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1.
Respir Res ; 25(1): 331, 2024 Sep 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39243031

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Over the past three decades, our understanding of sleep apnea in women has advanced, revealing disparities in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment compared to men. However, no real-life study to date has explored the relationship between mask-related side effects (MRSEs) and gender in the context of long-term CPAP. METHODS: The InterfaceVent-CPAP study is a prospective real-life cross-sectional study conducted in an apneic adult cohort undergoing at least 3 months of CPAP with unrestricted mask-access (34 different masks, no gender specific mask series). MRSE were assessed by the patient using visual analog scales (VAS). CPAP-non-adherence was defined as a mean CPAP-usage of less than 4 h per day. The primary objective of this ancillary study was to investigate the impact of gender on the prevalence of MRSEs reported by the patient. Secondary analyses assessed the impact of MRSEs on CPAP-usage and CPAP-non-adherence depending on the gender. RESULTS: A total of 1484 patients treated for a median duration of 4.4 years (IQ25-75: 2.0-9.7) were included in the cohort, with women accounting for 27.8%. The prevalence of patient-reported mask injury, defined as a VAS score ≥ 5 (p = 0.021), was higher in women than in men (9.6% versus 5.3%). For nasal pillow masks, the median MRSE VAS score for dry mouth was higher in women (p = 0.039). For oronasal masks, the median MRSE VAS score for runny nose was higher in men (p = 0.039). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that, for both women and men, dry mouth was independently and negatively associated with CPAP-usage, and positively associated with CPAP-non-adherence. CONCLUSION: In real-life patients treated with long-term CPAP, there are gender differences in patient reported MRSEs. In the context of personalized medicine, these results suggest that the design of future masks should consider these gender differences if masks specifically for women are developed. However, only dry mouth, a side effect not related to mask design, impacts CPAP-usage and non-adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: INTERFACEVENT IS REGISTERED WITH CLINICALTRIALS.GOV (NCT03013283).FIRST REGISTRATION DATE IS 2016-12-23.


Asunto(s)
Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Máscaras , Humanos , Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua/efectos adversos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/terapia , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto , Factores Sexuales , Cooperación del Paciente , Estudios de Cohortes , Caracteres Sexuales
2.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 24(1): 376, 2024 Aug 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39187788

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Warm compresses are the routine treatment for Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in daily life, but in order to achieve satisfactory efficacy, the treatment needs to be sustained over a long time, which can have an impact on the patient compliance. A more convenient warm compresses will help improve the patient compliance. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the disposable eyelid warming masks for treatment of dry eye disease (DED) due to MGD. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, non-masked, two-center clinical trial. One hundred and forty-four patients were treated by the masks or the hot towel twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 4-week and 12-week visits for subjective symptoms, objective signs and safety assessments, including ocular symptom scores, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test (SIT), meibum quality, meibum expressibility, and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: A totle of 134 patients were followed in the study. The mean age of the masks group (14 males and 52 females) and the hot towel group (20 males and 48 females) was 43.7 ± 13.5 years and 39.5 ± 13.9 years, respectively. At 4-week visit, there were significant statistical differences in ocular symptom scores, OSDI and CFS between two groups (P < 0.05). Except for SIT, the treatment group showed a greater improvement in subjective symptoms and objective signs than the control group at 12-week visit. (P < 0.05). In addition, 40 AEs occurred in 27 patients (37.5%) in the treatment group, and 34 AEs occurred in 21 patients (29.17%) in the control group. No serious AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The masks had a good efficacy and safety in the treatment of DED due to MGD, and might offer an attractive treatment option for some patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025443) on August 26, 2019.


