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Background and Objectives: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a highly successful intervention. By comparing the lesion changes in prostate parenchymal and striated muscle tissues after RFCA with and without cooling, it was possible to assess the correlation between the shape regularity, area, and perimeter of the thermal lesion, and to predict the geometric shape changes of the lesions. Materials and Methods: A standard prostate and striated muscle RFCA procedure was performed on 13 non-purebred dogs in two sessions: no cooling and cooling with 0.1% NaCl solution. Microtome-cut 2-3 µm sections of tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and further examined. The quotient formula was employed to evaluate the geometric shape of the damage zones at the ablation site. Results: The extent of injury following RFCA in striated muscle tissue was comparable to that in prostate parenchymal tissue. Regression analysis indicated a strong and positive relationship between area and perimeter in all experimental groups. In the experimental groups of parenchymal tissues with and without cooling, an increase in the area or perimeter of the damage zone corresponded to an increase in the quotient value. A similar tendency was observed in the striated muscle group with cooling. However, in the striated muscle group without cooling, an increase in lesion area or perimeter lowered the quotient value. Standardised regression coefficients demonstrated that in the striated muscle with cooling, the damage zone shape was more determined by area than perimeter. However, in the parenchymal tissue, the perimeter had a more substantial impact on the damage zone shape than the area. Conclusions: The damage area and perimeter have predictive power on the overall shape regularity of damage zone geometry in both striated muscles and parenchymal tissue. This approach is employed to achieve a balance between the need for tumour eradication and the minimisation of ablation-induced complications to healthy tissue.
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Ablación por Catéter , Músculo Estriado , Animales , Masculino , Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Ablación por Catéter/efectos adversos , Perros , Tejido Parenquimatoso , Próstata/cirugía , Próstata/patología , Músculo Esquelético/lesionesRESUMEN
Dysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane-associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)-tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation-contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t-tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t-tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Calcio , Disferlina , Humanos , Calcio/metabolismo , Disferlina/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/fisiología , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Proteínas Musculares/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Estriado/metabolismo , Músculo Estriado/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many esophageal striated muscles of mammals are dually innervated by the vagal and enteric nerves. Recently, substance P (SP)-sensory nerve terminals with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were found on a few striated muscle fibers in the rat esophagus, implying that these muscle fibers are triply innervated. In this study, we examined the localization and origin of CGRP-nerve endings in striated muscles to consider their possible roles in the esophagus regarding triple innervation. METHODS: Wholemounts of the rat esophagus were immunolabeled to detect CGRP-nerve endings in striated muscles. Also, retrograde tracing was performed by injecting Fast Blue (FB) into the esophagus, and cryostat sections of the medulla oblongata, nodose ganglion (NG), and the tenth thoracic (T10) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were immunostained to identify the origin of the CGRP-nerve endings. RESULTS: CGRP-fine, varicose nerve endings were localized in motor endplates on a few esophageal striated muscle fibers (4 %), most of which received nitric oxide (NO) synthase nerve terminals, and most of the CGRP nerve endings were SP- and transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)-positive. Retrograde tracing showed many FB-labeled CGRP-neurons positive for SP and TRPV1 in the NG and T10 DGR. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the CGRP-varicose nerve endings containing SP and TRPV1 in motor endplates are sensory, and a few esophageal striated muscle fibers are triply innervated. The nerve endings may detect acetylcholine-derived acetic acid from the vagal motor nerve endings and NO from esophageal intrinsic nerve terminals in the motor endplates to regulate esophageal motility.
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Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina , Esófago , Ganglio Nudoso , Células Receptoras Sensoriales , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/análisis , Esófago/inervación , Esófago/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/metabolismo , Ganglio Nudoso/metabolismo , Placa Motora/metabolismo , Ratas , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Bulbo Raquídeo/metabolismo , Sustancia P/metabolismo , Músculo Estriado/inervación , Músculo Estriado/metabolismo , Nervio Vago/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/metabolismo , AmidinasRESUMEN
SUMMARY: The different embryological origins of striated muscle tissue make it an interesting tissue but at the same time difficult to understand, this is how the musculature of the face comes from the first pharyngeal arch, on the other hand. The muscles of the tongue derive from the somites. The muscles of the larynx come from the pharyngeal arches. The muscles of the spine come from the medial or internal myotome of the somite, while the muscles of the limbs and body wall come from the external myotome. The cardiac musculature originates from the lateral splanchnic mesoderm. In this work, the development of myoblasts in human, mouse and chicken fetuses was studied in the facial region, tongue, and spine, limbs, body wall and cardiac muscles using histological histochemical techniques and immunohistochemical technique. The objective of the work is to compare the histogenesis of striated muscle (skeletal, visceral and cardiac), indicating the differences in origin, evolution of the morphological characteristics in each of them and the signaling routes that are involved in its development.
