. Dos animais do grupo I, foi coletado tecido cutâneo, para a avaliação histológica e a ultraestrutural, com três dias de pós-operatório; dos animais do grupo II, com sete dias; do grupo III, com 14 dias; e do grupo IV, com 21 dias. Decorrido o período de avaliação de cada grupo, foi coletado fragmento de pele para avaliação da porcentagem de colágeno, bem como do diâmetro e da densidade da fibrila de colágeno por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O tratamento com PRP de equino associado à aplicação tópica da pomada mostrou-se eficaz na maturação das fibrilas colágenas e na antecipação do processo cicatricial.(AU)

Collagen is synthesized and secreted into the extracellular space and organized into striated fibrils according to the tissue type. This study evaluated the concentration of collagen in rabbit skin wounds treated with equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A. Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits aged 2 to 12 months and weighing 3.0kg were included. The animals were allocated equally into four groups and the skin was removed from the thoracic dorsal midline (treated wound) and lumbar (control wound) regions. The thoracic wounds were treated with equine PRP and ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A, and the control group was treated with the ointment alone. For histological and ultrastructural assessment, cutaneous tissue was collected on postoperative days 3 (group I), 7 (group II), 14 (group III), and 21 (group IV). After the evaluation period, in each group, a skin fragment was collected for analysis of the collagen concentration, as well as the collagen fibril diameter and density by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that treatment with equine PRP combined with topical application of the ointment was effective in facilitating the maturation of collagen fibrils and the wound healing process.(AU)

Retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço para o tratamento cirúrgico do trauma elétrico da mão: relato de caso / Reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm for the surgical treatment of electric hand trauma: Case report

Introdução: Lesões que acometem as mãos com importante perda cutânea frequentemente requerem retalhos para cobertura precoce, visto que permitem melhor reabilitação. Dentre as opções, o retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço é o mais utilizado para defeitos no dorso da mão e punho, com baixas taxas de complicações. Normalmente, esse retalho não é utilizado para a reconstrução de defeitos em região palmar, já que geralmente não alcança esse local. Relato de caso: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com queimadura elétrica de terceiro grau, em palma da mão direita, cuja reconstrução foi realizada com o uso do retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço, após debridamentos conservadores, no 14o dia após a queimadura. O paciente apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória, sem complicações ou sequelas funcionais a longo prazo. Conclusão: O retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço permite cobertura adequada de lesões em palma da mão, preservando sua funcionalidade.

Introduction: Lesions affecting the hands with significant skin loss often require flaps for early coverage, as these permit faster healing. Among the various options, the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm is most commonly used for defects involving the back of the hand and wrist due to low complication rates. Normally, this flap is not used for the reconstruction of defects in the palmar region since its distal reach is insufficient. Case report: We present the case of a male patient with third-degree electrical burns on his right palm, whose reconstruction was performed on the 14th day postinjury using the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm after conservative debridement. The patient presented good postoperative evolution, without long-term complications or functional sequelae. Conclusion: The reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm permits adequate coverage of palm injuries, preserving its functionality.

Análise epidemiológico-evolutiva de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia plástica reparadora em um hospital de referência em trauma / Epidemiological-evolutional analysis of patients submitted to plastic reconstructive surgery in a trauma reference hospital

Introdução: Lesões decorrentes de trauma são agravos súbitos à saúde que podem levar a deficiências temporárias e interferir na qualidade de vida das vítimas. O serviço de Cirurgia Plástica Reparadora (CPR) do Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência (HMUE) atua como a unidade de referência no tratamento de feridas dos pacientes vítimas de trauma no Estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico, do tipo transversal prospectivo. A população foi composta por 78 pacientes atendidos no período de dezembro de 2015 até dezembro de 2016. Resultados: A população predominante foi de pacientes do sexo masculino, autônomos, entre 21 a 30 anos. Os acidentes automobilísticos foram os mais prevalentes. A área corporal mais afetada foi a dos membros inferiores e o tipo de cirurgia mais realizada foi enxerto. Tanto entre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto quanto os de retalho, predominou a viabilidade no intervalo de 90-100%. Não foi verificada associação significativa da faixa etária dos pacientes sob o grau de viabilidade. Houve relação entre o número de dias do acidente até a intervenção com o grau de viabilidade do enxerto. Conclusão: Os pacientes internados no hospital no mesmo dia do acidente têm seis vezes mais chance de apresentar viabilidade do enxerto acima de 80% e, portanto, desfecho favorável.

