Asunto(s)
Ética Médica , Historia de la Medicina , Racismo , Justicia Social , Humanos , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Racismo/historia , Justicia Social/historia , Estados Unidos , Historia del Siglo XXI , Edición/ética , Edición/historia , Medicina , Prejuicio/historia , Esclavización/etnología , Esclavización/historia , Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska , Negro o Afroamericano , Massachusetts , Ética Médica/historiaRESUMEN
Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's historic election victory in 2018 marked a sharp break from past decades of neoliberal socioeconomic policies. López Obrador campaigned on the promise of deep reform, with health care high on his agenda. The public health care sector had been decimated by decades of budget cuts, eroding workers' morale and patients' confidence, and crippling all aspects of the system. This article looks back to the creation of the nation's public health care system in the early twentieth century during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). This "universal" system was designed to implement a central social justice goal of the Mexican Revolution of health care for all. The program rested on two pillars: providing care to the nation's vast, impoverished rural population and actively engaging communities in their own health care. Our objective is to critically assess the two presidents' health care initiatives within the distinct historical contexts of their administrations.
Asunto(s)
Reforma de la Atención de Salud , Política , Reforma de la Atención de Salud/historia , Reforma de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , México , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Justicia Social/historiaRESUMEN
This article memorializes Bernice Lott (1930-2022), professor emerita of psychology and women's studies at the University of Rhode Island and the first dean of the school's University College, a trailblazing social psychologist who redefined how we understand gender, ethnicity, and social class; a fierce feminist social justice pioneer and activist; and an extraordinary mentor and colleague. Highlights of Lott's career and professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Feminismo , Justicia Social , Femenino , Humanos , Justicia Social/historia , Etnicidad , Clase Social , UniversidadesAsunto(s)
Ética Médica , Periodismo Médico , Medicina , Justicia Social , Humanos , Medicina/normas , Justicia Social/ética , Justicia Social/historia , Justicia Social/lesiones , Justicia Social/normas , Ética Médica/historia , Mala Conducta Científica , Ética Profesional/historia , Periodismo Médico/historia , Periodismo Médico/normas , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXIRESUMEN
Over the past century, Black American scholars have designed, applied, and promoted conceptual frameworks and research models that propose nuanced understandings of psychological development. This article highlights examples of their contributions to understanding the differential impact of diverse contextual and situational factors. Through examinations of the psychological effects of Blackness on the development of cognition, competence, identity, and social functioning, Black psychologists outline pathways and provide tools for ecological culturally rooted methodologies. These multidisciplinary approaches run in contrast to dominant trends in the field and thus broaden developmental science's reach and influence. In the 1950s, developmental research by Black psychologists was instrumental to the fight for civil rights. Today, it continues to provide a basis for advancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Derechos Civiles , Cultura , Diversidad, Equidad e Inclusión , Modelos Psicológicos , Justicia Social , Humanos , Negro o Afroamericano/educación , Negro o Afroamericano/historia , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Población Negra/educación , Población Negra/historia , Población Negra/psicología , Derechos Civiles/historia , Derechos Civiles/psicología , Cognición , Estudios Interdisciplinarios , Diversidad Cultural , Justicia Social/educación , Justicia Social/historia , Justicia Social/psicología , Estados Unidos , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXIAsunto(s)
Derechos Civiles/psicología , Criminales/psicología , Justicia Social/psicología , Servicio Social/métodos , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano/historia , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Derechos Civiles/historia , Criminales/historia , Criminales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Justicia Social/historia , Justicia Social/legislación & jurisprudencia , Servicio Social/ética , Servicio Social/historia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Ernest Everett Just is celebrated for his contributions to cell biology. Among other firsts, he was first to describe the "wave of negativity" spreading around an egg cell from the entrance point of the fertilizing spermatozoon. His accomplishments in biology are celebrated in Black Apollo of Science (1983) by Kenneth Manning, and by a 1996 Black Heritage postage stamp. What is not yet widely appreciated, however, is that Just connected evolutionary biology to ethical behavior (1933, 1939, 1940). He was probably the first cell biologist to argue that human ethical behavior evolved from our very most primitive cellular origins. Today, Just's contributions to evolutionary bioethics, including "the law of environmental dependence," can be better appreciated because his unpublished booklength manuscript, "The Origin of Man's Ethical Behavior" has been preserved at Howard University's Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.
