RESUMEN
Reports of newly discovered equine hepatotropic flavi- and parvoviruses have emerged throughout the last decade in many countries, the discovery of which has stimulated a great deal of interest and clinical research. Although commonly detected in horses without signs of disease, equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) have been associated with liver disease, including following the administration of contaminated anti-toxin. Our aim was to determine whether EqPV-H and EqHV are present in Australian horses and whether EqPV-H was present in French horses and to examine sequence diversity between strains of both viruses amongst infected horses on either side of the globe. Sera from 188 Australian horses and 256 French horses from horses with and without clinical signs of disease were collected. Twelve out of 256 (4.7%) and 6 out of 188 (3.2%) French and Australian horses, respectively, were positive for the molecular detection of EqPV-H. Five out of 256 (1.9%) and 21 out of 188 (11.2%) French and Australian horses, respectively, were positive for the molecular detection of EqHV. Australian strains for both viruses were genomically clustered, in contrast to strains from French horses, which were more broadly distributed. The findings of this preliminary survey, with the molecular detection of EqHV and EqPV-H in Australia and the latter in France, adds to the growing body of awareness regarding these recently discovered hepatotropic viruses. It has provided valuable information not just in terms of geographic endemicity but will guide equine clinicians, carers, and authorities regarding infectious agents and potential impacts of allogenic tissue contamination. Although we have filled many gaps in the world map regarding equine hepatotropic viruses, further prospective studies in this emerging field may be useful in terms of elucidating risk factors and pathogenesis of these pathogens and management of cases in terms of prevention and diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Hepacivirus , Hepatitis Viral Animal , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus , Filogenia , Animales , Caballos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Australia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Francia/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Animal/virología , Hepatitis Viral Animal/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Animal/sangre , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Parvovirus/clasificación , Parvovirus/inmunología , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepacivirus/inmunología , Hepatitis C/veterinaria , Hepatitis C/virología , Hepatitis C/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19(B19) is a DNA virus. The most common B19 disease is erythema infectiosum (fifth-disease). PCR and ELISA are sensitive for detecting of acute disease. However, it is not clear which test better and the relationship between laboratory tests and clinical findings. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric patients infected with B19. STUDY DESIGN: 236 children were examined. Children with at least one positive molecular or serological test were included. Positive serum B19-DNA and/or B19-IgM was considered an acute B19 infection. RESULTS: B19DNA was detected in 80.8 % of acute cases. Serological tests were less positive. Acute B19 infection was observed in 24 patients. Only 17 patients were positive for B19 DNA, 3 for IgM and 4 for both. The sensitivity of B19 DNA is 87.5 %. However, this rate is 29.2 % for B19 IgM. CONCLUSION: B19-DNA and IgM together provide a better, highly accurate diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales , ADN Viral , Eritema Infeccioso , Inmunoglobulina M , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Humanos , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/inmunología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , ADN Viral/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Eritema Infeccioso/diagnóstico , Eritema Infeccioso/sangre , Eritema Infeccioso/inmunología , Lactante , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adolescente , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Pruebas Serológicas/métodosRESUMEN
Genomic sequence analysis of autonomous parvoviruses within the genus Protoparvovirus generates 2 groups that are principally of mouse origin: the minute virus of mice (MVM) strains (MVMp, MVMi, MVMc, MVMm) and the mouse parvovirus (MPV)-like strains (MPV-1, MPV-2, MPV-3, MPV-4, MPV-5, HaPV, LuIII). Baculovirus-expressed recombinant capsid protein (rVP2) from each of these 11 parvovirus strains were produced, purified, and demonstrated to form virus-like particles. Each rVP2 preparation was then used as antigen in a multiplex fluorescent immunoassay and to immunize 5 different strains of mice. Sera from immunized mice, mice experimentally monoinfected with various MVM or MPV isolates, and mice naturally infected with murine parvoviruses were evaluated with the multiplex fluorescent immunoassay rVP2 panel. Results for sera from immunized mice indicate that homologous antigen-antisera interactions produced the strongest seroreactivity. All MVM antigens were highly cross-reactive with heterologous MVM antisera, while more variability was observed in heterologous antigen-antisera reactions among the MPV-like strains. MPV-1, MPV-3, HaPV, and LuIII were highly cross-reactive with each other, MPV-2 and MPV-5 were highly cross-reactive with each other, and MPV-4 displayed modest cross-reactivity with certain MPV-like strains. Serologic cross-reactivity patterns similar to those in immunized mice were observed in mice experimentally infected with MVMp, MVMm, MPV-1, MPV-5, or HaPV, and in sera from mice naturally infected with MVM and MPV. Serologic cross-reactivity spectrums suggest a small panel of rVP2 antigens (MVM, MPV-1, MPV-2, MPV-4) combined with the generic murine parvovirus recombinant nonstructural protein 1 (rNS1) antigen are sufficient for qualitative detection of currently known MVM and MPV-like strains.