Asunto(s)
Síndromes de Ojo Seco , Disfunción de la Glándula de Meibomio , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/terapia , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disfunción de la Glándula de Meibomio/terapia , Adulto , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Glándulas Tarsales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Equipos Desechables , Anciano , Lágrimas/fisiología , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Hipertermia Inducida/instrumentación , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Hipertermia Inducida/efectos adversos
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 16691, 2024 07 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39030436

RESUMEN

Medical devices, such as non-invasive ventilation masks, save lives in health care settings but can be a cause of tissue injuries due to the pressure and shear loads on skin and soft tissue. These pressure injuries could be painful for the individual and cause a significant economic impact on healthcare providers. In the etiology of device related pressure ulcers, inflammation plays an important role. However, the exact nature and timing of inflammatory biomarker upregulation is still unknown in the early stages of skin damage. This study aimed to explore the inflammatory profile of vulnerable skin sites following non-invasive mask application on a convenience sample of eleven hospital patients. Seventy-one inflammatory proteins were explored from sebum sampled at the skin surface after oronasal mask application. A multivariate analysis to investigate differences between loaded and control site was conducted, with a protein network analysis used to explore interactions in the early inflammation. The study revealed that 21 cytokines and chemokines were important for the separation between loaded and control site. These proteins were associated with remodeling of tissue, vascular wound healing and/or cell death.


Asunto(s)
Máscaras , Piel , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Proyectos Piloto , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Adulto , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Anciano , Biomarcadores , Úlcera por Presión/etiología , Cicatrización de Heridas
5.
Am J Med ; 137(11): 1128-1135.e4, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38925495

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In certain situations, masks are worn during sleep to prevent respiratory infections. However, the effects of mask wearing on cardiopulmonary function during sleep are unknown. This study aimed to determine whether wearing masks during sleep has an impact on cardiopulmonary function, including in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized crossover-controlled trial. The effects of wearing surgical masks or N95 respirators on cardiopulmonary function were measured in healthy subjects and patients with mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep breathing parameters were monitored during nocturnal sleep using a sleep monitor, and subjective feelings about mask wearing were assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Wearing masks during sleep at night did not significantly impact sleep breathing parameters. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in heart rate, blood oxygenation, and blood pressure before and after wearing masks. However, wearing masks, especially the N95 mask, had an adverse impact on sleep quality, and masks were found to be subjectively uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: Wearing masks during sleep at night does not adversely affect cardiopulmonary function but they can be uncomfortable, especially the N95 mask. Thus, in circumstances where wearing N95 masks during nocturnal sleep proves intolerable, we recommend the use of surgical masks as a more comfortable alternative.


Asunto(s)
Estudios Cruzados , Máscaras , Respiradores N95 , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Masculino , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Respiradores N95/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología
6.
Int Wound J ; 21(6): e14909, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38826030

RESUMEN

Noninvasive ventilation interfaces are one of the main factors contributing to pressure injuries caused by medical devices. Prevention is still the best course of action when discussing noninvasive ventilation-induced pressure injuries. A systematic review was designed to summarize and analyse all published literature on strategies to prevent pressure injuries caused by masks in patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation. The protocol of the systematic review followed the PRISMA guideline. An extensive search from the beginning to May 16, 2023, using current articles in databases such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Medical Subject Headings (MESH) were used as follows: "Pressure Injury," "Noninvasive Ventilation," "Prevention," and "Pressure Sore." Any language-published studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool, including evaluation methodologies for all studies. Database searches yielded 2546 articles, which were reduced to 23 that met our criteria after reviewing full texts. A narrative synthesis was conducted. As a result, type of interface (14 studies), dressings (4 studies), adjustment of mask leakage (1 study), humidity (1 study), positioning (1 study), and design of personalized masks (2 studies) seem to be a practical approach to prevent pressure injuries caused by masks in patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation. The results of our study show the effectiveness of preventive methods in reducing the incidence of pressure injuries caused by masks. Given the significant occurrence of pressure injury related to noninvasive ventilation and the crucial role of prevention and treatment, it is imperative to conduct more rigorous studies to ascertain the efficacy of each strategy.