Asunto(s)
Bioética/historia , Evolución Biológica , Biología Celular/historia , Biología Celular/educación , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Justicia Social/historia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The APA Awards for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology recognize psychologists who have demonstrated excellence early in their careers and have held a doctoral degree for no more than 9 years. The 2019 award winner is lore m. dickey. dickey "is a champion of social justice advocacy and a distinguished scholar for gender diversity issues. He has been an activist and leader in the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students; the American Psychological Association Division 17, Society of Counseling Psychology; and Division 44, Society for the Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, as well as local communities. He has served on numerous committees and task forces that address transgender issues in psychology, such as cochairing APA's task force on practice guidelines with transgender persons." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Distinciones y Premios , Psicología/historia , Justicia Social/historia , Sociedades Científicas , Personas Transgénero , Historia del Siglo XXI , HumanosRESUMEN
Gerald Grob's work in the history of psychiatry over the course of almost fifty years created a model for how historians might successfully situate mental health in its social and political context, and how inseparable it was from this context. Over the last twenty years, the field has grown tremendously. Historians have incorporated categories of analysis like gender and race, methodologies like cultural history and intellectual history, and sought to continue Grob's quest to understand American mental health history as a critical component of American history writ large. In this piece, we suggest several potential areas for future study. Building on Grob's work on the asylum, we focus on the continued need to explore the texture of lived experience for both practitioners and those experiencing mental illness, both within and beyond the institution. In an era when the politics of deinstitutionalization continue to shape the modern mental health enterprise, we suggest that further examination of the consequences of deinstitutionalization is both inherently rich and relevant to contemporary mental health practice. Finally, we discuss opportunities for historians to engage with policymaking and social justice, pointing to incarceration and juvenile justice as two especially relevant areas for further study.
Asunto(s)
Política de Salud/historia , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/historia , Servicios de Salud Mental/historia , Psiquiatría/historia , Justicia Social/historia , Adulto , Historiografía , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Justice can be approached from many angles in ethical and political debates, including those involving healthcare, biomedical research, and well-being. The main doctrines of justice are liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism, luck egalitarianism, socialism, utilitarianism, capability approach, communitarianism, and care ethics. These can be further elaborated in the light of traditional moral and social theories, values, ideals, and interests, and there are distinct dimensions of justice that are captured better by some tactics than by others. In this article, questions surrounding these matters are approached with the hermeneutic idea of a distinction between "American" and "European" ways of thinking.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/ética , Justicia Social , Discusiones Bioéticas/historia , Teoría Ética/historia , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Filosofía/historia , Justicia Social/ética , Justicia Social/historia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Modern work life is characterized by constant change, reorganizations, and requirements of efficiency, which make the distribution of resources and obligations, as well as justice in decisionmaking, highly important. In the work life context, it is a question not only of distributing resources and obligations, but also of the procedures and rules that guide the decisionmaking in the organization. Studies of these rules and procedures have provided the basis for a new line of research that evaluates leadership and social relationships in working communities; that is, distributive, procedural, and relational justice. This review follows the development of research on organizational justice from its origins in early social and motivational psychological theories to its establishment as a major line of research in modern work and organizational psychology. The adverse consequences of injustice include poor team climate, reduced productivity and well-being, and work-related illnesses.
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Justicia Social , Lugar de Trabajo/organización & administración , Historia del Siglo XX , Liderazgo , Investigación , Justicia Social/historia , Lugar de Trabajo/historiaRESUMEN
As computer historians extend the bounds of what constitutes computer history, they must also take care not to write histories that overstate the importance of these technologies. "Decentering" the computer in computer history provides a way for historians to study the role of computers in more domains without exaggerating their importance. Here I illustrate how the use of a computer system for forensic identification formed part of Chile's complicated history of truth, justice, and reconciliation in the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship. While computers are not, and should not be, the central focus of how we understand processes of truth and reconciliation in history, in this case they illuminate the dynamics of how those working within the Chilean government, including its justice system, have approached Chile's history of human rights abuses.