Los distintos origenes embriológicos del tejido muscular estriado lo hace un tejido interesante, pero a la vez difícil de entender, es así como la musculatura de la cara proviene del primer arco faríngeo, en cambio, la musculatura de la lengua deriva de los somitos. La musculatura de la laringe proviene de los arcos faríngeos. La musculatura de la columna vertebral proviene del miotomo medial o interno del somito, en cambio la musculatura de los miembros y pared del cuerpo proviene del miotomo externo. La musculatura cardiaca se origina del mesoderma lateral esplácnico. En este trabajo se estudió el desarrollo de mioblastos en fetos humanos, de ratón y pollo, en la región facial, lengua, columna vertebral, miembros, pared del cuerpo y musculatura cardíaca mediante técnicas histológicas histoquímicas y técnica inmunohistoquímica. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar la histogénesis del músculo estriado (esquelético, visceral y cardíaco), indicando las diferencias de origen, evolución de las características morfológicas en cada una de ellas y las rutas de señalización que se ven involucradas en el desarrollo del mismo.
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Animales , Desarrollo Embrionario , Músculo Estriado/embriología , PollosRESUMEN
The tunica muscularis of mammalian esophagi is composed of striated muscle and smooth muscle. Contraction of the esophageal striated muscle portion is mainly controlled by cholinergic neurons. On the other hand, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation are controlled not only by cholinergic components but also by non-cholinergic components in the esophagus. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known to regulate smooth muscle contraction and relaxation in the gastrointestinal tract via purinergic receptors. However, the precise mechanism of purinergic regulation in the esophagus is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of ATP on the mechanical responses of the esophageal muscle in mice. An isolated segment of the mouse esophagus was placed in a Magnus's tube and longitudinal mechanical responses were recorded. Exogenous application of ATP induced contractile responses in the esophageal preparations. Tetrodotoxin, a blocker of voltage-dependent sodium channels in neurons and striated muscle, did not affect the ATP-induced contraction. The ATP-evoked contraction was blocked by pretreatment with suramin, a purinergic receptor antagonist. RT-PCR revealed the expression of mRNA of purinergic receptor genes in the mouse esophageal tissue. The findings suggest that purinergic signaling might regulate the motor activity of mouse esophageal smooth muscle.
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Adenosina Trifosfato , Músculo Estriado , Ratones , Animales , Adenosina Trifosfato/farmacología , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Esófago , Músculo Estriado/fisiología , Receptores Purinérgicos , Músculo Liso , MamíferosRESUMEN
Titin, the so-called "third filament" of the sarcomere, represents a difficult challenge for the determination of damaging genetic variants. A single titin molecule extends across half the length of a sarcomere in striated muscle, fulfilling a variety of vital structural and signaling roles, and has been linked to an equally varied range of myopathies, resulting in a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike. While the consequences of truncating variants of titin are well-documented, the ramifications of the missense variants prevalent in the general population are less so. We here present a compendium of titin missense variants-those that result in a single amino-acid substitution in coding regions-reported to be pathogenic and discuss these in light of the nature of titin and the variant position within the sarcomere and their domain, the structural, pathological, and biophysical characteristics that define them, and the methods used for characterization. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and integration of the multiple fields that have contributed to our understanding of titin-related pathology and offer suggestions as to how these concurrent methodologies may aid the further development in our understanding of titin and hopefully extend to other, less well-studied giant proteins. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Músculo Estriado , Sarcómeros , Humanos , Conectina/genética , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Estriado/fisiología , Sarcómeros/genéticaRESUMEN
Schistosomiasis mansoni presents many clinical manifestations during migration of schistosomes in their hosts, including diarrhea, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, liver abscesses, skinlesions, brain tumors and myeloradiculopathy. No lesions have been reported in skeletal striated muscles due to schistosomiasis mansoni in the literature. This short communication reports the histopathological findings on skeletal musculature in a murine model of neuroeschistosomiasis mansoni. Lesions were found in the tongue, masseter muscle, buccinator muscle, digastric muscle and temporalis muscle. Worm recovery was carried out to confirm the infection. We describe here, for the first time in the literature, injuries in the skeletal musculature due to Schistosoma mansoni nfection.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/patología , Neuroesquistosomiasis/patología , Músculo Estriado/parasitología , Músculo Estriado/patología , Granuloma/parasitología , Granuloma/patología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Many treatment modalities are used for muscle tissue recovery. Photobiomodulation is a modality that can be employed to improve the quality of tissue repair. The use of fractal dimension (FD) is an innovative methodology in the quantitative evaluation of treatment efficacy. Objective: Use FD as a quantitative analysis method to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation of 904 nanometers (nm) in the initial phase of the muscle regeneration process. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Injured and Untreated Group (IUT), and Injured and Treated Group (IT). Muscle injury was induced by cryoinjury in the central region of the anterior tibial (AT) belly of the left posterior limb. This was performed by an iron rod that was previously immersed in liquid nitrogen. Applications started 24 hours after the injury and occurred daily for five days. They were performed at two points in the lesion area. The rats were euthanized on the seventh day. The AT muscles were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, the histological sections were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) technique and submitted to FD analysis performed by the box-counting method using ImageJ software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for data normality, and the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were used for group comparison (p<0.05%). Results: Differences between IT and IUT groups were statistically significant, and it was possible to observe the reduction of fractability with p=0.0034. Conclusion: FD is a useful tool for the analysis of skeletal muscle disorganization in the initial phase of regeneration and confirms the potentially beneficial effects of photobiomodulation to this process.