Asunto(s)
Máscaras , Ventilación no Invasiva , Úlcera por Presión , Humanos , Úlcera por Presión/prevención & control , Úlcera por Presión/etiología , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Ventilación no Invasiva/efectos adversos , Ventilación no Invasiva/métodos , Ventilación no Invasiva/instrumentación , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años
7.
J Clin Sleep Med ; 20(9): 1551-1554, 2024 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38881502

RESUMEN

A 71-year-old male with severe obstructive sleep apnea and nasal septal deviation presented to a positive airway pressure (PAP) alternatives clinic due to persistent obstructive events on both continuous PAP and bilevel PAP therapy delivered via oronasal mask. He underwent drug-induced sleep endoscopy with PAP titration to determine the mechanism of oronasal mask failure. A nasal mask was also applied and titrated for comparison. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy with PAP showed tongue base collapse which resolved at low pressure using a nasal mask. Application of an oronasal mask increased minimum therapeutic PAP level. Tightening the mask worsened tongue base collapse, which was not resolved by increasing the PAP level. Following nasal surgery, the patient was able to tolerate nasal continuous PAP at low therapeutic pressure, which resulted in both objective and self-reported improvement is his obstructive sleep apnea. This case highlights the ability of drug-induced sleep endoscopy with PAP to determine the mechanistic cause of oronasal mask failure. CITATION: Harkins TR, Seay E, Schwartz AR, Thuler E, Dedhia RC. Mechanistic insights from sleep endoscopy related to oronasal mask failures: a case report. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(9):1551-1554.


Asunto(s)
Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Endoscopía , Máscaras , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/terapia , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/métodos , Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua/métodos , Falla de Equipo , Polisomnografía
8.
J Epidemiol Glob Health ; 14(3): 947-961, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38771488

RESUMEN

Whether in the field of medical care, or in people's daily life and health protection, the importance of masks has been paid more and more attention. Acne, the most common complication after wearing masks, which is also called maskne, has been successfully introduced into the common language as a common topic of dermatologist consultations. This study aims to study the changes of microflora in maskne patients and healthy controls before and after wearing masks. In the summer of 2023, we collected a total of 50 samples from 15 maskne patients and 10 healthy controls before and after wearing surgical masks for a long time. 16 S ribosomal DNA sequencing and identification technology with V3-V4 variable region were adopted to explore the microbiome changes caused by mask wearing, analyze the changes in microbial diversity, and make interaction network. LDA effect size analysis was used to identify which bacteria showed significant changes in their relative abundance from phylum to genus. After wearing a mask, the microbiome of the maskne patients changed significantly more than that of the healthy controls, with both α diversity and ß diversity lower than those of maskne patients before wearing masks and those of healthy controls after wearing masks. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that compared with other groups, the network of maskne patients after wearing masks for a long time had the lowest connectivity and complexity, but the highest clustering property, while the opposite was true for healthy controls. Many microbes that are potentially beneficial to the skin decreased significantly after wearing a mask. There was almost no difference in healthy controls before and after wearing a mask.


Asunto(s)
Cara , Máscaras , Microbiota , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Humanos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Máscaras/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisis , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Cara/microbiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Acné Vulgar/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad
9.
PeerJ ; 12: e17368, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38803582

RESUMEN

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, universal mask-wearing became one of the main public health interventions. Because of this, most physical examinations, including lung auscultation, were done while patients were wearing surgical face masks. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mask wearing has an impact on pulmonologist assessment during auscultation of the lungs. Methods: This was a repeated measures crossover design study. Three pulmonologists were instructed to auscultate patients with previously verified prolonged expiration, wheezing, or crackles while patients were wearing or not wearing masks (physician and patients were separated by an opaque barrier). As a measure of pulmonologists' agreement in the assessment of lung sounds, we used Fleiss kappa (K). Results: There was no significant difference in agreement on physician assessment of lung sounds in all three categories (normal lung sound, duration of expiration, and adventitious lung sound) whether the patient was wearing a mask or not, but there were significant differences among pulmonologists when it came to agreement of lung sound assessment. Conclusion: Clinicians and health professionals are safer from respiratory infections when they are wearing masks, and patients should be encouraged to wear masks because our research proved no significant difference in agreement on pulmonologists' assessment of auscultated lung sounds whether or not patients wore masks.


