RESUMEN
Null.
Asunto(s)
Inositol , Pesarios , Humanos , Femenino , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto , Infertilidad Femenina/terapiaRESUMEN
This study investigates the effects of inositol (INO) supplementation on cardiac changes caused by Li in mice. The study involved 4 groups of C57BL6 mice (n=10 each): (i) mice orally administered with Li2CO3 for 8 weeks, then 4 additional weeks without (Li_group) or (ii) with INO supplementation (Li_INOdelayed_group) (total of 12 weeks); (iii) mice given Li2CO3 and INO supplementation concurrently for 12 weeks (Li+INO_group); (iv) one group left untreated (C-group). The INO was administered as a mixture of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (80:1) in drinking water. The mice were characterised for heart morphology, function, electrical activity, arrhythmogenic susceptibility, and multiorgan histopathology (heart, liver and kidney). Cardiomyocyte size, protein expression of key signalling pathways related to hypertrophy, and transcription levels of ion channel subunits and hypertrophy markers were evaluated in the ventricle tissue. The study found that INO supplementation reduced the Li-induced cardiac adverse effects, including systolic impairment and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. The positive effect on arrhythmias might be attributed to the restored expression levels of the potassium channel subunit Kv 1.5. Additionally, INO improved cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, possibly by inhibiting the Li-induced activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway and by restoring the normal expression level of BNP, and alleviated injury in the liver and kidney. The effect was preventive if INO supplementation was taken concurrently with Li and therapeutic if INO was administered after Li-induced cardiac impairments were established. These results provide new insights into the cardioprotective effect of INO and suggest a potential treatment approach for Li-induced cardiac disease.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Administración Oral , Inositol/farmacología , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Litio/administración & dosificación , Litio/farmacología , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Arritmias Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevención & control , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cardiopatías/inducido químicamente , Cardiopatías/prevención & control , Cardiopatías/patología , Cardiopatías/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Myo-inositol (MI) is the most abundant inositol found in nature. To date MI supplementation is reported to be effective in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, it is also suggested to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, but to date no statistically significant effects of inositol on depressive and anxiety symptoms were proven. In the study of anxiolytic effects in zebrafish, we often use the thigmotaxis index measuring the ratio of the amount of time the animal spends near the walls compared to the entire arena. AIM: The objective of this paper was to examine the effect of MI on zebrafish embryos' locomotor activity, as well as its potential anxiolytic activity in zebrafish larvae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the first part of the experiment, the embryos were incubated with 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL MI. 1-day post fertilization, embryo mobility was evaluated and burst activity was calculated. In the next part of the study, the behavior of 5-day-old larvae was tested. RESULTS: Tests on embryo movement showed an increase in burst activity in the MI group at concentrations of 40 mg/mL (p < 0.0001) and a slight decrease in the group at concentrations of 10 mg/mL (p < 0.05). MI in the light/dark challenge had no impact on the thigmotaxis index. CONCLUSIONS: MI was shown to not affect stress reduction in zebrafish larvae. Further research on the potential of MI and other stereoisomers is needed.