Resumo Introdução: Diversas modalidades de tratamento são utilizadas para recuperação do tecido muscular, dentre elas a fotobiomodulação pode ser empregada para melhorar a qualidade da regeneração e a dimensão fractal se apresenta como uma metodologia inovadora na avaliação quantitativa da eficácia do tratamento. Objetivo: Utilizar a dimensão fractal como método de análise quantitativa do efeito do Laser de Arseneto de Gálio (AsGa) na fase inicial do processo de regeneração muscular. Método: Foram utilizados trinta ratos Wistar, machos divididos em: Grupo Controle (CT), Grupo lesado e não tratado (LNT) e Grupo Lesado e tratado (LT). A lesão muscular foi induzida por criolesão na região central do ventre do músculo tibial anterior (TA) do membro posterior esquerdo, por meio de uma haste de ferro previamente imersa em nitrogênio líquido. As aplicações foram iniciadas 24 horas após a lesão, diariamente, durante cinco dias, em dois pontos na área da lesão. No sétimo dia os animais foram eutanasiados; o músculo TA retirado, congelado em nitrogênio líquido e os cortes histológicos corados com a técnica de Hematoxilina-Eosina para serem então submetidos à análise de dimensão fractal realizada pelo método boxcounting através do software Image J. Para a normalidade dos dados utilizou-se Kolmogorov Smirnov, para as comparações teste de Kruskall-Wallis com pós teste de Dunn (p<0,05%). Resultados: A comparação entre LT e LNT foi estatisticamente significativa, sendo possível observar a redução da fractabilidade com p=0,0034. Conclusão: A dimensão fractal é uma ferramenta útil para análise da desorganização músculo esquelética na fase inicial da regeneração e mostra o potencial efeito benéfico da fotobiomodulação nesse processo.
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Ratas , Regeneración , Músculo Estriado , Terapia por Láser , Heridas Penetrantes , Fractales , Animales de LaboratorioRESUMEN
Avaliou-se a incidência da miopatia White Striping (WS) em três linhagens de frangos de corte machos e suas consequências sobre a composição química e a qualidade física da carne. Para determinação das porcentagens de incidência dos diferentes graus da miopatia WS (normal, moderada e severa) nas linhagens, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com três tratamentos (linhagens A, B e C) e cinco repetições de 300 peitos cada. Para as variáveis químicas e físicas, utilizou-se um DIC em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três linhagens x três níveis de WS), com 15 repetições cada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, em casos de diferenças significativas, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey (P≤0,05). As aves da linhagem A apresentaram 84,81% de peitos classificados como normais e 9,91% de peitos classificados como moderados, valores respectivamente maiores e menores que nas duas demais linhagens. Os peitos classificados com miopatia WS severa foram mais pesados e apresentaram maiores porcentagens de lipídios e umidade, e menor concentração de proteína bruta. As concentrações de colágeno total, termo solúvel e insolúvel variaram com o nível de acometimento por WS nos filés, com comportamento específico para cada linhagem.(AU)
The incidence of the White Striping (WS) myopathy in three male broiler strains and its consequences on the chemical composition and physical quality of the meat was evaluated. A completely randomized design (DIC) with three treatments (strains A, B and C) and five replicates of 300 breasts each were used to determine the incidence rates of the different degrees of WS myopathy (normal, moderate and severe) in each strain. For the chemical and physical variables, a 3 X 3 factorial scheme was used (three strains X three WS levels), with 15 replicates. The data were submitted to ANOVA and in cases of significant differences the Tukey test (P< 0.05) was used.The A strain chickens presented 84.81% of breasts classified as normal and 9.91% of breasts classified as moderate, respectively higher and lower values than in the other two strains. Breasts classified with severe WS myopathy were heavier and had higher percentages of lipids and moisture, and lower concentration of crude protein. However, the concentrations of total, soluble and insoluble collagen had interaction effects between lineage and WS level in the fillets, and therefore, the same behavior was not observed in the samples of the different strains.(AU)
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Animales , Pollos , Colágeno/análisis , Músculo Estriado , Carne/análisis , Enfermedades Musculares/veterinaria , Calidad de los AlimentosRESUMEN
A dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ) é uma doença rara, autoimune, multissistêmica, caracterizada por uma vasculite da pele e do músculo estriado. Em idade pediátrica é a miopatia inflamatória idiopática mais frequente. Este caso consiste numa paciente do sexo feminino, de 11 anos de idade, que recorreu ao médico de família e comunidade (MFC) por erupção maculopapular da superfície dorsal das articulações metacarpo-falângicas e interfalângicas das mãos, eritema da região malar, lesões maculares da superfície extensora dos cotovelos e joelhos e diminuição da força muscular dos membros. O fato do MFC ter estado atento a estas manifestações clínicas e ter referenciado a paciente precocemente para Reumatologia por suspeita de dermatomiosite permitiu uma rápida instituição terapêutica e redução do impacto da doença. Após estabelecimento do diagnóstico, o MFC continua com um papel ativo na identificação de complicações da doença e na avaliação do seu impacto na dinâmica familiar.
