RESUMEN
In the 1980s in Mexico, that of the «moral renewal¼, there was the opening to the market and the manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS. In this writing, the historical and therapeutic conditions are related to alleviate the syndrome until the arrival of the first antiretroviral. It is a reconstruction of the events, of which the medical-social, main clinical manifestations and of course the pharmacological therapy, until de the development zidovudina or azidotimidina of AZT, the first antiretroviral to be approved. Nevertheless, in the Mexican context, this event wasn't decisive to significantly change the morbility and the mortality.
En el México de la década de 1980, el de la «renovación moral¼, se vivió la apertura al mercado y la manifestación del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el sida. En este escrito se relatan las condiciones históricas y terapéuticas del síndrome en los pacientes mexicanos, hasta la llegada del primer antirretroviral. Se trata de una reconstrucción de los hechos, de los cuales se ha profundizado en aspectos médico-sociales, principales manifestaciones clínicas y terapéutica farmacológica, hasta que interviene en la patogenia del VIH/sida el desarrollo de la zidovudina o azidotimidina (AZT), primer antirretroviral en ser aprobado. No obstante, en el contexto mexicano este suceso no fue determinante para cambiar de manera significativa la morbimortalidad de los infectados.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH , Infecciones por VIH , Zidovudina , México , Humanos , Zidovudina/historia , Zidovudina/uso terapéutico , Historia del Siglo XX , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Anti-VIH/historia , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
This Viewpoint looks at PEPFAR (the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) from its inception to today, including successes and goals for the future to help care for people worldwide living with HIV.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Infecciones por VIH , Cooperación Internacional , Humanos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/terapia , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Estados Unidos , Historia del Siglo XXIAsunto(s)
Derechos Humanos , Racismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Apartheid/historia , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/uso terapéutico , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Derechos Humanos/historia , Racismo/historia , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/historia , Sudáfrica , Tuberculosis/historia , PersonajesRESUMEN
The "great AIDS patient revolt" had a major impact on the world of health care in Western countries. It is considered to be one of the social factors that led to the emergence of the notion of health democracy at the turn of the century. A look back at a historic struggle.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Activismo Político , Humanos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/terapia , Democracia , Inequidades en Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/historia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/normas , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud/historia , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud/normas , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXIRESUMEN
At Bristol-Myers (BM) (1985-1990), John C. Martin started his HIV career with directing the clinical development of didanosine (ddI) and stavudine (d4T). During this period, he became aware of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), such as (S)-HPMPA and PMEA, as potential antiviral drugs. Under his impulse, BM got involved in the evaluation of these ANPs, but the merger of BM with Squibb (to become BMS) incited John to leave BM and join Gilead Sciences, and the portfolio of the ANPs followed the transition. At Gilead, John succeeded in obtaining the approval from the US FDA for the use of cidofovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients, which was reminiscent of John's first experience with ganciclovir (at Syntex) as an anti-CMV agent. At Gilead, John would then engineer the development of tenofovir, first as TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and then as TAF (tenofovir alafenamide) and various combinations thereof, for the treatment of HIV infections (i), TDF and TAF for the treatment of hepatitis B (HBV) infections (ii), and TDF and TAF in combination with emtricitabine for the prophylaxis of HIV infections (iii).
