RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lysimachia christinae Hance (LCH) is a traditional medicine used to treat gallstone disease and cholecystitis. Despite its known anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects, its quality has not been extensively evaluated. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to establish a reliable quality evaluation method for LCH via fingerprint, spectrum-effect relationship, and quantitative analyses of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS). METHODS: First, the fingerprints and anti-inflammatory and choleretic activities of 14 LCH batches were determined. Then, the gray relation analysis method was used to analyze the peak areas of the fingerprint profile and pharmacodynamic data. Subsequently, the characteristic peaks were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Finally, rutin was selected as the internal reference material, and QAMS was used to analyze the LCH components. RESULTS: Pharmacodynamic experiments confirmed that LCH exerted anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects. Moreover, 15 flavonoids related to the anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects of LCH were identified. Notably, relative error percentage between the QAMS and external standard method was less than 5%. CONCLUSION: This study successfully established a comprehensive evaluation method for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of LCH.
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Lysimachia , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis , Lysimachia/química , Control de Calidad , Femenino , RatonesRESUMEN
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered defecation. IBS is associated with several factors, including visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, and gut-brain interaction disorders. Because currently available pharmacological treatments cannot adequately improve symptoms and may cause adverse effects, the use of herbal therapies for managing IBS is increasing. Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica (LV) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhea. However, information on whether LV can effectively improve diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) remains limited. In this study, using an experimental mouse model of IBS-D, we elucidated the effects of the LV extract. The methanol extract of LV decreased fecal pellet output in the restraint stress- or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced IBS mouse model and inhibited 5-HT-mediated [Ca2+]i increase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method using two marker compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid and rutin, for quality control analysis. Our study results suggest the feasibility of the methanol extract of LV for developing therapeutic agents to treat IBS-D by acting as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
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Encefalopatías , Síndrome del Colon Irritable , Animales , Ratones , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/tratamiento farmacológico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Lysimachia , Metanol , Serotonina , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Phytochemical investigation on aerial parts of Lysimachia atropurpurea L. (Myrsinaceae), guided by NMR methods, resulted in the isolation and characterization of three previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins named stralysaponins A-C along with five known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. Stralysaponins A-C were categorized into 13ß-28-epoxyoleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, reaffirming their prevalent presence of this type in the Myrsinaceae family and the genus Lysimachia. The identified derivatives share a common four-unit branched sugar chain, with rhamnose as the terminal sugar linked at C-3 of the aglycone. The presence of triterpenoid saponins in L. atropurpurea is reported herein for the first time. This study enriched the chemical diversity of triterpenoid saponins of the genus Lysimachia. Additionally, it demonstrates the effectiveness of NMR-profiling in isolating previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia spp.
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Lysimachia , Saponinas , Triterpenos , Lysimachia/química , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is commonly prescribed for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. saponins (LCS) are the primary bioactive component. However, its mechanism for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. Increasing evidence suggests a close relationship between CRC, intestinal flora, and host metabolism. Thus, this study aims to investigate the mechanism of LCS amelioration of CRC from the perspective of the gut microbiome and metabolome. As a result, seven gut microbiotas and fourteen plasma metabolites were significantly altered between the control and model groups. Among them, one gut microbiota genera (Monoglobus) and six metabolites (Ureidopropionic acid, Cytosine, L-Proline, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, Cyclic AMP and Suberic acid) showed the most pronounced callback trend after LCS administration. Subsequently, the correlation analysis revealed significant associations between 68 pairs of associated metabolites and gut microbes, with 13 pairs of strongly associated metabolites regulated by the LCS. Taken together, these findings indicate that the amelioration of CRC by LCS is connected to the regulation of intestinal flora and the recasting of metabolic abnormalities. These insights highlight the potential of LCS as a candidate drug for the treatment of CRC.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Primulaceae , Saponinas , Saponinas/farmacología , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ratones , Primulaceae/química , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , LysimachiaRESUMEN
Salt secretion is an important strategy used by the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum to adapt to the coastal intertidal environment. However, the structural, developmental and functional analyses on the leaf salt glands, particularly the salt secretion mechanism, are not well documented. In this study, we investigated the structural, developmental and degenerative characteristics and the salt secretion mechanisms of salt glands to further elucidate the mechanisms of salt tolerance of A. corniculatum. The results showed that the salt gland cells have a large number of mitochondria and vesicles, and plenty of plasmodesmata as well, while chloroplasts were found in the collecting cells. The salt glands developed early and began to differentiate at the leaf primordium stage. We observed and defined three stages of salt gland degradation for the first time in A. corniculatum, where the secretory cells gradually twisted and wrinkled inward and collapsed downward as the salt gland degeneration increased and the intensity of salt gland autofluorescence gradually diminished. In addition, we found that the salt secretion rate of the salt glands increased when the treated concentration of NaCl increased, reaching the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. The salt-secreting capacity of the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis is significantly greater than that of the abaxial epidermis. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicate that SAD2, TTG1, GL2 and RBR1 may be involved in regulating the development of the salt glands of A. corniculatum. Moreover, Na+/H+ antiporter, H+-ATPase, K+ channel and Cl- channel may play important roles in the salt secretion of salt glands. In sum mary, this study strengthens the understanding of the structural, developmental and degenerative patterns of salt glands and salt secretion mechanisms in mangrove recretohalophyte A. corniculatum, providing an important reference for further studies at the molecular level.