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare, multisystem, autoimmune disease, characterized by skin and striated muscle vasculitis. In children is the most frequent idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. This case consists in an 11-year old female patient consulted her Family and Community Physician (FCP) with maculopapular rash of the dorsal surface of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the hands, malar erythema, macular lesions on the extensor surface of the elbows and knees, and reduced muscle strength of the limbs. The fact that the FCP have been aware of these clinical manifestations and made an early referral to Rheumatology for suspected dermatomyositis, allowed a prompt treatment, and a decrease impact of the disease. After making a diagnosis, FCP continues with an active role in the identification of the disease complications and assessing their impact on family dynamics.
La dermatomiositis juvenil (DMJ) es una enfermedad rara, autoinmune, multisistémica, caracterizada por una vasculitis de la piel y del músculo estriado. En los niños es la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática más frecuente. En este caso se presenta una paciente de sexo femenino, de 11 años, que consultó a su médico de familia y de la comunidad (MFC), por tener erupción maculopapular de la superficie dorsal de las articulaciones metacarpofalángicas e interfalángicas de las manos, eritema de la región malar, lesiones maculares de la superficie extensora de los codos y rodillas, y disminución de la fuerza muscular de los miembros. El hecho de que el MFC estaba atento a estas manifestaciones clínicas y de tener prontamente referenciado la paciente a la Reumatología por sospecha de dermatomiositis permitió la rápida institución terapéutica y la reducción del impacto de la enfermedad. Tras establecer este diagnóstico, el MFC continúa con un papel activo en la identificación de las complicaciones de la enfermedad y en la evaluación de su impacto en la dinámica familiar.
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Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Atención Primaria de Salud , Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Enfermedades Raras , Dermatomiositis , Vasculitis , Músculo Estriado , MiositisRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Low intensity laser therapy has proven effective in treating different tissues, reducing inflammation, preventing the formation of fibrous tissue, and promoting muscle regeneration. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low intensity laser therapy, seven days after the injury, and verify whether the radiated energy chosen influences the formation of fibrous tissue. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats, adult male, average body weight 210-340 g were used. The animals were randomized into three groups: control group, untreated injured group (L), and injured and treated group (LT). After anesthetizing the animals, muscle injury was induced by freezing (cryoinjury) in the central region of the tibialis anterior muscle belly (TA) on the left hind limb, through an iron rod previously immersed in liquid nitrogen. A Gallium Arsenide laser, wavelength 904 nm was used. The applications were initiated 24 hours after injury, daily, for five days, at two points in the lesion area. After 7 days, the animals were euthanized; the TA muscle of the left hind limb was removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen and the obtained histological sections were subjected to Sirius Red staining. Results: Histological analysis showed no significant difference in relation to the area of fibrosis in the LT and L groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that the energy density of 69 J/cm² and final energy (4.8 joules) did not promote alterations in the area of collagen in the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix.