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales , Proteínas de la Cápside , Reacciones Cruzadas , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Animales , Ratones , Proteínas de la Cápside/inmunología , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Virus Diminuto del Ratón/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Parvovirus/inmunología , FemeninoRESUMEN
In France, blood donations are tested in pools of 96 samples for parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA to discard plasma for fractionation when it contains high viral loads. Between January 2015 and March 2024, B19V-positive donations decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a strong rebound in 2023 and unusually high circulation during winter 2023/24 (ca 10 times higher December 2023-March 2024 vs the pre-pandemic period). Variations over time are probably related to measures implemented to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Humanos , Donación de Sangre , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiología , ADN Viral/sangre , Francia/epidemiología , Tamizaje Masivo , Pandemias , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Estaciones del Año , Carga ViralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Canada, plasma sent for fractionation is tested for both parvovirus B19 (B19V) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). This study compared positivity rates of B19 and HAV nucleic acid tests (NATs) in Canadian plasma samples for the pre-COVID-19 restriction era (2015 to end of February 2020 [Q1] 2020) and the post-COVID-19 restriction era. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pooled EDTA plasma specimens were tested within 24 months of blood draw using the Procleix Panther System (Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) for B19V and HAV detection. Reactive pools were resolved by individual specimen testing. RESULTS: Between 1 January 2015, and 31 March 2022, 3,928,619 specimens from Canadian plasma donors were tested for B19V. For the same period, 3,922,954 specimens were tested for HAV. To account for a lag in specimen testing for up to 24 months, the data were divided into: (1) a pre-pandemic period (1 January 2015-31 March 2020; B19V tested n = 2,412,701, B19V NAT-positive n = 240 [0.01%], HAV tested n = 2,407,036, HAV NAT-positive n = 26 [0.001%]); (2) a two-year mixed-impact period (1 April 2020-31 March 2022; B19V tested n = 968,250, B19V NAT-positive n = 14 [0.001%], HAV tested n = 968,250, HAV NAT-positive n = 2 [0.0002%]); and (3) a pandemic-impact period (1 April 2022-31 March, 2023; B19V tested n = 597,668, B19V NAT-positive n = 3 [0.0005%], HAV tested n = 597,668, HAV NAT-positive n = 1 [0.0002%]). CONCLUSION: The percentage of B19V- and HAV-positive donations was significantly reduced from the pre-pandemic period to the pandemic-impact period.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , COVID-19 , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Humanos , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/epidemiología , Canadá/epidemiología , Hepatitis A/sangre , Hepatitis A/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Masculino , Femenino , Virus de la Hepatitis A , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes severe and fatal gastrointestinal diseases in dogs. CPV has developed several strategies to evade innate immune response mediated by type I interferons (IFN-I) to achieve a successful infection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of CVP-2c to evade the IFN-I mediated response in infected cells. To establish the role of this response, the gene expression of interferon ß (IFNß), IFIT1, IFIT3, MAVS, and STING were estimated in MDCK cells infected with CPV-2c. Viral replication and gene expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR, also, a treatment with IFN-I (interferon omega) was included to confirm the role of IFN-I during CPV infection. The results revealed that CPV-2c infection stimulates the expression of IFNß moderately, in these cells. Due to low IFNß induction, the IFIT1 and IFIT3 expression were also low, and therefore CPV-2c was able to replicate in these cells. However, when the cells were treated with exogenous IFN-I, the IFNß expression was higher, leading to an increased gene expression of IFIT1 and IFIT3, responsible for antiviral control. The overexpression of these proteins reduced the expression of NS1 and VP2 viral genes and hence viral replication. MAVS and STING expression on infected cells showed a mild increase compared to IFNß, suggesting that the viral infection could partially modify its expression. All results obtained in this study showed that during CPV-2c infection in MDCK cells, the IFNß expression was altered since this cytokine is one of the most critical factors for the control and inhibition of viral replication.