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Ansiolíticos , Conducta Animal , Inositol , Pez Cebra , Animales , Inositol/farmacología , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Embrión no Mamífero/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
We previously reported that a combined myo-inositol, probiotics, and enriched micronutrient supplement (intervention) taken preconception and in pregnancy reduced postpartum blood loss (PBL) and major postpartum hemorrhage compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), as secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR trial. This study aimed to identify the intervention components that may contribute to this effect. Associations of plasma concentrations of myo-inositol and vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D at preconception (before and after supplementation), early (~7-weeks), and late pregnancy (~28-weeks) with PBL were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for site, ethnicity, preconception BMI, parity, and previous cesarean section. Amongst 583 women, a higher concentration of myo-inositol in early pregnancy was associated with a PBL reduction [ßadj -1.26 (95%CI -2.23, -0.29) mL per µmol/L myo-inositol increase, p = 0.011]. Applying this co-efficient to the increase in mean 7-week-myo-inositol concentration of 23.4 µmol/L with the intervention equated to a PBL reduction of 29.5 mL (~8.4% of mean PBL of 350 mL among controls), accounting for 84.3% of the previously reported intervention effect of 35 mL. None of the examined vitamins were associated with PBL. Therefore, myo-inositol may be a key intervention component mediating the PBL reduction. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms involved.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol , Hemorragia Posparto , Humanos , Femenino , Inositol/sangre , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Adulto , Hemorragia Posparto/sangre , Hemorragia Posparto/prevención & control , Micronutrientes/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Periodo Posparto/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: PCOS, beyond being characterized by reproductive disturbances, is a complicated rapid expanding metabolic and endocrinologic disorder of the recent times. Nearly 70% PCOS women show resistance to insulin. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine and compare the effectiveness of acarbose plus metformin and acarbose plus myo-inositol combination therapy in alleviating the metabolic and endocrinologic complications of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open labelled RCT was conducted on 168 PCOS women attending the gynaecology clinic at SRM MCH & RC, Chengalpattu and the trial was registered in CTRI (No. CTRI/2022/04/041877). Group A (n = 56) received metformin 500 mg/TID alone; group B (n = 54) received (acarbose 25 mg/TID for 4 weeks then 50 mg/TID for other 20 weeks) along with metformin 500 mg/TID and group C (n = 54) received (acarbose 25 mg/TID for 4 weeks then 50 mg/TID for other 20 weeks) along with myoinositol 1000 mg/BD. All parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of 6 months. RESULTS: Significant reduction of LH, LH: FSH, TT, HOMA-IR was observed in all the groups. FSH increased only in metformin group. Increase in serum progesterone and reduction in FI, TGL, LDL were significant only in acarbose plus myo-inositol group. SHBG and HDL increased significantly only in acarbose plus metformin group. No changes in BMI, TC and VLDL were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, decrease in FI, HOMA-IR, TGL, LDL seen in acarbose plus myo-inositol group indirectly contributes to cardio-metabolic safety in PCOS. Similarly, a significant increase in SHBG levels with acarbose plus metformin group shows correction of the excess androgen and restoration of ovulation.
Asunto(s)
Acarbosa , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hipoglucemiantes , Inositol , Metformina , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/complicaciones , Femenino , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/uso terapéutico , Acarbosa/uso terapéutico , Acarbosa/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Adulto Joven , Resistencia a la Insulina , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This Special Report aims to highlight the importance of tailored therapies in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), avoiding prescribing generalized or unsuitable therapies based on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). AREAS COVERED: This article discusses the benefits and risks of OCP-based therapy, highlighting the possible undesirable effects, especially in those patients exhibiting risk factors as women with PCOS, and the importance of carefully evaluated tailored therapeutic approaches. Literature searches were performed with the use of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science between January and February 2024. EXPERT OPINION: Considering the recent re-analysis of PCOS Rotterdam Criteria by the Expert Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), the traditional Rotterdam phenotypes can be reclassified to achieve more efficacious therapy choices. Using personalized therapies that consider the specific clinical characteristics of the patient allows to improve the management of the syndrome, thus avoiding the generalized use of OCPs, which risk treating only symptoms of PCOS rather than the underlying cause. In cases when contraceptive purpose is desired, patients may benefit from combined therapy with diet or insulin-sensitizer agents, as inositol, to rebalance the metabolic profile, thus reducing the risk of developing future complications.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Anticonceptivos Orales/uso terapéutico , Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Anticonceptivos Orales/administración & dosificación , Factores de Riesgo , Medicina de Precisión , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The study aims to demonstrate the effects of Vitamin D (VD) supplementation, prior to oocyte pick-up within IVF protocols, in women with diverse VD status at the enrollment. METHODS: A total of 204 women eligible for intra-cytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were included in the study and two homogeneous groups were selected from the database. Both group of patients with normal VD baseline level (> 40 ng/ml) and patients with low VD baseline level (< 20 ng/ml) were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group followed the standard procedure. The treatment group was supplemented with vitamin D3 as cholecalciferol in combination with Myo-Inositol, folic acid, and melatonin 3 months before standard procedure, once a day in the evening. RESULTS: VD levels significantly increased in the study group of low baseline VD, both in serum and in the follicular fluid compared to controls. The treatment induced a significant improvement of the embryo quality in both group of patients considered. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of VD in patients undergoing ICSI procedures significantly improved the number of top-quality embryos compared with the control group, either starting from VD normal baseline values or starting from low values. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 07/2018.
