Asunto(s)
Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/diagnóstico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Axila , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Preescolar , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/metabolismo , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/microbiología , Piel/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Superantígenos/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Folliculitis decalvans is a rare scarring alopecia that presents with indurated, tender pustules and papules on the vertex and occipital scalp. Although systemic antibiotics with activity against Staphylococcus species provide some symptomatic improvement, folliculitis decalvans remains a significant management challenge and often exhibits a relapsing-and-remitting course. In this report, we posit the potential utility of medical grade honey as a safe and cost-effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of folliculitis decalvans. We describe a patient with painful, boggy scalp pustules who achieved clearance of his scalp lesions with the addition of Manuka honey. To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the clinical use of honey in the management of folliculitis decalvans and may lend support to the role of Staphylococcus in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Asunto(s)
Alopecia/terapia , Foliculitis/terapia , Miel , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/terapia , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/terapia , Alopecia/etiología , Alopecia/patología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cefalexina/uso terapéutico , Foliculitis/complicaciones , Foliculitis/patología , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Masculino , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/complicaciones , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/patología , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Larva Migrans/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Clindamicina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Larva Migrans/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm represent a high risk in patients with diabetes. Nitric oxide (NO) has shown promise in dispersing biofilm and wound healing. For an effective treatment of MRSA biofilm-infected wounds, however, NO needs to be supplied to the biofilm matrix in a sustainable manner due to a short half-life and limited diffusion distance of NO. In this study, polyethylenimine/diazeniumdiolate (PEI/NONOate)-doped PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-PEI/NO NPs) with an ability to bind to the biofilm matrix are developed to facilitate the NO delivery to MRSA biofilm-infected wound. In simulated wound fluid, PLGA-PEI/NO NPs show an extended NO release over 4â¯days. PLGA-PEI/NO NPs firmly bind to the MRSA biofilm matrix, resulting in a greatly enhanced anti-biofilm activity. Moreover, PLGA-PEI/NO NPs accelerate healing of MRSA biofilm-infected wounds in diabetic mice along with complete biofilm dispersal and reduced bacterial burden. These results suggest that the biofilm-binding NO-releasing NPs represent a promising NO delivery system for the treatments of biofilm-infected chronic wounds.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Heridas y Lesiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Compuestos Azo/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/microbiología , Liberación de Fármacos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/patogenicidad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Óxido Nítrico/farmacocinética , Polietileneimina/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Heridas y Lesiones/microbiología , Heridas y Lesiones/patologíaRESUMEN
Pneumonia and skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) caused by S. aureus can lead to serious bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study reports on potent telavancin in vitro activity (MIC90, 0.06⯵g/mL; 100% susceptible) against 674 US S. aureus causing pneumonia or SSSI with associated BSI in hospitalized patients during 2012-2016.
Asunto(s)
Aminoglicósidos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Lipoglucopéptidos/farmacología , Neumonía Bacteriana/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteriemia/complicaciones , Estudios de Cohortes , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Hospitalización , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Here, we describe a 42-year-old male patient with late-onset hepatic failure (LOHF) due to acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis. At first, his response to steroid therapy was good, but hepatitis relapsed during steroid pulse therapy. Deterioration of liver function caused LOHF, and LOHF has a poor prognosis, particularly when it is complicated by infection. Systemic infection by Staphylococcus aureus resulted in a skin rash and septic pulmonary embolism, and is an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). In this treatment network, hepatologists and a transplant surgeon cooperated to overcome severe infection and their efforts led to successful transplantation. On-line hemodiafiltration is an indispensable treatment option for acute liver failure. Infection control is crucial for LT and an intensive medical care network led to successful living-donor LT.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Hepatitis Autoinmune/complicaciones , Fallo Hepático/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Donadores Vivos , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureus , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Hepatitis Autoinmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Fallo Hepático/tratamiento farmacológico , Fallo Hepático/etiología , Masculino , Embolia Pulmonar/etiología , Quimioterapia por Pulso , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/prevención & control , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Vacunas Estafilocócicas/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/microbiología , Humanos , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Anciano , Brazo , Enfermedad de Bowen/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Bowen/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Codo , Antebrazo , Rechazo de Injerto/prevención & control , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Riñón , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Serratia/complicaciones , Infecciones