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Interferón Tipo I/farmacología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Proteínas de la Cápside/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Perros , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Interferón beta/sangre , Interferón beta/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Parvovirus Canino , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/metabolismo , Replicación Viral/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing ß cells of pancreatic islets. Essential components of the innate immune antiviral response, including type I IFN and IFN receptor (IFNAR)-mediated signaling pathways, likely contribute to human type 1 diabetes susceptibility. We previously showed that LEW.1WR1 Ifnar1 -/- rats have a significant reduction in diabetes frequency following Kilham rat virus (KRV) infection. To delineate the impact of IFNAR loss on immune cell populations in KRV-induced diabetes, we performed flow cytometric analysis in spleens from LEW.1WR1 wild-type (WT) and Ifnar1 -/- rats after viral infection but before the onset of insulitis and diabetes. We found a relative decrease in CD8+ T cells and NK cells in KRV-infected LEW.1WR1 Ifnar1 -/- rats compared with KRV-infected WT rats; splenic regulatory T cells were diminished in WT but not Ifnar1 -/- rats. In contrast, splenic neutrophils were increased in KRV-infected Ifnar1 -/- rats compared with KRV-infected WT rats. Transcriptional analysis of splenic cells from KRV-infected rats confirmed a reduction in IFN-stimulated genes in Ifnar1 -/- compared with WT rats and revealed an increase in transcripts related to neutrophil chemotaxis and MHC class II. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that MHC class II transcripts are increased in monocytes and macrophages and that numerous types of splenic cells harbor KRV. Collectively, these findings identify dynamic shifts in innate and adaptive immune cells following IFNAR disruption in a rat model of autoimmune diabetes, providing insights toward the role of type I IFNs in autoimmunity.
Asunto(s)
Autoinmunidad/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Quimiotaxis/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Masculino , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus/inmunología , RNA-Seq , Ratas , Ratas Transgénicas , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/genética , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
A unique region of human parvovirus B19 virusVP1 (B19VVP1u) has been linked to a variety of cardiac disorders. However, the precise role of B19VVP1u in inducing cardiac injury remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of B19VVP1u and different regions of B19VVP1u, including B19VVP1uA (residues 160), B19VVP1uB (residues 61129), B19VVP1uC (residues 130195) and B19VVP1uD (residues 196227), on inducing cardiac injury in naïve mice by zymography, immunoblotting, H&E staining and cytokine immunoassay. A significantly higher MMP9/MMP2 ratio and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL6 and IL1ß, were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19Vnonstructural protein 1 (B19VNS1) and B19VVP1u, accompanied by increased expression levels of phosphorylated (p)ERK and pP38. Significantly upregulated expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), hearttype fatty acidbinding protein (HFABP) and creatine kinase isoenzymeMB (CKMB), which are wellknown cardiac injury markers, as well as increased infiltration of lymphocytes, were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19VVP1, B19VNS1 and B19VVP1u. Moreover, a significantly higher MMP9/MMP2 ratio and increased levels of IL6 and IL1ß were observed in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19VVP1u, B19VVP1uA, B19VVP1uB and B19VVP1uC, accompanied by upregulated pERK and pP38 expression. Notably, significantly lower levels of IL6 and IL1ß were observed in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19VVP1uD. Furthermore, significantly increased ANP, HFABP and CKMB expression levels were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19VVP1u, B19VVP1uA and B19VVP1uB, along with enhanced infiltration of lymphocytes. Significantly higher serum IL1ß, IL6, TNFα and IFNγ levels were also detected in the mice injected with B19VVP1u, B19VVP1uA and B19VVP1uB. To the best of our knowledge, the findings of the present study were the first to demonstrate that the Nterminal region (residues 1129) of B19VVP1u induces an increase in the levels of cardiac injury markers, thus providing evidence for understanding the possible functional regions within B19VVP1u.