RESUMEN
Large quantities of low-value protein rich co-products, such as salmon skin and trimmings, are generated annually. These co-products can be upgraded to high-value functional ingredients. The aim of this study was to assess the antidiabetic potential of salmon skin gelatin and trimmings-derived protein hydrolysates in vitro. The gelatin hydrolysate generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L exhibited significantly higher (pâ¯<â¯0.001) insulin and GLP-1 secretory activity from pancreatic BRIN-BD11 and enteroendocrine GLUTag cells, respectively, when tested at 2.5â¯mg/mL compared to hydrolysates generated with Alcalase 2.4L or Promod 144MG. The gelatin hydrolysate generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L showed significantly more potent (pâ¯<â¯0.01) DPP-IV inhibitory activity than those generated with Alcalase 2.4L or Promod 144MG. No significant difference was observed in the insulinotropic activity mediated by any of the trimmings-derived hydrolysates when tested at 2.5â¯mg/mL. However, the trimmings hydrolysate generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L exhibited significantly higher DPP-IV inhibitory (pâ¯<â¯0.05:Alcalase 2.4L and pâ¯<â¯0.01:Promod 144MG) and GLP-1 (pâ¯<â¯0.001, 2.5â¯mg/mL) secretory activity than those generated with Alcalase 2.4L or Promod 144MG. The salmon trimmings hydrolysate generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L when subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) was shown to retain its GLP-1 secretory and DPP-IV inhibitory activities, in addition to improving its insulin secretory activity. However, the gelatin hydrolysate generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L was shown to lose GLP-1 secretory activity following SGID. A significant increase in membrane potential (pâ¯<â¯0.001) and intracellular calcium (pâ¯<â¯0.001) by both co-product hydrolysates generated with Alcalase 2.4L and Flavourzyme 500L suggest that both hydrolysates mediate their insulinotropic activity through the KATP channel-dependent pathway. Additionally, by stimulating a significant increase in intracellular cAMP release (pâ¯<â¯0.05) it is likely that the trimmings-derived hydrolysate may also mediate insulin secretion through the protein kinase A pathway. The results presented herein demonstrate that salmon co-product hydrolysates exhibit promising in vitro antidiabetic activity.
Asunto(s)
Células Enteroendocrinas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Peces/farmacología , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Gelatina/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Salmo salar , Alimentos Marinos , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Digestión , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/farmacología , Endopeptidasas/química , Células Enteroendocrinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peces/aislamiento & purificación , Gelatina/aislamiento & purificación , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Incretinas/aislamiento & purificación , Incretinas/farmacología , Insulina/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Potenciales de la Membrana , Ratones , Péptidos/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrolisados de Proteína/aislamiento & purificación , Estabilidad Proteica , Vías Secretoras , Subtilisinas/químicaRESUMEN
Animal venoms contain a variety of highly selective and potent toxins, which have evolved over thousands/millions of years, which target vital physiological processes. As such, they have proven to be an excellent source of lead compounds for the development of therapeutic agents. In particular, a number of these venom components (e.g. bradykinin-potentiating peptides, sarafotoxins, natriuretic peptides) have profound effects on the cardiovascular system. This review article examines recent progress in the search for lead compounds or novel scaffolds for cardiovascular drug development from animal venoms.