Introduction: Injuries due to trauma are health problems that can lead to temporary deficiencies and interfere with the quality of life of the victims. The Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (RPS) service of the Metropolitan Emergency and Emergency Hospital (HMUE) acts as the reference unit for the treatment of wounds of trauma victims in the State of Pará. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 78 patients attended in the period from December 2015 to December 2016. Results: The predominant population was male patients, between 21 and 30 years old. Automobile accidents were the most prevalent. The most affected body area was the lower limbs and the type of surgery performed was graft. Among the patients submitted to graft surgery as well as those of the graft, the viability predominated in the range of 90-100%. There was no significant association between the age of the group under the degree of viability. There was a relation between the number of days of the accident and the intervention with the degree of viability of the graft. Conclusion: Patients hospitalized on the same day of the accident are six times more likely to present graft viability than 80%.

Fisioterapia nos pacientes politraumatizados graves: modelo de assistência terapêutica / Physiotherapy in severe polytrauma patients: a therapeutic care model

Objetivo: Conhecendo-se o alto grau de complexidade que o paciente politraumatizado representa à equipe multiprofissional na elaboração e execução do seu plano assistencial na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), aliado à carência de evidencias sobre o tema, o presente estudo sugere um modelo de assistência fisioterapêutica precoce aos pacientes críticos politraumatizados com base na experiência clínica dos últimos anos. Método: O modelo foi elaborado a partir das práticas verificadas nos registros de 6388 sessões de fisioterapia realizadas em 198 pacientes internados entre dezembro de 2009 e setembro de 2011 em UTI especializada em politrauma. As atividades/cuidados foram inseridas no modelo após aprovadas em discussão com a equipe multiprofissional. Todos os pacientes atendidos tinham idade igual ou maior que 18 anos e eram vítimas de trauma grave de acordo com o Injury Severity Score (ISS). Resultados: O modelo proposto foi estruturado de forma que as atividades/cuidados da assistência fisioterapêutica fossem organizadas de acordo com a região corpórea lesada do paciente (traumatismo cranioencefálico, fraturas de face, fraturas de coluna, trauma torácico, trauma abdominal, fratura de pelve e fraturas de extremidades). A rotina da unidade apregoava discussões diárias com a equipe médica para se conhecer as particularidades de cada caso clínico, estabelecer meta terapêutica e traçar o programa de reabilitação. Conclusão: O modelo proposto se tornou rotina e consolidou a atuação fisioterapêutica na respectiva unidade assistencial. A equipe de fisioterapia passou a atuar 24 horas por dia. O modelo possibilitou padronização da assistência fisioterapêutica e maior segurança para o paciente politraumatizado grave

Objective: In view of the high degree of complexity that the polytrauma patient represents to the multiprofessional team in the elaboration and execution of their care plan in the intensive care unit (ICU), combined with the lack of evidence on the subject, this study suggests a model of early physiotherapeutic assistance to critical polytrauma patients based on the clinical experience of recent years. Method: The model was elaborated based on the practices verified in the records of 6,388 physiotherapy sessions performed in 198 patients hospitalized between December 2009 and September 2011 in polytraumas-specialized ICU. The activities/care were inserted in the model after approved in discussion with the multiprofessional team. All patients enrolled were aged 18 years or older and were victims of severe trauma according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Results: The proposed model was structured in such a way that the physical therapy activities/care were organized according to the injured body region (traumatic brain injury, face fractures, spine fractures, thoracic trauma, abdominal trauma, pelvic fracture and extremities fractures). The routine of the ICU encouraged daily discussions with the medical team to know the particularities of each clinical case, to establish therapeutic goal and to design the rehabilitation program. Conclusion: The proposed model became routine and consolidated the physiotherapeutic action in the respective care unit. The physiotherapy team started working 24 hours a day. The model made possible the standardization of physical therapy assistance and greater safety for the severe polytrauma patient