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Primulaceae , Glándula de Sal , Ambiente , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Primulaceae/fisiología , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lysimachia L., the second largest genus within the subfamily Myrsinoideae of Primulaceae, comprises approximately 250 species worldwide. China is the species diversity center of Lysimachia, containing approximately 150 species. Despite advances in the backbone phylogeny of Lysimachia, species-level relationships remain poorly understood due to limited genomic information. This study analyzed 50 complete plastomes for 46 Lysimachia species. We aimed to identify the plastome structure features and hypervariable loci of Lysimachia. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships and phylogenetic conflict signals in Lysimachia were examined. RESULTS: These fifty plastomes within Lysimachia had the typical quadripartite structure, with lengths varying from 152,691 to 155,784 bp. Plastome size was positively correlated with IR and intron length. Thirteen highly variable regions in Lysimachia plastomes were identified. Additionally, ndhB, petB and ycf2 were found to be under positive selection. Plastid ML trees and species tree strongly supported that L. maritima as sister to subg. Palladia + subg. Lysimachia (Christinae clade), while the nrDNA ML tree clearly placed L. maritima and subg. Palladia as a sister group. CONCLUSIONS: The structures of these plastomes of Lysimachia were generally conserved, but potential plastid markers and signatures of positive selection were detected. These genomic data provided new insights into the interspecific relationships of Lysimachia, including the cytonuclear discordance of the position of L. maritima, which may be the result of ghost introgression in the past. Our findings have established a basis for further exploration of the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionary history within Lysimachia.
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Genoma de Plastidios , Primulaceae , Primulaceae/genética , Filogenia , Lysimachia , Plastidios/genética , Evolución MolecularRESUMEN
Timing of seed germination is directly related to the survival probability of seedlings. For alpine plants, autumn-dispersal seeds should not germinate immediately because the cold temperature is not conducive to the survival of seedlings. Seed dormancy is a characteristic of the seed that prevents it from germinating after dispersal. Primula florindae is an alpine perennial forb endemic to eastern Tibet, SW China. We hypothesized that primary dormancy and environmental factors prevent seeds of P. florindae to germinate in autumn and allow them to germinate at the first opportunity in spring. We determined how GA3, light, temperature, dry after-ripening (DAR) and cold-wet stratification (CS) treatments affect seed germination by conducting a series of laboratory experiments. Firstly, the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 20, and 200 mg L-1) on germination of freshly shed seeds at alternating temperatures (15/5 and 25/15 °C) were immediately investigated to characterize seed with a physiological dormancy component. Then, the fresh seeds treated with 0, 3, and 6 months of after-ripening (DAR) and cold-wet stratification (CS) were incubated at seven constant (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and two alternating temperatures (5/1, 15/5, and 25/15 °C) at light and dark conditions. Fresh seeds were dormant, which only germinated well (>60%) at 20, 25, and 25/15 °C in light but not at ≤15 °C and to higher percentages in light than in dark. GA3 increased germination percentage of fresh seeds, and DAR or CS treatments increased final germination percentage, germination rate (speed), and widened the temperature range for germination from high to low. Moreover, CS treatments reduced the light requirement for germination. Thus, after dormancy release, seeds germinated over a wide range of constant and alternating temperatures, regardless of light conditions. Our results demonstrated that P. florindae seeds have type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy. Timing of germination should be restricted to early spring, ensuring a sufficient length of the growing season for seedling recruitment. These dormancy/germination characteristics prevent seeds from germinating in autumn when temperatures are low but allow them to germinate after snowmelt in spring.