Asunto(s)
Auscultación , COVID-19 , Estudios Cruzados , Máscaras , Ruidos Respiratorios , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Auscultación/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumólogos , Anciano
11.
Physiol Rep ; 12(10): e16036, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38757255

RESUMEN

In the past few years, the face mask has been recommended for the prevention of exposing others to COVID-19. Wearing a face mask may have the potential to increase dyspnea and discomfort during exercise; however, controversy exists on whether wearing face masks during exercise affects exercise performance, perception, and mood in runners. We investigated the physiological and perceptual responses of healthy male adults who had experienced long-distance running while exercising at different intensities. Nine healthy young adults who were long-distance runners wearing surgical face mask conducted an incremental treadmill protocol. The protocol was three 6-min stages (20%, 40%, and 60% of maximal heart rate, respectively). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the feeling scale (FS) were measured. RPE was higher in mask condition than in unmask condition (No mask vs. Face mask, light; 8.22 vs. 8.78, p = 0.615, middle; 10.00 vs. 10.78, p = 0.345, high; 12.33 vs. 13.67, p = 0.044.), while FS was not different between conditions. The present study shows that wearing a mask may increase rating of perceived exertion and discomfort when the exercise intensity exceeds a certain threshold in healthy male adults who have experienced long-distance running.


Asunto(s)
Afecto , COVID-19 , Máscaras , Carrera , Humanos , Masculino , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Carrera/fisiología , Afecto/fisiología , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto , COVID-19/prevención & control , Adulto Joven , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Percepción/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , SARS-CoV-2
12.
Narra J ; 4(1): e574, 2024 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38798847

RESUMEN

Respiratory droplets, naturally produced during expiration, can transmit pathogens from infected individuals. Wearing a face mask is crucial to prevent such transmission, yet the perception of dyspnea and uncomfortable breathing remains a common concern, particularly during epidemics. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of face mask use on the perception of dyspnea, cardiopulmonary parameters, and facial temperature during physical activity. A randomized crossover study was conducted on healthy adults at a physiology laboratory located in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, in November 2022. Participants underwent five stages of physical exercise tests based on the Bruce Protocol under three conditions: without any face mask (control), wearing a surgical mask, and an N95 mask, forming the study's main groups. Dyspnea perception (measured by the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale), cardiopulmonary parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) and facial temperature were measured before the exercise test (pre-workout), at the end of stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and after the whole exercise test (post-workout). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted, considering two factors: the type of mask (control, surgical mask, N95 mask) and the various stages of the exercise test. A total of 36 healthy adults were included in the study. We found that dyspnea perception was much worse in the N95 mask group, particularly during vigorous exercise. There was no significant difference between groups in cardiopulmonary parameters. However, participants wearing N95 had a greater supralabial temperature than those wearing surgical masks or no mask at all. It is recommended to undertake a more in-depth evaluation of cardiopulmonary physiological measures.