Asunto(s)
Colecalciferol , Suplementos Dietéticos , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Vitamina D , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Vitamina D/sangre , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Colecalciferol/uso terapéutico , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Embarazo , Líquido Folicular/química , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/uso terapéutico , Recuperación del Oocito , Vitaminas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: Hormonal changes physiologically occurring in menopausal women may increase the risk of developing metabolic and vasomotor disturbances, which contribute to increase the risk of developing other concomitant pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 200 menopausal women with MetS and vasomotor symptoms taking one sachet per day of the dietary supplement INOFOLIC® NRT (Farmares srl, Rome, Italy) were collected. Each sachet consisted of myo-Inositol (2000 mg), cocoa polyphenols (30 mg), and soy isoflavones (80 mg, of which 50 mg is genistin). Patients recorded their symptoms through a medical questionnaire at the beginning of the administration (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: We observed an improvement in both the frequency and the severity of hot flushes: increased percentage of 2-3 hot flushes (28 at T0 vs. 65% at T1, p value < 0.001) and decreased percentage of 4-9 hot flushes (54% at T0 vs. 18% at T1, p value < 0.001). Moreover, symptoms of depression improved after supplementation (87% at T0 vs. 56% at T1 of patients reported moderate depression symptoms, p value < 0.001). Regarding metabolic profile, women improved body mass index and waist circumference with a reduction in the percentage of overweight and obesity women (88% at T0 vs. 51% at T1, p value = 0.01; 14% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p value = 0.04). In addition, the number of women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes reduced (26% at T0 vs. 16% at T1, p value = 0.04). Conclusions: These data corroborate previously observed beneficial effects of the oral administration of myo-Inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones against menopausal symptoms in the study population. Considering the promising results of the present study, further prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to deeply understand and support the efficacy of these natural compounds for the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Glycine max , Sofocos , Inositol , Isoflavonas , Menopausia , Síndrome Metabólico , Polifenoles , Humanos , Femenino , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Isoflavonas/uso terapéutico , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Isoflavonas/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polifenoles/administración & dosificación , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Polifenoles/análisis , Inositol/uso terapéutico , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/análisis , Sofocos/tratamiento farmacológico , Menopausia/efectos de los fármacos , Menopausia/fisiología , Cacao , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disorder in broilers that has financial implications, necessitating dietary modifications to reduce the prevalence of this disease. This study explored how arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI) supplementation affected tibial growth plate (TGP) and overall bone health in broilers with manganese (Mn) deficiency-induced TD.2. A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each consisting of 60 birds (15 replicates of four broilers each) as follows: i) Control, with 60 mg Mn per kg of diet; ii) ASI, with 60 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet; iii) TD, with 22 mg Mn per kg of diet, and iv) TD+ASI, with 22 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet.3. It was found that ASI supplementation increased tibial bone length in Mn-deficient TD broilers (p = 0.007). There was no Mn x ASI interaction for other bone morphometry variables (p > 0.05). However, both tibial bone mineral content and density were affected by Mn and ASI (p < 0.05). With ASI supplementation, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were elevated in the TD+ASI group compared to the TD group (p < 0.001). In the TD group, osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the TGP decreased compared to the control groups (p < 0.001).4. In contrast, ASI supplementation in the TD broilers counteracted the decrease in OPG compared to TD broilers without ASI supplementation (p < 0.001). The Mn level and ASI supplementation significantly influenced the OPG/receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio (p < 0.001).5. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that inclusion of ASI in broiler diets could enhance bone formation variables by controlling OPG levels in the TGP, potentially serving as an effective method to decrease the occurrence of TD.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Arginina , Pollos , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol , Manganeso , Osteocondrodisplasias , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Tibia , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Manganeso/administración & dosificación , Manganeso/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinaria , Osteocondrodisplasias/metabolismo , Tibia/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta/veterinaria , Arginina/administración & dosificación , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Silicatos/administración & dosificación , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to systematically review the effect of selenium and inositol combination on thyroid function, autoimmune characteristics in thyroid diseases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: To identify eligible studies, a systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Science-Direct, CINHAL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psychinfo, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Web of Science were searched using the main concepts, and all English-written articles that were published between 2007 and 2022 and had an available full text were examined. RESULTS: The data analysis of this research revealed that after the simultaneous use of selenium and inositol supplements, the level of Triiodothyronine(T3) increased by 0.105 in patients with thyroid disorders although this increase was not significant (P-value: 0.228). The level of Thyroxine (T4) significantly increased by 0.06 (P-value: 0.04). Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb) titer decreased by 119.36%, which was not significant (P-value: 0.070). Finally, the level of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) decreased by 1.45%, which was a significant change (P-value: 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was observed that simultaneous use of selenium and inositol supplements did not change the T3 and TPOAb titer levels; however, it leads to a decrease in TSH and increase in T4 levels. Further studies are required due to the limited number of studies.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol , Selenio , Enfermedades de la Tiroides , Glándula Tiroides , Humanos , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Quimioterapia Combinada , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/farmacología , Inositol/uso terapéutico , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/farmacología , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/inmunología , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacos , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/administración & dosificación , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS: In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: After the 6-month intervention, comparison between MET and MI in time to treatment analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatments for all analyzed parameters. Only borderline significantly lower AUC glucose was found in the MET group in comparison to the MI group (p = 0.071). The main effect of treatment was shown for glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (p = 0.032) and testosterone (p = 0.002). The main effect of time was shown for body mass (p = 0.004), waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), body fat mass (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.020), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.015), SHBG (p = 0.013), 17OH progesterone (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.004) and estradiol (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Our study showed similar effects of MET and MI on BMI, body composition, hormonal profile, metabolism of glucose and insulin, and adiponectin level. The two insulin sensitizers, MET and MI, were useful in reducing BMI and improving body composition without significant differences between the two treatments in PCOS women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN13199265. Trial registration date: 14.04.2021. (ISRCTN Registry), retrospectively registered.
Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Obesidad , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/complicaciones , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/diagnóstico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Complejo Vitamínico B/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological and metabolic disorder widely diffused and diagnosed in women of reproductive age. The pathology exhibits alteration of the reproductive functions, including conditions as hyperandrogenism, menstrual cycle irregularity, type 2 diabetes. These conditions are visible in the patients through phenotypical manifestations as hirsutism, acne, and obesity. Even if the syndrome is characterized by common features among both adult and adolescent women, the diagnostic criteria are different for the two age categories and to date still controversial. We investigated different treatments in PCOS adolescents with non-severe metabolic conditions, to evaluate which could be the appropriate therapeutical approach for these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled lean teenagers with PCOS, and we divided the patients in two age ranges: 13-16 years old and 17-19 years old. They were treated for 3 months either with oral contraceptive pills (OCP) drospirenone/ethinylestradiol (group A), myo-Inositol (myo-Ins) (group B), or OCP plus myo-Ins (group C). Data were analyzed with a descriptive statistics summarizing quantitative variables including median, 25th and 75th percentiles. RESULTS: We pointed out that the group of 13-16 years old lean teenagers treated with myo-Ins exhibit a significant decrease of weight and body mass index (BMI), and an effective improvement the metabolic and hormonal parameters achieved with a non-pharmacological treatment. In the older teenagers aged 17-19 years, data highlights that myo-Ins treatment in combination with OCP prevents the increases of weight and BMI, improves the metabolic profile of the patients, and strongly ameliorates the hormonal parameters analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a different scenario in the two age ranges considered and interestingly suggest an important role of myo-Ins in the PCOS context. A therapy based on this natural compound alone or in combination with OCP seems effective to improve both metabolic and hormonal parameters of PCOS adolescents and thus could represent a novel and valid option to consider for the treatment of this syndrome.