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Primula , Primulaceae , Germinación/fisiología , Latencia en las Plantas/fisiología , Plantas , Plantones , ChinaRESUMEN
The angiosperm family Primulaceae is morphologically diverse and distributed nearly worldwide. However, phylogenetic uncertainty has obstructed the identification of major morphological and biogeographic transitions within the clade. We used target capture sequencing with the Angiosperms353 probes, taxon-sampling encompassing nearly all genera of the family, tree-based sequence curation, and multiple phylogenetic approaches to investigate the major clades of Primulaceae and their relationship to other Ericales. We generated dated phylogenetic trees and conducted broad-scale biogeographic analyses as well as stochastic character mapping of growth habit. We show that Ardisia, a pantropical genus and the largest in the family, is not monophyletic, with at least 19 smaller genera nested within it. Neotropical members of Ardisia and several smaller genera form a clade, an ancestor of which arrived in the Neotropics and began diversifying about 20 Ma. This Neotropical clade is most closely related to Elingamita and Tapeinosperma, which are most diverse on islands of the Pacific. Both Androsace and Primula are non-monophyletic by the inclusion of smaller genera. Ancestral state reconstructions revealed that there have either been parallel transitions to an herbaceous habit in Primuloideae, Samolus, and at least three lineages of Myrsinoideae, or a common ancestor of nearly all Primulaceae was herbaceous. Our results provide a robust estimate of phylogenetic relationships across Primulaceae and show that a revised classification of Myrsinoideae and several other clades within the family is necessary to render all genera monophyletic.
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Primulaceae , Filogenia , Primulaceae/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN de Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the interactions, location, and influence of flavonoids isolated from aerial parts of Scleranthus perennis (Caryophyllaceae) and Hottonia palustris (Primulaceae) on the properties of model lipid membranes prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC). The tested compounds incorporated into liposomes into the region of the polar heads or at the water/membrane interface of DPPC phospholipids. Spectral effects accompanying the presence of polyphenols revealed their effect on ester carbonyl groups apart from SP8. All polyphenols brought about reorganization of the polar zone of liposomes as it was observed by FTIR technique. Additionally, fluidization effect was noted in the region of symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations of the CH2 and CH3 groups with exception to HZ2 and HZ3. Similarly, in EYPC liposomes, they interacted mainly with the regions of the choline heads of the lipids and had various effects on the carbonyl ester groups with exception to SP8. The region of polar head groups is restructured due to the presence of the additives in liposomes. The outcomes obtained using the NMR technique confirmed the locations of all of the tested compounds in the polar zone and indicated a flavonoid-dependent modifying effect towards lipid membranes. HZ1 and SP8 raised motional freedom in this region whereas opposite effect was revealed for HZ2 and HZ3. In the hydrophobic region restricted mobility was noted. In this report we discuss the mechanism of previously undescribed flavonoids in terms of their actions on membranes.
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Caryophyllaceae , Primulaceae , Liposomas/química , Flavonoides , Fosfolípidos , Componentes Aéreos de las PlantasRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf, known as Zou-ma-tai (in Chinese), is a traditional folk medicine, which was commonly used by Dong, Jing, Li, Maonan, Miao, Mulam, Yao, and Zhuang people. The main use of A. gigantifolia is the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, fractures, osteoproliferation, traumatic injuries, gynecological, and neurological diseases. Current studies have shown that the plant has various bioactive components, especially gigantifolinol, which has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, and neuroprotective activities. However, to date, few reviews have been made to summarize A. gigantifolia's related studies. AIMS OF THE REVIEW: This review aimed to summarize the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, and toxicity of A. gigantifolia, which expect to provide theoretical support for future utilization and highlight the further investigation of this vital plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The information related to A. gigantifolia were collated by surveying the traditional medicine books, ethnomedicinal publications, and searching academic resource databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, Springer Link, Pub Med, Science Direct, CNKI, and CQVIP database. RESULTS: A. gigantifolia has been used as a traditional folk medicine for more than 400 years in China. Different parts of the plant, including the aerial part, root, rhizome, and leaf, are mainly used as herbal medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic injuries, gynecological, etc. Currently, 165 compounds have been identified from the plant, including triterpenes, phenolics, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, and sterols, 137 of which were identified from the rhizome parts. Pharmacological research showed that A. gigantifolia has various bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombus, anti-tuberculosis, cough expectorant, and neuroprotective activities. Clinical studies have shown that the plant has no toxic side effects. In vivo administration at the maximum dose was not lethal, indicating the plant's safety. CONCLUSION: To date, most bioactive compounds are identified from the rhizomes of A. gigantifolia, which pharmacological activity and clinical observational studies have validated the plant's traditional use as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. It would be helpful to verify the mechanism of some components in vivo, such as gigantifolinol. Moreover, the plant's triterpenoid saponins demonstrated valid anti-tumor effects, especially the AG4 and AG36 compounds, which were shown to have anti-breast cancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. Further research on these components, including molecular mechanisms and in vivo metabolic regulation, needs to be confirmed.