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Tenofovir/uso terapéutico , Alanina/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Anti-VIH/historia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Combinación Emtricitabina y Fumarato de Tenofovir Disoproxil/historia , Combinación Emtricitabina y Fumarato de Tenofovir Disoproxil/uso terapéutico , VIH/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/historia , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/uso terapéutico , Tenofovir/análogos & derivados , Tenofovir/historiaRESUMEN
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities. Many disparities mirror those of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS epidemic. These health inequities have repeated throughout history due to the structural oppression of LGBTQ+ people. We aim to demonstrate that the familiar patterns of LGBTQ+ health disparities reflect a perpetuating, deeply rooted cycle of injustice imposed on LGBTQ+ people. Here, we contextualize COVID-19 inequities through the history of the HIV/AIDS crisis, describe manifestations of LGBTQ+ structural oppression exacerbated by the pandemic, and provide recommendations for medical professionals and institutions seeking to reduce health inequities.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Inequidades en Salud , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Personas Transgénero , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Masculino , PandemiasAsunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Percepción , Estigma SocialAsunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Salud Global , Equidad en Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Atención de Enfermería/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , PhiladelphiaRESUMEN
In 1981, the HIV/AIDS epidemic was first recognized in young gay men presenting with opportunistic infections and Kaposi sarcoma. Over the past 40 years, there has been an unparalleled and hugely successful effort on the part of physicians, scientists, public health experts, community activists, and grassroots organizations to study, treat, and prevent HIV/AIDS. Yet the role of dermatologists in the investigation of HIV/AIDS and in the treatment of infected patients has largely been neglected in the historical literature. It is important to revisit dermatologists' historic contributions and problematic biases during this epidemic and honor the legacy of the dermatologists who were instrumental in treating and advocating for patients affected by HIV/AIDS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Dermatólogos/historia , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Dermatólogos/organización & administración , Dermatología/historia , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Rol del Médico/historiaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/prevención & control , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Pandemias/historia , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The human immunodeficiency virus, the lentivirus that causes AIDS, is responsible for the most prevalent epidemic in the history of mankind. Here in this Timeline, we have attempted to illustrate a short history of HIV-1, from its identification in landmark papers published by Robert Gallo, Myron Essex, and Luc Montagnier, to the numerous drug and vaccine trials as well as the stride toward a possible cure. Even today, a vaccine and cure against HIV-1 remains elusive. In spite of this, in the space of 30 years, from the time when being HIV positive meant an instant death sentence, to today where millions of HIV positive people are living normal lives, the progress we have made in such a short period of time should be celebrated. To view this Timeline, open or download the PDF.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Infecciones por VIH/historia , VIH-1/patogenicidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , HumanosRESUMEN
In the last five years there has been a resurgence of scholarly research and museum exhibitions on the history of HIV and AIDS. This work has called into question some of the conventions of archiving and interpreting the history of the pandemic. It is increasingly clear that a narrow range of materials have been saved. As historians and curators turn to these holdings for analysis and exhibition, they find they inadequately represent the impact of AIDS across diverse groups as well as the range of local, national, international responses. This essay considers some of the factors that shape collection of the material culture, particularly the heritage of public health, and the consequences for our understanding of lessons from the past.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/historia , Archivos , Infecciones por VIH/historia , Museos , Salud Pública/historia , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Homosexualidad Masculina/historia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Abstract In the last five years there has been a resurgence of scholarly research and museum exhibitions on the history of HIV and AIDS. This work has called into question some of the conventions of archiving and interpreting the history of the pandemic. It is increasingly clear that a narrow range of materials have been saved. As historians and curators turn to these holdings for analysis and exhibition, they find they inadequately represent the impact of AIDS across diverse groups as well as the range of local, national, international responses. This essay considers some of the factors that shape collection of the material culture, particularly the heritage of public health, and the consequences for our understanding of lessons from the past.
Resumo Nos últimos cinco anos, retomaram-se as pesquisas acadêmicas e exposições museológicas sobre a história do HIV e da aids. Este trabalho questiona algumas das convenções de arquivamento e interpretação da história da pandemia. Fica cada vez mais claro que foi preservada uma pequena amostra de materiais. À medida que historiadores e curadores recorrem a esse patrimônio para análise e exposição, descobrem que representam de maneira inadequada o impacto da aids em diversos grupos, bem como o escopo das respostas locais, nacionais e internacionais. Este artigo considera alguns dos fatores que influenciam a coleção de cultura material, em particular o legado da saúde pública e as consequências de nossa compreensão das lições do passado.