Asunto(s)
Estudios Cruzados , Disnea , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Máscaras , Humanos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Disnea/prevención & control , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Temperatura Corporal , Indonesia , Voluntarios Sanos , Percepción , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Frecuencia Respiratoria/fisiología
13.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 47(6): 104170, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38569271

RESUMEN

Universal mask wear is an effective public health intervention to reduce SARS-Cov-2 transmission, especially in enclosed public spaces and healthcare environments. Concerns have been raised about possible transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 through ocular secretions, leading to enhanced protective measures during ophthalmic procedures. However, there is some evidence for air jets from the upper edge of the surgical mask to the ocular surface, especially when the mask is not well fit. Prolonged airflow towards the ocular surface during expiration may alter tear-film stability, leading to hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. This also raises the question of whether the ocular surface is contaminated with oral flora from airflow directed toward the eyes, thus increasing the risk of ocular infection. Herein we review the impact of patient face mask wear on the ocular surface, eyelids and risk of ocular infection, particularly during ocular surgery. There is some evidence for increased incidence of dry eye or eyelid disease during periods of mandatory face mask wear. While high daily exposure is consistent with a direct association, this should be mitigated by various cofounding factors which could also affect the ocular health during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increased risk of post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis, possibly due to face mask wear by the patient, including culture-positive endophthalmitis, has been reported in one retrospective study. Several measures have been shown to prevent or limit the risk of developing dry eye disease or exacerbation, eyelid cyst, and ocular infection during intravitreal injections.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Máscaras , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/transmisión , COVID-19/epidemiología , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/epidemiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Endoftalmitis/epidemiología , Endoftalmitis/prevención & control , Endoftalmitis/etiología
14.
J Breath Res ; 18(3)2024 05 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38631331

RESUMEN

During the COVID-19 pandemic wearing face masks was mandatory. Nowadays, face masks are still encouraged indoors, especially in hospitals. People climbing stairs with masks describe unpredictable dyspnea. In this study, healthy adults climbed 5 floors with and without a mask. Various cardio-respiratory parameters were measured, including O2-saturation (O2-Sat) and end-tidal CO2(EtCO2), at baseline and on the top floor. Subjective indexes, such as Borg's scale, were evaluated. Thirty-two volunteers (16 males), median age 39 years (IQR 32.5-43), median BMI = 23.6 (IQR 21.5-25.1), with good fitness levels, participated. Comparing baseline to end-activity, median (IQR): O2-Sat change was -1.0% (-2-0) without mask, versus -3.0% (-4-0) with mask,p= 0.003; EtCO2+ 7.0 (+3.3-+9) without mask, versus +8.0 (+6-+12) with mask,p= 0.0001. Hypercarbia was seen in 5 (15.6%) participants without mask, median = 48 mmHg (IQR 47.5-51), and in 11 (34%) participants with mask, median = 50 mmHg (IQR 47-54),p< 0.001. Desaturation (O2-Sat < 95%) was seen in 5 (15.6%) participants without mask, median = 94% (IQR 93%-94%), and in 10 (31%) participants with mask, median = 91.5% (IQR 90%-93%),p= 0.06. Regression analysis demonstrated that only male sex was significantly associated with abnormal EtCO2(OR = 26.4, 95% CI = 1.9-366.4,p= 0.005). Ascent duration increased from median (IQR) of 94 s (86-100) without mask to 98 s (89-107) with mask,p< 0.001. Borg's scale of perceived exertion (range 0-10) increased from median (IQR) of 3.0 (2.5-3.87) without mask to 4.0 (3.0-4.37) with mask,p< 0.001. To conclude, during routine daily activities, such as stair-climbing, face masks cause dyspnea, and have measurable influences on ventilation, including true desaturation and hypercapnia, especially in males.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Máscaras , Humanos , Masculino , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Máscaras/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Adulto , COVID-19/prevención & control , Disnea/fisiopatología , Disnea/etiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Saturación de Oxígeno
16.
Acta Otolaryngol ; 144(2): 142-146, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469861

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The effect of wearing masks on olfaction remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the differences between the effects of no masks, surgical masks, and N95 respirator masks by conducting both identification and threshold olfaction tests. METHODS: Young, healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years and < 30 years without awareness of apparent olfactory disorder were included. All participants filled out a questionnaire on olfaction and completed an acuity smell identification test (Open Essence test) and an olfactory threshold test (T&T olfactometry) while wearing no masks, surgical masks, or N95 respirator masks. RESULTS: In the Open Essence tests, the no-mask group score was significantly higher than those of the surgical- and N95-mask groups. Using T&T olfactometry, the median-detection threshold of the no-mask group was significantly lower than that of the surgical-mask group, and the surgical-mask group threshold was significantly lower than that of the N95-mask group. Similar patterns were observed for the median-recognition threshold. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing masks, especially an N95 mask, reduces the ability to detect and identify odors. This disadvantage should be considered by professionals such as healthcare workers, who require proper olfaction to perform appropriate tasks.