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Cápside/inmunología , Lesiones Cardíacas/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/complicaciones , Parvovirus B19 Humano/inmunología , Animales , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Proteínas de la Cápside/aislamiento & purificación , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Lesiones Cardíacas/sangre , Lesiones Cardíacas/patología , Lesiones Cardíacas/virología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Transducción de Señal/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Bencimidazoles/administración & dosificación , Fluorenos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por VIH , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C Crónica , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Sofosbuvir/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Coinfección/diagnóstico , Coinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Coinfección/inmunología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis C Crónica/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C Crónica/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunocompetencia , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Pruebas de Función Hepática/métodos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Pruebas Serológicas/métodos , Respuesta Virológica Sostenida , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Since its first discovery by Arnold Theiler in 1918, serum hepatitis also known as Theiler's disease has been reported worldwide, causing idiopathic acute hepatitis and liver failure in horses. Recent studies have suggested a novel parvovirus, named equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H), to be associated with Theiler's disease. Despite the severity and potential fatality of EqPV-H infection, little is known about the possibility of developing chronic infections and putative cross-species infection of equine sister species. In the present longitudinal study, we employed qPCR analysis, serology, and biochemical testing as well as pathology examination of liver biopsies and sequence analysis to investigate potential chronic EqPV-H infection in an isolated study cohort of in total 124 horses from Germany over five years (2013-2018). Importantly, our data suggest that EqPV-H viremia can become chronic in infected horses that do not show biochemical and pathological signs of liver disease. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood model also confirms high sequence similarity and nucleotide conservation of the multidomain nuclear phosphoprotein NS1 sequences from equine serum samples collected between 2013-2018. Moreover, by examining human, zebra, and donkey sera for the presence of EqPV-H DNA and VP1 capsid protein antibodies, we found evidence for cross-species infection in donkey, but not to human and zebra. In conclusion, this study provides proof for the occurrence of persistent EqPV-H infection in asymptomatic horses and cross-species EqPV-H detection in donkeys.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis Viral Animal/sangre , Hepatitis Viral Animal/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Parvovirus/genética , Viremia/veterinaria , Animales , Biopsia , Estudios de Cohortes , ADN Viral/genética , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Caballos , Hígado/patología , Hígado/virología , Estudios Longitudinales , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Parvovirus/clasificación , Infección Persistente , FilogeniaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a pathogen that threatens the quality of plasma products. Therefore, health authorities have mandated measures against B19 contamination of plasma pools. The US FDA has recommended a B19 genome level of 104 IU/ml or lower in pooled plasma lots. Therefore, the B19 nucleic acid amplification test (B19-NAT) has been introduced in many plasma fractionators. However, in the Japanese Red Cross, which is the only approved blood collector in Japan, the B19 antigen test has been introduced for screening donated blood in Japan. Therefore, to clarify whether the antigen test is robust enough to screen blood samples according to the FDA recommendation, we evaluated B19 genome levels in each pooled plasma lot from 2003 to 2020. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data of 5576 pooled plasma lots from factories A and B, which were derived from plasma bags and passed the B19 antigen-based tests, receptor-mediated hemagglutination assay (B19-RHA), or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (B19-CLEIA), during 2003 to 2020, were evaluated. The amount of B19 genome in each lot was determined using quantitative or semiquantitative B19-NAT. RESULTS: The B19 genome levels in pooled plasma lots screened using B19-RHA did not meet the FDA recommendation, whereas the lots derived from B19-CLEIA fulfilled the FDA recommendation, even during the B19 epidemic in Japan. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that the B19-CLEIA donor screening for plasma pools is also useful in light of the US FDA recommendation.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/análisis , ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos Virales/sangre , ADN Viral/sangre , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas/métodos , Tamizaje Masivo , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virologíaRESUMEN
Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV) and cutavirus (CuV), have recently been discovered in diarrheal stool. BuV has been associated with diarrhea and CuV with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there are hardly any data for TuV or CuV in stool or respiratory samples. Hence, using qPCR and IgG enzyme immunoassays, we analyzed 1072 stool, 316 respiratory and 445 serum or plasma samples from 1098 patients with and without gastroenteritis (GE) or respiratory-tract infections (RTI) from Finland, Latvia and Malawi. The overall CuV-DNA prevalences in stool samples ranged between 0-6.1% among our six patient cohorts. In Finland, CuV DNA was significantly more prevalent in GE patients above rather than below 60 years of age (5.1% vs 0.2%). CuV DNA was more prevalent in stools among Latvian and Malawian children compared with Finnish children. In 10/11 CuV DNA-positive adults and 4/6 CuV DNA-positive children with GE, no known causal pathogens were detected. Interestingly, for the first time, CuV DNA was observed in two nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with RTI and the rare TuV in diarrheal stools of two adults. Our results provide new insights on the occurrence of human protoparvoviruses in GE and RTI in different countries.
Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/genética , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus/genética , Enfermedades Respiratorias/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , ADN Viral/análisis , Heces/virología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Letonia/epidemiología , Malaui/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nasofaringe/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Parvovirus/clasificación , Filogenia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/sangre , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Human parvovirus (B19V) is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum in children and is linked to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Studies related to B19V prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and other parts of Asia are very scarce. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence (anti-B19V IgM and IgG), the viremia rate (B19V DNA), and the circulating genotypes of B19V among blood donors in Qatar. METHODS: Donors' blood samples (n = 5026) from different nationalities, mainly from the MENA region and South East Asia, were collected from 2014-2016. Samples were tested for the B19V DNA using RT-PCR. Furthermore, 1000 selected samples were tested to determine the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genotyping was performed on 65 DNA positive samples by sequencing of nested PCR fragments (NS1-VP1u region, 927 nt). RESULTS: Only 1.4% (70/5026) of the samples had detectible B19V DNA in their blood. B19V DNA prevalence statistically decreased with age (p = 0.03). Anti-B19V IgG was detected in 60.3% (561/930) of the tested samples, while only 2.1% (20/930) were IgM-positive and 1.2% (11/930) were both IgM- and IgG-positive. B19V genotyping showed a predominance of Genotype 1 (100%). Sequence analysis of the NS1-VP1u region revealed 139 mutation sites, some of which were amino acid substitutions. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated a relatively high seroprevalence of B19V in Qatar. Most importantly, B19 DNA was detected among Qatari and non-Qatari blood donors. Therefore, blood banks in Qatar might need to consider screening for B19V, especially when transfusion is intended for high-risk populations, including immunocompromised patients.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Filogenia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , ADN Viral/sangre , Eritema Infeccioso/epidemiología , Eritema Infeccioso/virología , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/clasificación , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Prevalencia , Qatar , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Viremia/epidemiología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/complicaciones , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/complicaciones , Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/sangre , Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/patología , Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/terapia , Niño , Transfusión de Eritrocitos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Hemólisis , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/patología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/terapia , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Rituximab/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is commonly acute and self-limited, but in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under dialysis treatment, this infection could increase susceptibility to acute and chronic anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk of B19V infection among Brazilian CKD patients under dialysis. METHODS: A study was conducted among 221 CKD patients and a control group of 142 blood donors. B19V infection was evaluated in serum samples by real-time PCR, and ELISA (anti-B19V IgM and IgG). RESULTS: B19V DNA was detected in 65% (145/221) of CKD patients, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the blood donors (6.3%). Simultaneous detection of B19V IgG and viremia was shown in 40.3% of CKD patients, which was indicative of persistent B19V infection. CKD patients showed an increased risk of developing B19V infection (OR = 28.1, CI = 13.5-58.5, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite an absence of clinical signs of B19V infection, these data highlight the importance of B19V infection in this high-risk population, since a persistent B19V infection could become clinically significant after renal transplant. Moreover, the persistent viremia should be considered as a potential risk, mainly because of the contamination of dialysis equipment.