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Androstenos/administración & dosificación , Anticonceptivos Orales/administración & dosificación , Etinilestradiol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/fisiopatología , Delgadez , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) is an ergogenic aid that upregulates nitric oxide. Acute ASI supplementation improves working memory and processing speed in young adults but there is a lack of data examining other cognitive tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine acute ASI effects on young healthy adults by assessing multiple cognitive domains. Nineteen young adults (20.9 ± 3.2 years) completed this randomized, double-blind, crossover study consuming ASI (1.5 g ASI + 12 g dextrose) and placebo (12 g dextrose). The participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and two digital cognitive assessments before consuming the supplement and then completed the same battery of tests 60 min post-supplementation. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that ASI consumption significantly improved total RBANS and immediate memory scores compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were displayed between trials for other cognitive domains (p > 0.05). Acute ASI ingestion increased overall RBANS scores and immediate memory scores in young adults. More research is needed to examine the acute effects of ASI on other domains of cognition, in older populations, and its long-term effects on cognition.
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Arginina/administración & dosificación , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Silicatos/administración & dosificación , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Inositol stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) ingestion has been reported to increase nitric oxide levels while inositol (I) has been reported to enhance neurotransmission. The current study examined whether acute ASI + I (Inositol-enhanced bonded arginine silicate) ingestion affects cognitive function in e-sport gamers. In a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, and crossover trial, 26 healthy male (n = 18) and female (n = 8) experienced gamers (23 ± 5 years, 171 ± 11 cm, 71.1 ± 14 kg, 20.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume 1600 mg of ASI + I (nooLVL®, Nutrition 21) or 1600 mg of a maltodextrin placebo (PLA). Prior to testing, participants recorded their diet, refrained from consuming atypical amounts of stimulants and foods high in arginine and nitrates, and fasted for 8 h. During testing sessions, participants completed stimulant sensitivity questionnaires and performed cognitive function tests (i.e., Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting task test, Go/No-Go test, Sternberg Task Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test, Cambridge Brain Sciences Reasoning and Concentration test) and a light reaction test. Participants then ingested treatments in a randomized manner. Fifteen minutes following ingestion, participants repeated tests (Pre-Game). Participants then played their favorite video game for 1-h and repeated the battery of tests (Post-Game). Participants observed a 7-14-day washout period and then replicated the study with the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using weight as a covariate, paired t-tests (not adjusted to weight), and mean changes from baseline with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Pairwise comparison revealed that there was a significant improvement in Sternberg Mean Present Reaction Time (ASI + I vs. PLA; p < 0.05). In Post-Game assessments, 4-letter Absent Reaction Time (p < 0.05), 6-letter Present Reaction Time (p < 0.01), 6-letter Absent Reaction Time (p < 0.01), Mean Present Reaction Time (p < 0.02), and Mean Absent Reaction Time (p < 0.03) were improved with ASI + I vs. PLA. There was a non-significant trend in Pre-Game Sternberg 4-letter Present Reaction time in ASI + I vs. PLA (p < 0.07). ASI + I ingestion better maintained changes in Go/No-Go Mean Accuracy and Reaction Time, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Reaction Time, and Cambridge Post-Game Visio-spatial Processing and Planning. Results provide evidence that ASI + I ingestion prior to playing video games may enhance some measures of short-term and working memory, reaction time, reasoning, and concentration in experienced gamers.