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Ardisia , Primulaceae , Humanos , Etnobotánica , Fitoterapia , Etnofarmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Human activities and environment changes have changed river estuary ecosystems, which impacts element changes in coastal sediments and mangroves. Mangrove propagule chemical traits showed a systematic shift along environmental gradients. But knowledge about how the pattern of multi-element variability is coordinated in propagule remains limited, and the conservation of macro and trace elements in propagules is also unknown. In this study, the concentrations, variability and coordinated pattern variation of 13 elements in Aegiceras corniculatum propagule across shrimp aquaculture effluent habitats, as well as the relationship between propagule element and environment factors were explored. We used CV to quantify the variability of each element, and then explore the pattern of multi-element variability. The results showed that: (1) in the habitats affected by shrimp aquaculture, the elements content shows: C > K > Cl > N > Na > P > S > Mg > Ca > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu, and the coefficient variation shows: Mn > Cu > Fe > Zn > S > N > P > Cl > Na > K > Mg > Ca > C, which means that the element concentration are negatively correlated with the element variability and the variability of macro-elements was more conservative than micro-elements in these habitats; (2) pH, OM, C:P, and SiO32- were the four important environmental factors explaining the A. corniculatum propagule variation. In conclusion, effluent from shrimp aquaculture does affect the coordinated pattern of multiple element variability in A. corniculatum propagules. These results provide a strong evidence for assessing the impact of shrimp aquaculture effluent discharges on mangrove and provide an important theoretical basis for mangrove conservation and restoration.
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Ecosistema , Primulaceae , Animales , Acuicultura , Crustáceos , EstuariosRESUMEN
Hybridization is a key mechanism involved in lineage diversification and speciation, especially in ecosystems that experienced repeated environmental oscillations. Recently radiated plant groups, which have evolved in mountain ecosystems impacted by historical climate change provide an excellent model system for studying the impact of gene flow on speciation. We combined organellar (whole-plastome) and nuclear genomic data (RAD-seq) with a cytogenetic approach (rDNA FISH) to investigate the effects of hybridization and introgression on evolution and speciation in the genus Soldanella (snowbells, Primulaceae). Pervasive introgression has already occurred among ancestral lineages of snowbells and has persisted throughout the entire evolutionary history of the genus, regardless of the ecology, cytotype, or distribution range size of the affected species. The highest extent of introgression has been detected in the Carpathian species, which is also reflected in their extensive karyotype variation. Introgression occurred even between species with dysploid and euploid cytotypes, which were considered to be reproductively isolated. The magnitude of introgression detected in snowbells is unprecedented in other mountain genera of the European Alpine System investigated hitherto. Our study stresses the prominent evolutionary role of hybridization in facilitating speciation and diversification on the one hand, but also enriching previously isolated genetic pools. [chloroplast capture; diversification; dysploidy; European Alpine system; introgression; nuclear-cytoplasmic discordance; ribosomal DNA.].
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Ecosistema , Primulaceae , Filogenia , Primulaceae/genética , Ecología , Genoma , ADN RibosómicoRESUMEN
The genus Cyclamen is native to Turkey, where it is represented by 12 perennial tuberous geophytic taxa. In this study, a detailed anatomical description of all Cyclamen taxa found in Turkey is provided for the first time. Tuber, root, petiole, and leaf cross-sections were stained with Astra blue and safranin, and tuber slides were also stained with sartur. Tubers of these taxa used by local people as a treatment for infertility were separately investigated. Stomatal index values and epidermis cell features of the studied taxa were measured. Indumentum features of the leaves were described for the first time. Petiole and leaf anatomy and particularly stomatal density, size, and index, provided valuable evidence for species identification. Although the anatomical features of these taxa are not sufficient as diagnostic characters, they can be used together with morphological features.