Resumo Introdução: A Laserterapia de Baixa Intensidade tem se mostrado eficaz no tratamento de diferentes tecidos, diminuindo o processo inflamatório, prevenindo a formação de tecido fibroso e promovendo a regeneração muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da Laserterapia de Baixa Intensidade, 7 dias após a lesão e verificar se a energia irradiada escolhida tem influência na formação de tecido fibroso. Métodos: Foram utilizados trinta ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, peso corporal médio de 210-340 g. Os animais foram randomizados em três grupos: Grupo Controle, Grupo lesado não tratado (L) e o Grupo lesado e tratado (LT). Após anestesia dos animais, a lesão muscular foi induzida por congelamento (criolesão) na região central do ventre do músculo tibial anterior (TA) do membro posterior esquerdo, por meio de uma haste de ferro previamente imersa em nitrogênio líquido. Foi utilizado o laser de Arseneto de Gálio, comprimento de onda de 904 nanômetros. As aplicações foram iniciadas 24 horas após a lesão, diariamente, durante cinco dias, em dois pontos na área da lesão. Aos 7 dias, os animais foram eutanizados; o músculo TA do membro posterior esquerdo foi retirado e congelado em nitrogênio líquido e os cortes histológicos obtidos foram submetido a coloração Picrosirius Red. Resultados: A análise histológica mostrou que não houve diferença significativa em relação á área da fibrose do LT e Grupo L. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a densidade de energia de 69 J/cm² e energia final (4,8 joules) não promoveu alteração na área do colágeno da matriz extracelular do músculo esquelético.
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Ratas , Fibrosis , Músculo Estriado , Terapia por Láser , Colágeno , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi observar as alterações nas fibras musculares e tecido ósseo de animais submetidos à aplicação do hormônio do crescimento (GH) e realização de um protocolo de treinamento de força (ST). Foram utilizados 40 animais machos, com 60 dias de idade, da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos: controle (C), controle e aplicação de GH (GHC), treinamento de força (T) e treinamento de força com a aplicação de GH (GHT). O protocolo de treinamento físico (TF) foi composto por quatro séries de 10 saltos aquáticos, 3x/semana e sobrecarga de 50% do peso corporal, durante quatro semanas. Foi aplicado GH via intraperitoneal na dosagem de 0,2 UI/Kg para os grupos GHC e GHT e solução fisiológica (0,9% de cloreto de sódio) para o C e T. Após quatros semanas de TF, os animais foram eutanasiados e retiradas amostras do músculo Sóleo, além da tíbia e fêmur. No músculo, foram produzidos cortes histológicos com 5µm de espessura e corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo tetrazólio redutase (NADH-TR). Já no osso, foram medidos os valores de densidade mineral óssea (DMO), resistência óssea (F-max) e realizados os cortes por microtomografia computadorizada (MCT) e análise por espectroscopia Raman. Foi observado que tanto o GH quanto o TF foram capazes de gerar aumento do diâmetro das fibras musculares (FM) do músculo Sóleo (C:31,81±6,35; GHC:36,88±6,38; T:38,38±6,94; GHT:36,89±7,16). Além disso, quando analisada a tipagem, houve aumento significativo (p<0,05) somente nas FM de contração rápida (C:33,78±7,78; GHC:37,80±6,03; T:38,53±6,94; GHT:37,98±7,65), quando comparado às lentas (C:25,93±6,66; GHC:26,95±8,03; T:26,24±6,90; GHT:27,20±5,77). Já na tíbia, foi observado que todos os grupos experimentais demonstraram aumento na variável DMO (C=0,110±0,005; GHC=0,134±0,05; T=0,127±0,004; GHT=0,133±0,008 g/cm²), no entanto, somente o grupo GHT demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa em comparação com o grupo controle (p<0,05). Além disso, não foi verificada diferença estatística para a variável obtida na F-max. Na avaliação da MCT, em todos os grupos ocorreu aumento do número de trabéculas (Tb.N) (C=1,10±0,22; GHC=1,79±0,07; T=1,91±0,04; GHT=1,91±0,09), quando comparados com o grupo C (p<0,05). Quando analisado o fêmur, verificou-se que houve o aumento mais acentuado dos componentes minerais ósseos no grupo T, para todas as variáveis obtidas pelo Raman. Além disso, para os animais submetidos à aplicação de GH, houve redução na variável densidade mineral óssea (DMO) (p<0,05). Por fim, os animais que receberam aplicação de GH, demonstraram maior F-max, porém, sem significância estatística (p>0,05). Conclui-se que, tanto o GH quanto o TF foram capazes de gerar aumento do diâmetro das FM do músculo Sóleo e promover aumento da DMO e Tb.N na tíbia. Porém, não foi verificada diferença significativa para variável F-max. Por fim, no fêmur, os animais que receberam aplicação de GH demonstraram diminuição da DMO e o treinamento de força isolado foi capaz de promover aumento dos compostos de cálcio, fosfato, amido e colágeno do tecido ósseo(AU)