Asunto(s)
Arginina/administración & dosificación , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Función Ejecutiva/efectos de los fármacos , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Silicatos/administración & dosificación , Juegos de Video/psicología , Adulto , Atención/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Solución de Problemas/efectos de los fármacos , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We studied whether myo-inositol supplementation throughout lactation, alone and combined with leptin, may reverse detrimental effects on hypothalamic structure and function caused by gestational calorie gestation (CR) in rats. Candidate early transcript-based biomarkers of metabolic health in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also studied. Offspring of dams exposed to 25% gestational CR and supplemented during lactation with physiological doses of leptin (CR-L), myo-inositol (CR-M), the combination (CR-LM), or the vehicle (CR-V) as well as control rats (CON-V) were followed and sacrificed at postnatal day 25. Myo-inositol and the combination increased the number of neurons in arcuate nucleus (ARC) (only in females) and paraventricular nucleus, and myo-inositol (alone) restored the number of αMSH+ neurons in ARC. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of Lepr in CR-M and Insr in CR-M and CR-LM males were higher than in CR-V and CON-V, respectively. In PBMC, increased expression levels of Lrp11 and Gls in CR-V were partially normalized in all supplemented groups (but only in males for Gls). Therefore, myo-inositol supplementation throughout lactation, alone and combined with leptin, reverts programmed alterations by fetal undernutrition on hypothalamic structure and gene expression of potential early biomarkers of metabolic health in PBMC, which might be attributed, in part, to increased leptin sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Animales Lactantes/fisiología , Restricción Calórica/efectos adversos , Hipotálamo/embriología , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Hipotálamo/química , Hipotálamo/citología , Lactancia/fisiología , Leptina , Leucocitos Mononucleares/química , Masculino , Embarazo , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Leptina/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience a poor quality of life (QoL) and a weak adherence to the therapy due to the various side effects occurring during the pharmacological therapy. To date clinicians have no tools to intervene on such effects, considering them as an unavoidable part of the therapy. This review paves the way for a step forward in the management of patients with BD bridging the therapeutic gap in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature, searching through different databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar). We used different keywords, including bipolar disorder, lithium and valproic acid, inositol role in bipolar disorder, side effects, inositol depletion, supplementation of inositols under lithium treatment, inositol role in metabolism, hypothyroidism, renal and cardiac functionality. In particular, we narrowed the search down to English literature, excluding works before 1980s. Regarding clinical studies, we included case reports and both preclinical and clinical studies, especially only those exhibiting a control group. The outcome of the database search was to highlight the threat of side effects and the relationship with inositol lower levels, paving the way for a step forward in the management of patients with BD. RESULTS: Based on the collected evidence, the combined administration of myo-inositol (myo-ins) and d-chiro-inositol (d-chiro-ins) is strongly recommended in order to restore levels and metabolism of inositols. Previous studies pointed out the beneficial effects of inositols in recovering pathological conditions, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, weight gain, cardiac functionality, being all these conditions related to the depletion of inositols. Furthermore, a controlled dosage of inositols, up to 6 grams/daily, may reduce the side effects caused by lithium therapy, without hindering its central therapeutic role on patients' mood. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the iatrogenic depletion of inositols, the tailored ratio 80:1 in favour of myo-ins, may become a safe and effective strategy to counteract side effects, by providing a large amount of myo-ins and an adequate one of d-chiro-ins. The clinical dosage of inositols used as dietary supplementation is 4 grams/daily, and it may allow the recovery of the side effects and improve patients' QoL, without reducing the central therapeutic effect of the pharmacological therapy.
Asunto(s)
Antimaníacos/administración & dosificación , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Antimaníacos/efectos adversos , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Inositol/metabolismo , Compuestos de Litio/administración & dosificación , Compuestos de Litio/efectos adversos , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Calidad de Vida , Ácido Valproico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Valproico/efectos adversosRESUMEN
D-Pinitol (DPIN) is a natural occurring inositol capable of activating the insulin pathway in peripheral tissues, whereas this has not been thoroughly studied in the central nervous system. The present study assessed the potential regulatory effects of DPIN on the hypothalamic insulin signaling pathway. To this end we investigated the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade in a rat model following oral administration of DPIN. The PI3K/Akt-associated proteins were quantified by Western blot in terms of phosphorylation and total expression. Results indicate that the acute administration of DPIN induced time-dependent phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and its related substrates within the hypothalamus, indicating an activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This profile is consistent with DPIN as an insulin sensitizer since we also found a decrease in the circulating concentration of this hormone. Overall, the present study shows the pharmacological action of DPIN in the hypothalamus through the PI3K/Akt pathway when giving in fasted animals. These findings suggest that DPIN might be a candidate to treat brain insulin-resistance associated disorders by activating insulin response beyond the insulin receptor.