por Serratia/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease characterized by skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Interleukin (IL)-22, in cooperation with IL-17, triggers antimicrobial peptide elaboration and enhances certain immunological responses. In AD, IL-22 is related to epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. We aimed to evaluate the impact of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the Tc22/Th22 induction in the peripheral blood of AD patients and on CD4+/CD8+ T cells expressing IL-22 in AD skin. Our study showed inhibition of the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) response by Th22 (CD4+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells in AD patients. In contrast, Tc22 (CD8+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells were less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited an enhanced response to the bacterial stimuli. In AD skin, we detected increased IL-22 transcript expression and T lymphocytes expressing IL-22. Together, our results provide two major findings in response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in adults with AD: dysfunctional CD4+ IL-22 secreting T cells and increased Tc22 cells. Our hypothesis reinforces the relevance of CD8 T cells modulated by staphylococcal enterotoxins as a potential source of IL-22 in adults with AD, which is relevant for the maintenance of immunological imbalance.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Factores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Interleucinas/sangre , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Adulto , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Interleucina-22RESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus wound infections delay healing and result in invasive complications such as osteomyelitis, especially in the setting of diabetic foot ulcers. In preclinical animal models of S. aureus skin infection, antibody neutralization of alpha-toxin (AT), an S. aureus-secreted pore-forming cytolytic toxin, reduces disease severity by inhibiting skin necrosis and restoring effective host immune responses. However, whether therapeutic neutralization of alpha-toxin is effective against S. aureus-infected wounds is unclear. Herein, the efficacy of prophylactic treatment with a human neutralizing anti-AT monoclonal antibody (MAb) was evaluated in an S. aureus skin wound infection model in nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In both nondiabetic and diabetic mice, anti-AT MAb treatment decreased wound size and bacterial burden and enhanced reepithelialization and wound resolution compared to control MAb treatment. Anti-AT MAb had distinctive effects on the host immune response, including decreased neutrophil and increased monocyte and macrophage infiltrates in nondiabetic mice and decreased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in diabetic mice. Similar therapeutic efficacy was achieved with an active vaccine targeting AT. Taken together, neutralization of AT had a therapeutic effect against S. aureus-infected wounds in both nondiabetic and diabetic mice that was associated with differential effects on the host immune response.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/farmacología , Toxinas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inmunología , Proteínas Hemolisinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Heridas no Penetrantes/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Toxinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/microbiología , Trampas Extracelulares/efectos de los fármacos , Trampas Extracelulares/microbiología , Proteínas Hemolisinas/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/microbiología , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/microbiología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/inmunología , Piel/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Vacunas Estafilocócicas/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/inmunología , Heridas no Penetrantes/complicaciones , Heridas no Penetrantes/inmunología , Heridas no Penetrantes/microbiologíaRESUMEN
In situ conservation efforts are assisting the recovery of free-ranging populations of the endangered peninsular pronghorns ( Antilocapra americana peninsularis) at the Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We detected a polymicrobial dermal infection. Etiologic agents were identified as a keratinophilic dermatomycete and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Antílopes , Infecciones por Serratia/veterinaria , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Tiña/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , México/epidemiología , Infecciones por Serratia/complicaciones , Infecciones por Serratia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Serratia/microbiología , Serratia marcescens/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Tiña/complicaciones , Tiña/microbiología , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing disease. Genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved in its pathophysiology. Individuals with AD have an increased predisposition to colonization and/or infection of the skin by various pathogens, especially Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus. The composition of their skin microbiome is also different, and changes during flares. The disease severity can be related to the degree of colonization by S. aureus. In addition, the presence of this bacterial species can predispose the host to more severe and disseminated viral infections. This article reviews the role of S. aureus and herpes virus infections and the skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD and their importance in the treatment and prevention strategies of this dermatosis.