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to observe the changes in the muscle fibers and bone tissue of animals after application of growth hormone (GH) and performing a strength training protocol (ST). In total, 40 male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were used, divided into four groups: control (C), control and application of GH (GHC), strength training (T), and strength training with the application of GH (GHT). The physical training protocol (PT) was composed of four series of 10 jumps in water, 3x/week, with an overload of 50% of body weight for four weeks. GH was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.2 IU/Kg to the GHC and GHT groups and saline (0.9% sodium chloride) to the C and T groups. After four weeks of PT, the animals were euthanized and samples taken from the Soleus muscle, in addition to bones of tibia and femur. In the muscle, histological sections were produced with a thickness of 5?m and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR). In the bone, the values of bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (F-max), Micro Computed Tomography (MCT) and analysis by Raman Spectroscopy, were obtained. It was observed that both the GH and PT were able to generate increased diameter of MF in Soleus muscle (C:31.81±6.35; GHC:36.88±6.38; T:38.38± 6.94; GHT:36.89±7.16). Moreover, when analyzing the type, a significant increase (p<0,05) was found only in the fast twitch MF (C:33.78±7.78; GHC:37.80±6.03; T:38.53±6.94; GHT:37.98±7.65) when compared to the slow twitch (C:25.93±6.66; GHC:26.95±8.03; T:26.24±6.90; GHT:27.20±5.77). In the tibia, an increase in the BMD variable was observed in all experimental groups (C=0.110±0.005; GHC=0.134±0.05; T=0.127±0.004; GHT=0.133±0.008g/cm²), however, only the GHT group demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, no statistical difference was observed for the F-max variable. For MCT, all experimental groups presented an increase in the number of trabeculae (Tb.N) (C=1.10±0.22; GHC=1.79±0.07; T=1.91±0.04; GHT=1.91±0.09), when compared with group C (p<0.05). When the femur was analyzed, a more pronounced increase in the bone mineral components was verified in the T group, for all the variables obtained by the Raman. In addition, for animals submitted to GH supplementation, there was a reduction in the variable bone mineral density (BMD) (p <0.05). Finally, the animals that received GH supplementation presented a higher F-max, but without statistical significance (p> 0.05). It was concluded that both GH and ST were able to promote increases in diameter of MF in Soleus muscle and BMD and Tb.N in the tibia. However, no significant difference was observed for the F-max variable. Finally, in the femur bone, that animals that received GH supplementation demonstrated a decrease in BMD and the strength training alone was able to promote increased calcium, phosphate, amide, and collagen compounds in bone tissue(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Huesos , Hormona del Crecimiento , Densidad Ósea , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Estriado , Ortopedia , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
In literature it is established that the iris musculature consists of striate muscle fibers in birds while in mammals it consists of smooth muscles. Some authors report the presence of smooth muscle tissue also in the iris of some species of birds. In the present study we report on the iris muscle tissues (type of tissue, direction and mean diameter of muscle fibers or cells) in five species of Accipitriformes (diurnal raptors) and four species of Strigiformes (nocturnal raptors) because they show different way of life depending of their predatory behavior. This morphological study was carried out from raptors died or euthanized at the Wild Life Rescue Centre of Sea and Water birds in Livorno (Italy). From histological examination of iris serial radial sections we find both striated and smooth musculature even if with marked differences among analyzed species, not directly correlated with diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle. Striated fibers are always present, mainly with cross direction, throughout the iris stroma, while the histological differences concern the smooth cells. Indeed, harrier and sparrow hawk (Accipitriformes) and great horned owl and little owl (Strigiformes) show a compact layer of cross smooth muscle cells throughout the iris stroma. In the other species analyzed smooth muscle cells are slightly detectable as scattered or not detectable. Since the cross smooth muscle tissue allows to maintain a myotic state for extended periods of time, our results might be correlated more to the predatory behavior than the taxonomic order.