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Cyclamen , Primulaceae , Humanos , Turquía , Hojas de la Planta/anatomía & histología , TricomasRESUMEN
The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the endemic Lysimachia baviensis were investigated for the first time in this study. A phytochemical fractionation of the methanol extract of L. baviensis resulted in the isolation of a new stilbene (bavienside A, 1) and two new chalcone glycosides (baviensides B and C, 2 and 3). Their structures were elucidated via the interpretation of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 values of 6.23, 2.86 and 3.51 µM, respectively. The C-acetylstilbene and carbomethyl chalcone structures in compound 1 and 3 were found for the first time from natural source and could be important markers for chemotaxonomy of Lysimachia baviensis.
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Chalconas , Estilbenos , Chalconas/química , Chalconas/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/farmacología , Lysimachia , Glicósidos/química , Primulaceae/química , Óxido Nítrico/químicaRESUMEN
Hottonia palustris L. is from the genus Hottonia (Primulaceae), and the understanding of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, the use of chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of a further eleven compounds, including three new flavonoids: 2',5-dihydroxyflavone 2'-O-ß-glucopyranoside, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone 6-O-(6"-O-glucopyranosyl)-ß-glucopyranoside (hottonioside A), and 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-(2"-O-ß-glucuronide)-ß-glucopyranoside. Their structures were determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR data and mass spectrometry (HRMS). The qualitative assessment of the chemical composition of the investigated extracts and fractions was performed using the LC-HRMS technique. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of extracts, fractions, and compounds and their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase were also evaluated. Thus, we may conclude that the observed biological effects are the result of the presence of many biologically active compounds, of which dibenzoylmethane is the most active. Therefore, H. palustris is a source of substances with desirable properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Flavonoides , Primulaceae , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Acetilcolinesterasa , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
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Antiinfecciosos , Myrsine , Aceites Volátiles , Primulaceae , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Fitoquímicos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Whole-genome sequencing and genome mining are recently considered an efficient approach to shine more light on the underlying secondary metabolites of Streptomyces. The present study unearths the biosynthetic potential of endophytic SX6 as a promising source of biologically active substances and plant-derived compounds for the first time. Out of 38 isolates associated with Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, Streptomyces parvulus SX6 was highly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 9027™ and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) ATCC® 35984™. Additionally, S. parvulus SX6 culture extract showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep3B, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines at a concentration of 30 µg/ml, but not in non-cancerous HEK-293 cells. The genome contained 7.69 Mb in size with an average G + C content of 72.8% and consisted of 6,779 protein-coding genes. AntiSMASH analysis resulted in the identification of 29 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Among them, 4 BGCs showed low similarity (28-67% of genes show similarity) to actinomycin, streptovaricin, and polyoxypeptin gene clusters, possibly attributed to antibacterial and anticancer activities observed. In addition, the complete biosynthetic pathways of plant-derived compounds, including daidzein and genistein were identified using genome mining and HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. These findings portray an exciting avenue for future characterization of promising secondary metabolites from mangrove endophytic S. parvulus.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Primulaceae , Streptomyces , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Dactinomicina/metabolismo , Genisteína/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Fitoquímicos , Primulaceae/metabolismo , Estreptovaricina/metabolismoRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CMS5P-6T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Aegiceras corniculatum collected from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China, and investigated by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Strain CMS5P-6T was found to grow optimally with 0-1â% (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and pH 6.0-7.0. Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CMS5P-6T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.7â% to Hephaestia caeni DSM 25527T and Sphingomonas colocasiea CC-MHH0539T. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CMS5P-6T and H. caeni DSM 25527T were 78.0, 21.7 and 70.8â%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CMS5P-6T and S. colocasiea JCM 31229T were 74.0, 19.9 and 61.4â%, respectively. Phylogenomic analyses based on genome sequences showed that strain CMS5P-6T and H. caeni DSM 25527T formed a distinct cluster within the family Sphingomonadaceae and far away from S. colocasiea JCM 31229T. The DNA G+C content of strain CMS5P-6T was determined to be 65.6âmol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and ubiquinone Q-10 was identified as the respiratory lipoquinone. The polar lipids were found to comprise diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid and two unidentified aminolipids, and the major fatty acids were identified as C18â:â1 ω7c, C19â:â0 cycloω8c and C16â:â0. On the basis of phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain CMS5P-6T can be concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Hephaestia, for which the name Hephaestia mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMS5P-6T (=JCM 33125T=CGMCC 1.13868T).