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/microbiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Simplexvirus/inmunología , Piel/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Inmunidad Adaptativa , Enfermedad Crónica , Dermatitis Atópica/virología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Microbiota/inmunología , Piel/inmunología , Piel/virología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/etiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Biopsia con Aguja , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/diagnóstico , Fenotipo , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by an increased susceptibility to skin infections. Staphylococcus aureus is reported to dominate in AD lesions and reports have revealed the presence of staphylococcal biofilms. These infections contribute to aggravation of the eczema. Sodium hypochlorite is known to reduce bacterial load of skin lesions, as well as disease severity, in patients with AD, but the effect on biofilms is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of sodium hypochlorite against S. aureus isolates derived from patients with AD. METHODS: Skin biopsies derived from patients with infected AD were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using radial diffusion assays, biofilm assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we assessed the effect of sodium hypochlorite on S. aureus isolates derived from lesional skin of patients with AD. RESULTS: SEM revealed clusters of coccoid bacteria embedded in fibrin and extracellular substances at the skin of a patient with infected AD. At concentrations of 0·01-0·08%, sodium hypochlorite showed antibacterial effects against planktonic cells. Eradication of S. aureus biofilms in vitro was observed in concentrations ranging from 0·01% to 0·16%. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed these results. Finally, when human AD skin was subjected to sodium hypochlorite in an ex vivo model, a dose of 0·04% reduced the bacteria derived from AD skin. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hypochlorite has antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against clinical S. aureus isolates. Our findings suggest usage of a higher concentration than currently used in bleach baths of patients with skin-infected AD.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Hipoclorito de Sodio/farmacología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Baños , Desinfectantes/administración & dosificación , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Piel/microbiología , Hipoclorito de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Actinomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Actinomicosis/complicaciones , Actinomicosis/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/uso terapéutico , Cefalexina/uso terapéutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Clindamicina/uso terapéutico , Coinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/patología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Muslo , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome also known as DRESS syndrome refers to an idiosyncratic drug reaction commonly characterized by rashes, fever, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement. We report a case of this syndrome in a 40-year-old man presenting with a rash, generalized pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia after metformin treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report linking metformin to the DRESS syndrome. The patient improved remarkably with drug withdrawal. A high index of clinical suspicion is emphasized to facilitate prompt diagnosis of medication related adverse effect and its discontinuation. In this article, we review the recent literature on DRESS syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Hipersensibilidad a Medicamentos/etiología , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Metformina/efectos adversos , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Pediculosis humanus capitus infestations are common and classically present with intense pruritus of the scalp. Although many treatment options are available, lice are becoming more resistant to conventional therapies and severe clinical presentations are bound to become more prevalent. We present a case of treatment-resistant pediculosis capitus resulting in diffuse autoeczematization of the torso and extremities and severe crusting and scaling of the scalp, which we called "crusted lice." This eruption differs from the well-described id reaction known as "pediculid" and represents a more dramatic manifestation of rampant infestation. This paper provides an up-to-date review of treatment options available for pediculosis humanus capitus, including newer medications like the ones that eventually led to resolution of our patient's extreme infestation.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección/diagnóstico , Eccema/diagnóstico , Dermatosis Facial/diagnóstico , Infestaciones por Piojos/diagnóstico , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Coinfección/complicaciones , Coinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Combinación de Medicamentos , Eccema/complicaciones , Eccema/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatosis Facial/complicaciones , Dermatosis Facial/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Infestaciones por Piojos/complicaciones , Infestaciones por Piojos/tratamiento farmacológico , Macrólidos/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pediculus , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/complicaciones , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/tratamiento farmacológico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus , TorsoRESUMEN
Knowledge on Staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and epidemiology in hand eczema is limited. The aim of this study was to clarify some of these issues. Samples were collected by the "glove juice" method from the hands of 59 patients with chronic hand eczema and 24 healthy individuals. Swab samples were taken from anterior nares and throat from 43 of the 59 patients and all healthy individuals. S. aureus were spa typed and analysed by DNA-microarray-based genotyping. The extent of the eczema was evaluated by the hand eczema extent score (HEES). The colonization rate was higher on the hands of hand eczema patients (69 %) compared to healthy individuals (21 %, p < 0.001). This was also seen for bacterial density (p = 0.002). Patients with severe hand eczema (HEES ≥ 13) had a significantly higher S. aureus density on their hands compared to those with milder eczema (HEES = 1 to 12, p = 0.004). There was no difference between patients and healthy individuals regarding colonization rates in anterior nares or throat. spa typing and DNA-microarray-based genotyping indicated certain types more prone to colonize eczematous skin. Simultaneous colonization, in one individual, with S. aureus of different types, was identified in 60-85 % of the study subjects. The colonization rate and density indicate a need for effective treatment of eczema and may have an impact on infection control in healthcare.