En la literatura, se establece que la musculatura del iris se compone de fibras musculares estriadas en las aves, mientras que en los mamíferos, la forman los músculos lisos. Algunos autores informan también de la presencia de tejido muscular liso en el iris de algunas especies de aves. El presente estudio informa sobre los tejidos musculares del iris (tipo de tejido, la dirección y diámetro de las fibras musculares o células) en cinco especies de Accipitriformes y cuatro especies de Strigiformes que muestran diferentes hábitos en función de su comportamiento depredador. Este estudio morfológico se realizó en aves rapaces que murieron o fueron eutanasiadas en el Centro de Vida Salvaje de Rescate de Aves Marinas y Acuáticas de Livorno (Italia). El examen histológico de secciones seriadas radiales del iris mostró la presencia tanto de musculatura estriada como lisa, aunque con marcadas diferencias entre las especies analizadas, pero sin correlación directa con el estilo de vida diurna o nocturna. Las fibras estriadas estuvieron siempre presentes, principalmente en dirección transversal a lo largo del estroma del iris, mientras que las diferencias histológicas fueron de las células lisas. Tanto el aguilucho y el gavilán (Accipitriformes) como el buho real y el mochuelo (Strigiformes) mostraron una capa compacta de células musculares lisas transversales en todo el estroma del iris. En las otras especies analizadas, las células musculares lisas fueron ligeramente detectables de manera dispersa o no detectables. Dado que el tejido del músculo liso transversal permite mantener un estado miótico durante largos períodos de tiempo, nuestros resultados podrían estar más correlacionados con el comportamiento depredador, y no con el orden taxonómico.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Iris/anatomía & histología , Músculo Liso/anatomía & histología , Músculo Estriado/anatomía & histología , Rapaces/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of 14 weeks of resistance training on muscle tissue in Wistar rats. 20 male Wistar rats were used in the study; 10 allocated to the untrained group (Group 1) and 10 to the trained (Group 2). The physical training (PT) program consisted of four sets of ten water jumps, three times a week for 14 weeks. A progressive increase in load was applied from the14nd to the 42nd day. Following this, the animals were euthanized with an overdose of potassium chlorate (100 mg/kg) applied intraperitoneally. The ventral portion of the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for histological processing. The muscles were frozen in liquid nitrogen and cut into thicknesses of 5 µm using a rotative microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for general analysis of the structure of muscles and analysis of the area of muscle fibers. The reaction with NADH-TR was utilized for differentiation between fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fibers. The sections subjected to staining and histochemical reactions were observed in normal and polarized light and photomicrographed using a microscope (Zeiss®). The measurement of muscle fibers was performed using AxioVision software (Zeiss®). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test for analysis of the samples average. An average area of 5061.29 µm2 for Group 1 versus 5768.93 µm2 for Group 2 was observed. It can be concluded that 14 weeks of training with water jumps was effective in increasing muscle area. An increase in transverse area section (TAS) of ST and FT was also verified in the trained group.
El objetivo fue investigar los efectos de 14 semanas de entrenamiento de resistencia sobre el tejido muscular de ratas Wistar. Fueron utilizadas 20 ratas, 10 en el grupo sin entrenamiento (Grupo 1) y 10 con entrenamiento (Grupo 2). El programa de entrenamiento físico estaba compuesto de cuatro series con 10 saltos acuáticos, tres veces en la semana, durante 14 semanas. Un aumento progresivo de la carga fue aplicado desde el día 14 al día 42. Los animales fueron eutanasiados con clorhidrato de potasio (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneal. La parte ventral del músculo gastrocnemio fue removida para el análisis histológico. La musculatura fue congelada en nitrógeno líquido y cortada con 5 µm de espesor con micrótomo rotatorio. La coloración fue H-E para el análisis del músculo y área en las fibras musculares. La reacción com NADH-TR fue utilizada para la comparación entre las fibras rápidas (FR) y fibras lentas (FL). Las reacciones histoquímicass se observaron bajo microscópio de luz (Zeiss®) y sobre las microfotografias obtenidas se realizaron las mediciones con el programa Axio Vision (Zeiss®). El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba t de student para comparación de medias. Se observó una media de 5061,29 µm2 en el Grupo 1 y 5768,93 µm2 en Grupo 2. Es posible concluir que 14 semanas de programa de entrenamiento físico con 10 saltos acuáticos son capaces de aumentar el área del músculo. Un aumento del área transversal de las FR y FL fue observado en el grupo 2.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Músculo Estriado/anatomía & histología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Natación/fisiología , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dermatomyositis affects striated muscles, skin and other organs. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the disease from January 1992 to December 2002, assessing its classification, cutaneous and systemic manifestations, and also laboratory results, therapeutic and prognostic findings compared to those in the literature. METHODS: Data were obtained from medical records of 109 patients who were classified into five groups: 23 juvenile dermatomyositis; 59 primary idiopathic dermatomyositis; 6 amyopathic dermatomyositis; 7 dermatomyositis associated with neoplasms and 14 dermatomyositis associated with other connective tissue diseases. RESULTS: Sixty patients were classified as "definite" diagnosis; 33 as "possible"; four as "probable" and 12 and as amyopathic. The average age at diagnosis was 36 years. Cutaneous manifestations occurred in all patients; the most frequent symptom was loss of proximal muscle strength; the most common pulmonary disorder was interstitial lung disease, and gastritis was the most prevalent digestive manifestation. Tumors were documented in 6.42% of cases. Lactate dehydrogenase was the muscle enzyme most frequently elevated in the majority of cases. Skin biopsies were performed in 68 patients; muscle biopsies in 53; and electroneuromyographies in 58 patients. The most commonly used treatment was corticotherapy and the mortality rate was 14.7%. CONCLUSION: in this sample, the disease appeared in younger individuals, was more frequent in women and the association with cancer was small. .