Asunto(s)
Máscaras , Odorantes , Olfato , Humanos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Olfato/fisiología , Respiradores N95/efectos adversos , Umbral Sensorial/fisiología , Adolescente , Voluntarios Sanos
17.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 18(2): 211-218, 2024 Feb 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484354

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most healthcare workers (HCWs) were required to wear face masks for long periods of time. Since then, it has been shown that face masks have the potential to cause several physical adverse effects. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of face mask-related complications among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, we compared the relationship between face mask usage with other variables, including the type of mask used and gender. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling, with a targeted sample of 517 participants (35% nonresponse). Data was collected via an electronic survey, the link for which was distributed through social media sites, such as WhatsApp and Twitter, to reach HCWs across Saudi Arabia. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Overall, 438 HCWs who wore N95 or surgical masks for 4 hours or more per day on average were recruited. Skin-related complications in the nasal area had the highest prevalence (342, 78.1%), followed by behind the ear area (333, 76.0%), cheeks (307, 70.1%), and chin (248, 56.6%). Other complications included headaches (226, 51.6%), and eye-related complications (211, 48.2%). All face mask-related complications, except for behind the ear skin complications, were more associated with female gender. CONCLUSIONS: Mask usage was significantly associated with the development of headaches, and eye, and skin-related complications. Female HCWs were more predisposed to these complications. Preventative measures and awareness activities should be considered to help reduce mask use related complications.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , Femenino , COVID-19/complicaciones , Pandemias , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Estudios Transversales , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Cefalea/epidemiología , Cefalea/etiología , Personal de Salud
18.
J Cosmet Dermatol ; 23(6): 2097-2102, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400600

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Prolonged use of medical masks has increased skin-related issues. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a facial cream and facial mask in mitigating medical mask related skin symptoms. METHODS: Healthy women were randomly assigned to apply a facial cream (n = 32) or a facial mask plus a facial cream (n = 32) on half-faces after wearing medical masks for 4 h (Tb). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dryness score, and redness area were assessed at Tb and 10 min after using the cream (T1) in the facial cream group, and at Tb, 1 h after using the facial mask (T2), and 10 min after using the cream (T3) in the combined use group. RESULTS: In the facial cream group, the treated half-face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T1 in TEWL (-2.95 ± 0.38 vs. -0.68 ± 0.35 g/h·cm2, p < 0.001) and skin dryness score (-1.00 ± 0.12 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001). In the combined use group, the treated half-face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T2 and T3 in TEWL (T2, -3.46 ± 0.33 vs. -0.09 ± 0.13 g/h·cm2; T3, -4.67 ± 0.31 vs. -0.28 ± 0.22 g/h·cm2) and skin dryness score (T2, -0.63 ± 0.13 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03; T3, -0.94 ± 0.17 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07) (all p < 0.001) then the untreated half-face. The combined use group had significantly lower TEWL at T3 than T2 (p < 0.05). The reduction in redness area was similar between the treated and untreated half-faces in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The test facial cream and mask significantly improved skin barrier function and alleviated dryness symptoms associated with medical mask use, with the combined use offering superior benefits.