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Infecciones por Parvoviridae/etiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/fisiología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , ADN Viral/sangre , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Plasma from patients with dengue-like symptoms was collected in 2013 to 2016 from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Amapa. 781 samples testing negative for IgM against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and enteroviruses RNA using RT-PCRs were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Viral particles-associated nucleic acids were enriched, randomly amplified, and deep sequenced in 102 mini-pools generating over 2 billion reads. Sequence data was analyzed for the presence of known and novel eukaryotic viral reads. Anelloviruses were detected in 80%, human pegivirus 1 in 19%, and parvovirus B19 in 17% of plasma pools. HIV and enteroviruses were detected in two pools each. Previously uncharacterized viral genomes were also identified, and their presence in single plasma samples confirmed by PCR. Chapparvovirus and ambidensovirus genomes, both in the Parvoviridae family, were partially characterized showing 33% and 34% identity in their NS1 sequences to their closest relative. Molecular surveillance using pre-existing plasma from febrile patients provides a readily scalable approach for the detection of novel, potentially emerging, viruses.
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Infecciones por Arbovirus/sangre , Densovirus/genética , Densovirus/fisiología , Metagenómica , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Infections with porcine parvoviruses 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are widespread in pig population. PCV2 is involved in a number of disease syndromes collectively called PCV2-associated diseases (PCVD). It is well elucidated, that PPV1 may act as a triggering factor of PCVD through supporting PCV2 replication. Less is known about the PPV2-PPV7 impact on PCV2 viremia, but several authors suggested an association between these viruses. In order to provide a better understanding of PCV2 and PPVs co-infections, 519 serum samples from eight Polish swine farms were tested by real-time PCR to assess the possible impact of PPV1-PPV7 on PCV2 viremia. Among all 519 serum samples, 30.6 % were positive for PCV2 and PPVs detection rates ranged from 2.9 % (PPV1) to 26.6 % (PPV2). Within 159 serum samples categorized as PCV2-positive, the prevalence rates of PPVs ranged from 7.5 % (PPV1) to 37.1 % (PPV6). The level of PCV2 viremia was significantly higher only in serum samples positive for PPV1 and PPV7 compared to samples negative for these PPVs. Moreover, the correlation between Ct values for PPV7 and PCV2 was observed. Thus, our results suggested that apart from PPV1, also PPV7 stimulate the replication of PCV2.