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Biopsia , Brasil , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/clasificación , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Electromiografía/métodos , Registros Médicos , Músculo Estriado/patología , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Pronóstico , Piel/patología , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Diabetes Mellitus , Matriz Extracelular , Músculo EstriadoRESUMEN
El músculo esternalis es una variante anatómica poco común de la pared torácica. se estima su frecuencia en, aproximadamente, el 8% de la población mundial, se presenta tanto en hombres como en mujeres, y puede ser unilateral o bilateral. Constituye una situación que amerita cuidado, pues puede simular neoplasia maligna en la mamografía. su reconocimiento evita la realización de estudios imagenológicos adicionales innecesarios, incluyendo biopsias guiadas, que generan costos económicos al sistema, y estrés y ansiedad injustificada a las pacientes.
The sternalis muscle is a rare anatomical variant of the chest wall. Its frequency is estimated at approximately 8% of the world population, both in men and women, and can be unilateral or bilateral. Its importance is due to the fact that it can simulate malignancy on mammography. Recognizing it avoids performing unnecessary additional imaging studies, including guided biopsies involving extra financial costs to the system, as well as undue stress and anxiety in patients.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Músculo Estriado , MamografíaRESUMEN
O diabete materno constitui um ambiente desfavorável para o desenvolvimento embrionário e feto-placentário. É uma repercussão de importância na obstetrícia moderna, visto que está associado a um risco aumentado de morbidade materna e neonatal e continua a ser um desafio médico significativo. O aumento mundial na incidência do diabete, o aumento do diabete tipo 2 em mulheres em idade reprodutiva e a geração cruzada da programação intra-uterina do diabete tipo 2 são as bases para o interesse crescente na utilização de modelos experimentais diabéticos, a fim de obter conhecimento sobre os mecanismos que induzem as alterações de desenvolvimento no diabete gestacional. Vários estudos têm demonstrado os benefícios da prevenção do diabete com intervenções no estilo de vida, melhora metabólica e controle de fator de risco cardiovascular para evitar substancialmente as complicações devastadores da doença. Apesar desses achados e a revolução recente no conhecimento científico e infinidade de novas terapias do diabete, continua a haver uma grande lacuna entre o que foi aprendido através da pesquisa e o que é feito na prática da saúde pública, clínica e comunitária. O iminente impacto econômico negativo desta complacência nos indivíduos, nas famílias e nas economias nacionais é alarmante...
The maternal diabetes constitutes an unfavorable environment for the fetal-placental and embryonic development. It is an important repercussion in modern obstetrics, since it´s associated to an increased risk of neonatal and maternal morbidity and it still is a significant medical challenge. The worldwide diabetes increased level, the increase of diabetes type 2 in reproductive age women and the crossed generation of the intrauterine programation from diabetes type 2 are the bases for the growing interest in the utilization of diabetics experimental samples, with the aim to adquire knowledge about the mechanisms that induce the development alterations at the gestational diabetes. Several studies have showed the benefits of the diabetes prevention, with interventions in the life style, metabolic improvement and control of the cardiovascular risk factor to substantially avoid this disease devastating complications. Despite these findings, the recent revolution in the scientific knowledge and the infinites new therapies for diabetes, there is still a large gap between what was learned through the researches and what is really done in the public, clinical and communitary health. The negative economic impact of this complacency in the people, families and national economies is alarming...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Diabetes Gestacional , Matriz Extracelular , Músculo Estriado , Incontinencia Urinaria , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Due to the anatomical distribution and function, striated muscle is susceptible to injury especially traumatic requiring imaging methods for diagnosis, the degree of disease and establish the extent possible recovery time. Ultrasonography is a method that has gained an important place in the evaluation of muscle to be safe, affordable, and by allowing static and dynamic assessment of the muscle. The current classification of muscle injuries seen by Ultrasonography has limitations because it does not allow an adequate correlation between the percentage of condition and prognosis.
Debido a la distribución anatómica y función, el músculo estriado es susceptible de sufrir lesiones sobre todo traumáticas que requieren de métodos de imagen para determinar el diagnóstico, el grado de afección y establecer en la medida de lo posible el tiempo de recuperación. La Ultrasonografía es un método que ha ido ganando un lugar preponderante en la evaluación del músculo por ser inocua, de bajo costo, así como por permitir una evaluación estática y dinámica del músculo. La clasificación actual de lesiones musculares vistas por Ultrasonografía tiene limitantes porque no permite fundamentar una adecuada correlación entre el porcentaje de afección y el pronóstico.