Asunto(s)
Máscaras , Crema para la Piel , Pérdida Insensible de Agua , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Crema para la Piel/administración & dosificación , Crema para la Piel/efectos adversos , Pérdida Insensible de Agua/efectos de los fármacos , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Cara , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven , Eritema/etiología , Eritema/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Emolientes/administración & dosificación , Voluntarios Sanos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos
19.
Int Ophthalmol ; 44(1): 59, 2024 Feb 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38345673

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between prolonged face mask use and ocular surface health utilizing conjunctival impression cytology, the Schirmer test, the tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. METHODS: In this cross-sectional prospective study, individuals who used face masks for at least eight hours per day for at least six months were compared to healthy volunteers who used face masks for no more than one hour per day. Each participant completed an OSDI questionnaire. The Schirmer test (under anesthesia), the TBUT test, and conjunctiva impression cytology analysis according to the Nelson classification method were performed on each participant. RESULTS: This study included 102 (49 male, 53 female) face mask users with an average age of 33.29 ± 7.71 years and 110 (60 male, 50 female) healthy controls with an average age of 32.96 ± 7.10 years (p = 0.746). The total OSDI score was significantly higher in face mask users than the control group (25.18 ± 3.54 vs 9.46 ± 2.13, p < 0.001). The mean Schirmer test value and TBUT were significantly lower in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in total score and stage of the Nelson classification system (p < 0.001, and p = 0.024, respectively). All conjunctiva impression cytology assessments, including cellularity, cell-cell contact, nucleus/cytoplasma ratio, goblet cell amount, and metaplasia, revealed statistically significant deterioration in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prolonged use of face masks leads to dry eyes. The findings of conjunctiva impression cytology indicate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mask associated dry eye.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Síndromes de Ojo Seco , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Citología , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Conjuntiva/patología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/epidemiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Lágrimas
20.
J Cosmet Dermatol ; 23(5): 1734-1744, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38332551

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a new normal, necessitating the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like face shields, surgical masks, gloves, and goggles. However, prolonged mask-wearing introduced skin-related issues due to changes in the skin's microenvironment, including increased humidity and temperature, as well as pressure on the skin. These factors led to skin deformation, vascular issues, edema, and inflammation, resulting in discomfort and cosmetic concerns. Clinical reports quickly highlighted the consequences of long-term mask use, including increased cases of "maskne" (mask-related acne) or mask-wearing related disorders such as rosacea flare-ups, skin-barrier defects, itching, erythema, redness, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification. Some of these issues, like inflammation, oxidative stress, and poor wound healing, could be directly linked to acne-related disorders or skin hypoxia. AIM: To address these problems, researchers turned to rutin, a well-known flavonoid with antioxidant, vasoactive, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, rutin's poor water solubility presented a challenge for cosmetic formulations. To overcome this limitation, a highly water-soluble form of rutin was developed, making it suitable for use at higher concentrations. METHODS: In vitro and ex vivo tests were conducted, as well as an innovative clinical trial including volunteers wearing surgical masks for at least 2 h, to evaluate the biological activity of this soluble rutin on the main skin concerns associated with mask-wearing (inflammation, oxidative stress, skin repair, hyperpigmentation, and skin redness). RESULTS: The in vitro results showed that the active ingredient significantly reduced oxidative stress, improved wound healing, and reduced inflammation. In dark skin explants, the active ingredient significantly reduced melanin content, indicating its lightening activity. This effect was confirmed in the clinical study, where brown spots decreased significantly after 4 days of application. Moreover, measurements on volunteers demonstrated a decrease in skin redness and vascularization after the active ingredient application, indicating inflammation and erythema reduction. Volunteers reported improved skin comfort. CONCLUSION: In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic led to various skin issues associated with mask-wearing. A highly soluble form of rutin was developed, which effectively addressed these concerns by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperpigmentation while promoting wound healing. This soluble rutin offers a promising solution for the rapid treatment of maskne-related disorders and other skin problems caused by prolonged mask use.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Máscaras , Rutina , Humanos , Rutina/administración & dosificación , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Solubilidad , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , SARS-CoV-2 , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología
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