Asunto(s)
Primulaceae , Sphingomonadaceae , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Composición de Base , Peptidoglicano/química , Ácido Diaminopimélico/química , Filogenia , Fosfatidiletanolaminas , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ubiquinona/química , Cloruro de Sodio , Cardiolipinas , Ácidos Grasos/química , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Fosfolípidos/química , China , Primulaceae/microbiología , Sphingomonadaceae/genética , Fosfatidilcolinas , Nucleótidos , GlicoesfingolípidosRESUMEN
The changes in plant life behaviors and water status are accompanied by electrophysiological activities. In this study, the theoretical relationship between clamping force (CF) and leaf resistance (R), capacitive reactance (XC), inductive reactance (XL), impedance (Z), and capacitance (C) were exposed as 3-parameter exponential decay and linear models based on bioenergetics, respectively, for mangrove species. The intracellular water metabolism parameters and salt transport characteristics were also determined based on mechanical equations with influences of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and rewatering (RW). The results show that the inherent capacitance and effective thickness could better represent Aegiceras corniculatum (A. corniculatum) species, and inherent resistance and impedance show obvious effects on Kandelia obovate (K. obovate) species at different salt levels. SNP application shows positive effect on different salt-resistance capacities of A. corniculatum, while K. obovate perform better in RW phase at high salt level. These outcomes indicates that K. obovate is more salt-resistant because RW process is consistent with actual situation, and response of A. corniculatum at high salt stress is irreversible, even in RW. It is concluded that the electrophysiological parameters could be used for the determination of salt-resistant capacities, which gave more enhanced and reliable information of mangroves' life activities.
Asunto(s)
Primulaceae , Rhizophoraceae , Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Primulaceae/fisiología , Rhizophoraceae/fisiología , Estrés Salino , AguaRESUMEN
The genus Primula (Primulaceae) comprises more than 500 species, with 300 species distributed in China. The contradictory results between systematic analyses and morphology-based taxonomy make taxonomy studies difficult. Furthermore, frequent introgression between closely related species of Primula can result in non-monophyletic species. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of sixteen Primula obconica subsp. obconica individuals were assembled and compared with 84 accessions of 74 species from 21 sections of the 24 sections of the genus in China. The plastome sizes of P. obconica subsp. obconica range from 153,584 bp to 154,028 bp. Genome-wide variations were detected, and 1915 high-quality SNPs and 346 InDels were found. Most SNPs were detected in downstream and upstream gene regions (45.549% and 41.91%). Two cultivated accessions, ZP1 and ZP2, were abundant with SSRs. Moreover, 12 SSRs shared by 9 accessions showed variations that may be used as molecular markers for population genetic studies. The phylogenetic tree showed that P. obconica subsp. obconica cluster into two independent clades. Two subspecies have highly recognizable morphological characteristics, isolated geographical distribution areas, and distinct phylogenetic relationships compared with P. obconica subsp. obconica. We elevate the two subspecies of P. obconica to separate species. Our phylogenetic tree is largely inconsistent with morphology-based taxonomy. Twenty-one sections of Primula were mainly divided into three clades. The monophyly of Sect. Auganthus, Sect. Minutissimae, Sect. Sikkimensis, Sect. Petiolares, and Sect. Ranunculoides are well supported in the phylogenetic tree. The Sect. Obconicolisteri, Sect. Monocarpicae, Sect. Carolinella, Sect. Cortusoides, Sect. Aleuritia, Sect. Denticulata, Sect. Proliferae Pax, and Sect. Crystallophlomis are not a monophyletic group. The possible explanations for non-monophyly may be hybridization, polyploidization, recent introgression, incorrect taxonomy, or chloroplast capture. Multiple genomic data and population genetic studies are therefore needed to reveal the evolutionary history of Primula. Our results provided valuable information for intraspecific variation and phylogenetic relationships within Primula.