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Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Circovirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Parvovirus Porcino/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Viremia/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones por Circoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Circoviridae/epidemiología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/virología , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/sangre , Granjas , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Filogenia , Polonia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Porcinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dogs infected with canine parvovirus (CPV) have compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Production of D-lactate by enteric bacteria may directly reflect disease severity or contribute to metabolic acid-base status in these dogs. HYPOTHESIS: Serum D-lactate concentration will be increased in CPV dogs compared to healthy controls and correlate with markers of disease severity and acid-base status. ANIMALS: Dogs with CPV undergoing treatment (n = 40) and healthy control dogs (n = 9). METHODS: Prospective observational study. Dogs with CPV had a baseline and daily CBC, venous blood gas with serum electrolyte concentrations, composite clinical severity score, and serum D-lactate concentration performed. A single serum D-lactate measurement was obtained from healthy control dogs. RESULTS: The CPV dogs had a higher D-lactate concentration (mean ± SD) of 469 ± 173 µM compared to controls, 306 ± 45 µM (P < .001). There was no difference in baseline D-lactate concentrations for CPV survivors (474 ± 28 µM), versus nonsurvivors (424 ± 116 µM; P = .70). D-lactate concentration decreased over the first 4 days of treatment (-9.6 µM/d; P = .46). Dogs hospitalized for <4 days had lower baseline D-lactate concentrations compared to those hospitalized ≥4 days (400 ± 178 µM versus 520 ± 152 µM; P = .03). No sustained correlation over time between serum D-lactate concentration and clinical severity score or recorded acid-base results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Serum D-lactate concentrations are higher in dogs with CPV compared to healthy controls but do not appear to be clinically relevant. No relationship identified between serum D-lactate concentrations and markers of CPV disease severity, acid-base status, or outcome.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enteritis/veterinaria , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Enteritis/sangre , Enteritis/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/patología , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (B19) has tropism for cells of the erythroid lineage, which may lead to transient inhibition of erythropoiesis. Several studies and case reports suggested that B19 infection may contribute significantly to severe chronic anemia in HIV infected persons. OBJECTIVE: To detect parvovirus B19 DNA in treatment-naïve HIV patients. METHODS: This was a case control retrospective study. One hundred nineteen anemic and 81 non-anemic treatment-naïve HIV infected patients participated in the study at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect B19 DNA. RESULTS: Out of 200 patients analysed, 13(6.5%) had parvovirus B19 DNA. Eight HIV patients with anemia had B19 DNA while five non-anemic HIV patients had B19 DNA. This suggests that the presence of B19 DNA in the blood of HIV positive individuals may contribute to anemia because the majority (61.5%) who were positive for B19 DNA had anemia as compared to the non-anemic control group (38.5%). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the presence of B19 DNA in anemic HIV infected patients is not associated with chronic anaemia in HIV infection because no significant association exist.
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Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , Anemia/virología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/sangre , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/inmunología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anemia/epidemiología , Anemia/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nigeria/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/inmunología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Currently, along with the increasing need of medical organizations for blood preparations, algorithms for laboratory testing of blood donors are not available for all infections with hemo-contact mechanism of transmission. A representative example is infection caused by parvovirus Ð19. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The article presents the results of the original study, the purpose of which was to study the prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus B19 and the activity of the circulation of this virus in socially important categories of the population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The materials of the study were blood samples from blood donors of Saint Petersburg, as well as parvovirus Ð19 sequences isolated from DNA-positive plasma samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the results of the laboratory examination, a high proportion of carriers of virus-specific IgG antibodies was found in studied group of donors, which confirms the previous infection of parvovirus B19 in them and illustrates the high prevalence of infection in this socially significant group. Based on the results of the blood preparations testing, the presence of parvovirus DNA Ð19 in a significant number of samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction method. This indicates an current parvovirus infection in the examined donors and points to a high epidemiological risk of the blood products obtained from them. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the VP1 gene demonstrated that the studied isolates belonged to Ð1 genotype and its subtype 1Ð2, which correlates with the genotypes of parvovirus Ð19 circulating in the European Union and Asia. In addition, two previously unknown Ð19 parvovirus isolates were isolated, the nucleotide sequences of which were deposited into the international GenBank database. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study, it is justified to include testing of blood samples for markers of Ð19 parvovirus infection in existing algorithms of laboratory examination of donors, which will ensure prevention of hemo-contact infection of blood recipients with parvovirus Ð19.