Breast cysticercosis - a case report.

SUMMARY: Isolated incidences of human cysticercosis have been reported world-wide, but it remains a major public health concern in endemic areas such as Mexico, Africa, South-East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. Cysticercosis most commonly involves the skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue, brain, and eyes. The breast is an uncommon site of presentation for cysticercosis. Due to its rare occurrence, breast cysticercosis is often initially mistaken for other common breast lesions such as cysts, abscess, malignant tumours and fibroadenomas. We report a case of breast cysticercosis in a young South African woman.

[Breast schistosomiasis japonica: a case report].

A case with breast schistosomiasis japonica was reported.

Breast Sparganosis Presenting with a Painless Breast Lump: Report of Two Cases.

Sparganosis is a parasitic infestation caused by sparganum, a plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Since the first case of human sparganosis reported in 1908, sparganosis has been a global disease, and is common in China, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries. Consumption of raw snakes, frogs, fish, or drinking contaminated beverages are sources of human infections. Human sparganosis usually manifests in subcutaneous fat in areas such as the abdomen, genitourinary tract, and limbs. Breast sparganosis cases are rare, representing less than 2% of total cases of human infections. Complete surgical extraction of the sparganum is the treatment of choice. Because of the rarity of the disease, clinical suspicion is vital to reach the diagnosis of breast sparganosis. Here we report 2 rare cases of breast sparganosis presenting with a painless breast lump, both treated with surgical excision and sparganum extraction.

Bilateral breast filariasis mimicking inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Breast is an uncommon site to be affected in filariasis. However, such cases may be encountered in endemic areas. Here, we report a case of filariasis of breast in a 55-year-old woman who was clinically mistaken for inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Sonomammography revealed classic signs pointing towards the diagnosis of filariasis of breast, which was confirmed with microscopic examination of fine-needle aspirate. Thus, imaging played a pivotal role in correctly diagnosing and further altering the line of management.

Breast Recurrent Hydatid Cyst Disease.

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease seen in endemic areas. It is an important health problem in our country and especially in our Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia Region. Involvement of isolated breast tissue is very rare in hydatid cystdisease. As far as we know, isolated recurrent breast cyst hydatidosis has not been found in the literature. CASE REPORT: We aimed to present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with recurrent isolated cyst hydatid in the same breast, operated on because of hydatid cyst in the right breast 9 years ago. CONCLUSION: A hydatid cyst should be considered, particularly in endemic regions, in the differential diagnosis of cystic masses of the breast. If the patient has previously undergone surgery for breast cyst hydatid disease, recurrent cyst hydatid disease should be considered at the differential diagnosis.

Breast filariasis or inflammatory breast carcinoma? Reaching a diagnosis.

Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. Involvement of the breast is relatively uncommon and may affect only 10% of individuals with lymphatic filariasis. We present a case of an elderly woman with breast pathology. The condition clinically appeared as a malignancy. Routine diagnostic tests including tissue histopathological studies failed to clinch a diagnosis. However, a serological test helped in identifying the pathology, which turned out to be a manifestation of breast filariasis, and aided in instituting appropriate therapy for this condition.

Sonographic diagnosis of primary hydatid disease in the breast: the scroll sign.

Primary hydatid disease of breast is a rare entity and is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is more commonly seen in sheep-rearing populations and imaging plays a pivotal role in its diagnosis. Several imaging signs have been described in relation to hydatid cysts. However, the "scroll sign," due to the infolding of the endocyst, has rarely been encountered, with only one similar case in literature, in which the imaging findings were inconclusive. We present a case of primary hydatid disease of breast in a young Asian woman, with the sonographic scroll sign.

Low tension breast hydatid cyst--a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Features of low tension in breast hydatid cyst and symptoms secondary to cyst dying and disintegration are unique and not yet reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An young woman of 30 years complained about pain and vague swelling in the right breast during follow-up with albendazole therapy following second laparotomy for post-surgical residual cavity of hydatid cyst in the left lobe of the liver. Breast ultrasound was diagnostic. RESULTS: Segmental breast excision revealed a large dead hydatid cyst. Postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Breast hydatid cyst may become symptomatic and hypotensive after start of albendazole therapy.

Dirofilariasis of the breast: sonographic appearance.

Human dirofilarial infections characteristically manifest as pulmonary "coin" lesions or as subcutaneous nodules. A case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria infection of the breast involving a 25-year-old woman with a painful breast lump is presented. The patient had not traveled anywhere and did not have any animals, but provided a history of being bitten by mosquitoes. The suspicion of a parasitic infection was raised by the presence of rod-like structures within a hypoechoic nodule on sonography; movement within the nodule was detected during the examination. Histopathological examination revealed viable, adult female Dirofilaria repens, a nematode that is commonly found in dogs, cats, and wild mammals throughout parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:433-435, 2014.

Sparganosis of the breast and lower extremities: sonographic appearance.

Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by larvae of the genus Spirometra. It can involve any part of the human body and usually manifests as a mass in various locations. We report a case of recurrent sparganosis in the breast and lower extremities. Our patient had recurrent subcutaneous masses in her breast and lower leg that showed characteristic ultrasonographic imaging findings of serpentine, tubular structures with surrounding increased echogenicity. These imaging findings are well correlated with pathologic findings. Worms were identified in resected specimens confirming sparganosis.

Hydatid cyst presenting as a breast lump in a male patient.

The breast is a rare primary site of hydatid disease and accounts for only 0.27% of cases. Mammary hydatidosis generally occurs in females and has never been described in male patients. In this paper, the authors report a new case of isolated hydatid cyst of the breast in a 35-year-old previously healthy man, who presented with a left breast painless lump of one year duration. Physical examination showed a non-tender and immobile mass in the upper lateral quadrant of the left breast, with normal overlying skin and nipple. There was no palpable lymph node in the left axilla and the contralateral breast was normal. Ultrasonography showed a 2.7 x 1.5 cm cystic lesion in the left breast. The patient underwent total excision of the mass, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The authors conclude that although hydatid cyst of the breast is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast lumps especially in endemic areas.

Tissue tropism of Toxoplasma gondii in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) after parenteral infection.

Turkeys are known to be natural hosts for the zoonotic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The objective of the present study was to gain further knowledge of possible predilection sites of T. gondii infection in this species after parenteral application of tachyzoites. A total of 38 turkeys were infected with different doses of T. gondii tachyzoites. Birds were killed either 6 to 8 or 10 to 12 weeks after the experimental infection. Fourteen different tissues per bird were investigated by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the parasites' DNA. T. gondii DNA was found in any type of tissue analysed; in 86.1 % of all infected birds, at least one sample was tested positive. Over all intravenously infected birds, 15.4 % of all analysed samples contained T. gondii DNA. Most frequently affected tissues were liver (43.3 % positive samples), breast muscle (26.7 % positive samples) and heart (20.0 % positive samples), while the brain was less frequently positive (6.7 %). The number of positive tissues varied from zero to seven tissues per animal with at least one T. gondii-positive edible tissue sample in 80 % of all intravenously infected birds. Still, the results did not indicate defined target tissues or a cyst distribution pattern. Nonetheless, edible organs were most frequently parasitised. The number of positive findings did not differ between the early and the late examination time points. Therefore, a persistence of the tissue stages until the end of the study (12 weeks after infection) is concluded.