Caracterização do comportamento de cuidadores informais de pacientes com feridas no âmbito hospitalar / Behavior characterization of informal caregivers of wounded patients in the hospital environment

O cuidado com feridas no ambiente hospitalar continua no domicílioapós a alta e é realizado pelo cuidador informal. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar o comportamento do cuidador informal durante o tratamento de feridas de pacientes hospitalizados. Estudo prospectivo, realizado com 39 cuidadores de pacientes com feridas, em um hospital universitário do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação direta não participante e entrevista. Verificou-se que 94,9% dos cuidadores permaneceram na enfermaria durante o curativo. Destes, 97,3% ficaram próximos ao paciente; 73% observaram atentamente; 54,1% conheciam a evolução da ferida; 59,5% se envolveram no procedimento e fizeram questionamentos sobre o curativo e/ou materiais utilizados. A maioria dos cuidadores de pessoas hospitalizadas com feridas, tem interesse e participam de algum modo, na realização do curativo. A equipe de enfermagem pode aproveitar tais momentos para orientar o cuidador e prepará-lo para os cuidados no domicílio.

Wound care in the hospital environment continues at home after discharge and performed by the informal caregiver. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of the informal caregiver during the treatment of wounds in hospitalized patient. This is a prospective study with 39 caregivers of wounded patients in a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. We collected the data through direct non-participant observation and interview. We found that 94.9% of the caregivers remained in the ward during the dressing. Of these, 97.3% were close to the patient; 73% observed closely; 54.1% were familiar to the evolution of the wound; 59.5% were involved in the procedure and questioned about the dressing and/or used materials. Most caregivers of persons hospitalized with wounds are interested in and somehow participate of the dressing procedure. The nursing staff can take advantage of such moments to guide the caregivers and prepare them for homecare

Estado de saúde e retorno ao trabalho após os acidentes de trânsito / Estado de salud y retorno al trabajo después de accidentes de tránsito / Health status and the return to work after traffic accidents

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar o estado de saúde de vítimas de acidente de trânsito, na alta hospitalar e após 6 meses, bem como analisar as variáveis preditoras do estado de saúde e retorno ao trabalho. Método: estudo observacional, longitudinal. Dados coletados por entrevistas e consulta aos prontuários, com 102 pacientes com média de idade de 33 anos; a maioria, homens e vítimas de acidente motociclístico. As variáveis foram avaliadas por instrumentos validados, analisadas por teste "t" de Student, regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística. Resultados: houve melhora da percepção do estado de saúde 6 meses após alta associada à idade, medida geral do estado de saúde imediatamente após a alta e capacidade funcional. Os indivíduos que retornaram ao trabalho apresentaram melhor avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Conclusão: constatou-se melhora da percepção do estado de saúde 6 meses após a alta. Não foram identificados fatores que influenciaram o retorno ao trabalho.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar el estado de salud de víctimas de accidentes de tránsito al alta hospitalaria y seis meses después, y analizar las variables predictoras del estado de salud y de retorno al trabajo. Método: estudio observacional, longitudinal. Datos recolectados por entrevistas y consulta de historias clínicas, con 102 pacientes, media etaria de 33 años, mayoritariamente hombres, víctimas de accidente motociclístico. Variables evaluadas por instrumentos validados, analizadas por test "t" de Student, regresión lineal múltiple y regresión logística. Resultados: Hubo mejora de la percepción del estado de salud 6 meses después del alta, asociada a edad, medida general del estado de salud, inmediatamente después del alta y capacidad funcional. Los individuos que retornaron al trabajo presentaron mejor evaluación de calidad de vida relacionada a la salud. Conclusión: se constató mejora de percepción del estado de salud 6 meses después del alta. No fueron identificados factores que influyeron en el regreso laboral.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the health status of traffic accident victims, at hospital discharge and after six months, and to analyze the predictive variables of their health status and return to work. Method: observational, longitudinal study. Data were collected through interviews and medical records of 102 patients with a mean age of 33 years; with the majority being men and victims of motorcycle accidents. The variables were analyzed by means of validated tools, student's t-test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression. Results: there was an improvement of perception in the patients' health status six months after hospital discharge and functional capacity. The individuals who returned to work showed better health-related quality of life evaluation. Conclusion: improvement of the perceived health status six months after hospital discharge was found. Factors that influenced the patients' return to work were not identified.