Asunto(s)
Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Inositol/análogos & derivados , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Administración Oral , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Glucagón/sangre , Homeostasis , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Inositol/sangre , Inositol/química , Inositol/farmacología , Insulina/sangre , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Inositols are natural molecules involved in several biochemical and metabolic functions in different organs and tissues. The term "inositols" refers to five natural stereoisomers, among which myo-Inositol (myo-Ins) is the most abundant one. Several mechanisms contribute to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis of myo-Ins levels, including its endogenous synthesis and catabolism, transmembrane transport, intestinal adsorption and renal excretion. Alterations in these mechanisms can lead to a reduction of inositols levels, exposing patient to several pathological conditions, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, hormonal and metabolic imbalances, like weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, myo-Ins is involved in different physiological processes as a key player in signal pathways, including reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic modulation. Genetic mutations in genes codifying for proteins of myo-Ins synthesis and transport, competitive processes with structurally similar molecules, and the administration of specific drugs that cause a central depletion of myo-Ins as a therapeutic outcome, can lead to a reduction of inositols levels. A deeper knowledge of the main mechanisms involved in cellular inositols depletion may add new insights for developing tailored therapeutic approaches and shaping the dosages and the route of administration, with the aim to develop efficacious and safe approaches counteracting inositols depletion-induced pathological events.
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Inositol/deficiencia , Inositol/metabolismo , Animales , Transporte Biológico , Vías Biosintéticas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Absorción Gastrointestinal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Riñón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Myo-Inositol (MYO) is the most abundant stereoisomer of inositols' family, cyclic polyols with 6 hydroxyl groups. Myo-Inositol has a relevant role in thyroid function and autoimmune diseases, as a precursor of phosphoinositides that takes part in the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signal transduction pathway. Among phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PIP2) is the precursor of inositol triphosphates (IP3), second messenger of several hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). As a second messenger in the phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent inositol phosphate Ca2+/DAG pathway, Myo-Inositol is essential to produce H2O2 required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Consequently, depletion of Myo-Inositol or impaired inositol dependent TSH signaling pathway may predispose to the development of some thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism. Many clinical studies have shown that after treatment with Myo-Inositol plus Selenium (MYO+Se), TSH levels significantly decreased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. The TSH reduction was accompanied by a decline of antithyroid autoantibodies. Moreover, Myo-Inositol supplementation seemed to be involved also in the management of thyroidal benign nodules, with a possible effect in the size reduction. This review proposes a summary of the role of inositol, especially of Myo-Inositol, in the thyroidal physiology and its contribution on the management of some thyroid diseases.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacos , Hormonas Tiroideas/metabolismo , Complejo Vitamínico B/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Hipotiroidismo/metabolismo , Hipotiroidismo/patología , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Glándula Tiroides/metabolismoRESUMEN
In Canada, caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) currently sold under Temporary Marketing Authorizations must meet strict eligibility criteria. These criteria, which include compositional and labelling requirements, were developed based on the outcome of a health risk assessment conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2013. HC updated its assessment by reviewing new information with the focus on potential cardiovascular effects associated with the consumption of CEDs available for sale in Canada. Due to limited data on CED consumption among Canadians to derive accurate exposure information, the composition of a typical CED was characterized to assess the potential effects of single ingredients and synergistic interactions between ingredients on the cardiovascular system. Surveillance data on potential adverse effects related to CED consumption was also analyzed. After extensive review, HC's updated assessment confirms the current risk management approach for CEDs is health protective for Canadian consumers, including the potential for cardiovascular effects. The available evidence supports that moderate consumption (up to 500 mL per day) of a typical CED authorized for sale in Canada is safe for the general population of healthy adults and adolescents. It also re-confirms that vulnerable sub-populations (i.e., children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals) should not consume CEDs. Novelty: Consumption up to 500 mL per day of a typical CED is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular effects. Children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals should not consume CEDs.