Perfil de vitimas e tratamento de lesoes por causas externas segundo atendimento pelo Centro de Reabilitacao Municipal de Uberlandia, MG Causas externas e fisioterapia / Profile of victims and treatment of injuries by external causes according to attendance by the Municipal Rehabilitation Center of Uberlandia, MG External causes and physiotherapy

No Brasil, as causas externas são responsáveis por grande número de incapacidades. A maioria das pesquisas tem dado ênfase à mortalidade e à demanda de atendimentos hospitalares, pouco se sabendo sobre a evolução das vítimas não fatais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer o perfil das vítimas e as características das lesões por causas externas, o tratamento fisioterapêutico e a evolução funcional de pacientes atendidos em um centro público de reabilitação. Os dados foram colhidos, prospectivamente, por entrevistas com os pacientes que ingressaram no Centro de Reabilitação Municipal (CEREM) de Uberlândia, de janeiro a julho de 2005. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino e predominaram aqueles de 20 a 59 anos, com baixas renda e escolaridade; as principais causas das lesões foram as quedas e os acidentes de trânsito; quase a metade dos eventos ocorreram em vias públicas e as fraturas foram comuns, principalmente em membros superiores. Os recursos fisioterapêuticos mais utilizados foram a cinesioterapia, a eletroterapia e a termoterapia por adição, e a maioria dos tratamentos iniciados foi concluída. O perfil dos pacientes que procuram o CEREM devido a lesões por causas externas parece refletir, sobretudo, aquele das pessoas que sofrem tais lesões. Recursos fisioterapêuticos relativamente simples mostraram-se suficientes para uma boa evolução dos pacientes.

In Brazil, external causes are responsible for many disabilities. Most research has emphasized the mortality and the demand for hospital treatment, and little is known about the evolution of non-fatal injuries. The objective of this study was to identify the profile of victims and the characteristics of injuries from external causes, physical therapy and functional evolution of patients treated in a public rehabilitation center. Data were prospectively collected by interviews with patients who entered the Municipal Rehabilitation Center (CEREM) of Uberlândia, from January to July 2005. Most patients were male and predominated those from 20 to 59 years old, with low income and education. The main causes of injury were falls and traffic accidents, almost half of the events occurred on public roads, and fractures were common, especially in upper limbs. The resources most frequently used were physiotherapeutic kinesiotherapy, electrotherapy and thermotherapy by addition, and most treatments started was completed. The profile of patients that seeking CEREM due to injuries from external causes may reflect, above all, that people who suffer such injuries. Simple physiotherapy resources showed to be enough for a good outcome.

Implante profilático e temporário de filtro de veia cava inferior no trauma / Prophylactic and temporary inferior vena cava filter implant in trauma

O tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) é importante causa de óbito no trauma e esse, na maioria das vezes, contraindica a principal farmacoterapia na prevenção e no tratamento do TEP: a anticoagulação. Relatamos um caso de paciente politraumatizado, com risco elevado de embolia pulmonar, submetido ao implante preventivo e temporário de filtro de veia cava inferior (FVC).

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of death in trauma and that, on most cases, the main contraindication for pharmacotherapy in the prevention and treatment of PE: the anticoagulation. We report a case of multiple trauma patient at high risk of pulmonary embolism, preventive and implant subjected to temporary inferior vena cava filter (VCF).

Tratamento cirúrgico da úlcera loxoscélica: solução prática para um problema de difícil resolução / Surgical treatment of ulcer loxoscélica: practical solution to a difficult problem to solve

Contexto: O manuscrito descreve a reparação cirúrgica de uma úlcera crônica resultante da picada de uma aranhamarrom,um problema de difícil resolução, o qual habitualmente demora meses até a cicatrização.Descrição do caso: A vítima foi picada na coxa direita e desenvolveu fases de envenenamento típicas da picada deLoxosceles, incluindo a placa mármore, a escara e a úlcera profunda e de bordos emoldurados, características doacidente. Devido ao processo cicatricial lento, cuidados intensivos com curativos, dificuldade na deambulação, além dofator estético, optou-se por cirurgia excisional da lesão e sutura direta das bordas. O tratamento cirúrgico proporcionoucicatrização total da lesão dentro de 15 dias.Conclusões: A úlcera loxoscélica apresenta difícil cicatrização, evoluindo para a cronicidade. A cirurgia com excisãocompleta e síntese primária constitui técnica adequada para a cura da doença.

Análise da propulsão em cadeira de rodas manual: revisão de literatura / Wheelchairs propulsion analysis: review

OBJETIVOS: Analisar aspectos relacionados à propulsão em cadeira de rodas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Para o delineamento desta revisão, foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados eletrônicas a partir das seguintes palavras-chave: wheelchair propulsion, wheelchair biomechanics e wheelchair uses. Foram selecionados artigos completos nas línguas francesa e inglesa. RESULTADOS: A propulsão em cadeira de rodas é um movimento complexo que requer a execução de repetidas aplicações de força durante curto período de tempo. Nesse movimento são exigidos altos níveis de força em razão do baixo rendimento mecânico da cadeira. Pôde ser caracterizado que os cadeirantes não estão satisfeitos com suas cadeiras, os locais não estão adaptados à sua presença e faltam critérios específicos para o ajuste desse importante equipamento. Os principais pontos a serem observados, quanto aos ajustes, são a altura do banco em relação à posição de flexão do cotovelo (100 a 120 graus) com a mão no aro de propulsão e o cuidado com a pressão nos pneus. Quanto à técnica de propulsão, o modo semicircular parece ser o mais indicado, pois nesse padrão o cadeirante realiza a propulsão e retorna a mão por baixo do aro. Os esforços na cadeira de rodas são altos e a incidência de lesões em cadeirantes é elevada. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que, apesar dos esforços das pesquisas, ainda existem muitas divergências entre os temas e os métodos de avaliações adotados, o que impede que boa parte dos resultados encontrados seja aplicável à vida diária dos usuários de cadeira de rodas.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze aspects related with wheelchair propulsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to delineate this review the search for information was carried out within electronics databases, using the following descriptors: "wheelchair propulsion", "wheelchair biomechanics" e "wheelchair users". Full papers published in English and French were included in the study. RESULTS: The wheelchair propulsion is a complex movement that requires the execution of repeated bi manual forces applications during a short time period. In this movement high levels of force must be produced due to the bad mechanical performance of the wheelchair. Could be characterized that wheelchair users are not satisfied with their wheelchair, the places are not adapted to their presence and lack of specific criteria for the adjustment of this equipment. The main points to look at are the seat height in relation to elbow flexion (100-120 degrees) with his hand in the propulsion rim and tire pressure. The semicircular mode of technique propulsion seems to be more appropriate; in this pattern the wheelchair user returns his hand under the rim after propulsion. Efforts in wheelchairs are high and the incidence of injuries in wheelchair users is high. CONCLUSION: One can conclude that in spite of researchers’ efforts there are still many divergences between topics and methods of evaluation, what makes difficult to apply the experimental results to the wheelchairs users’ daily life.