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1.
JAMA Netw Open ; 7(9): e2432679, 2024 Sep 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39316403

RESUMEN

Importance: Physicians who belong to minoritized racial and ethnic groups remain underrepresented and underpromoted. Serving as a chief resident is an important position of leadership and prestige, and indicates a benchmark for future professional success. However, it is unknown if disparities in race and/or sex exist in the chief resident selection process. Objective: To describe race, ethnicity, and sex of emergency medicine (EM) chief residents and determine the association of racial identity and the intersectionality of race and sex for selecting chief residents in US emergency medicine departments. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed data collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Electronic Residency Application Service in the graduating classes of 2017 and 2018. Data were analyzed between December 2021 and January 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures: Relative risk (RR) of selection for chief residency for Black, Asian, and Hispanic EM residents in comparison with White counterparts. Results: Among 3408 studied residents, 738 (21.7%) served as chief resident (2253 male [66.1%]; 451 Asian [13.2%], 144 Black [4.2%], 158 Hispanic [4.6%], 239 more than 1 race [7.0%], 46 other [1.3%], and 2370 White [69.5%]). Of chiefs, 81 (11.0%) identified as Asian, 17 (2.3%) as Black, and 26 (3.5%) Hispanic. Asian residents were 78% (95% CI, 63%-96%) as likely to be promoted to chief resident compared with White peers, and Black residents were 51% (95% CI, 32%-80%) as likely as White residents. In our fully adjusted model, racial differences remained significant for Black residents, who were half as likely as white residents to be selected for chief residency (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.82). Overall, White women were most likely to be selected for chief residency and 20% more likely to be selected than White men counterparts (aRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.39). In comparison, women underrepresented in medicine (a category that included residents identified as Black, Hispanic, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) were least likely to be selected for chief promotion, and 50% as likely to be selected for chief resident compared with White men (aRR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.06-0.66). Conclusions and Relevance: In this 2024 nationally representative study of EM residents, chief promotion was lower among residents identifying as Asian or Black, and in particular, women underrepresented in medicine. This study's findings suggest further review of chief resident selection process by residency programs and accreditation bodies is needed to ensure workforce equity for promotion and opportunities for leadership.


Asunto(s)
Medicina de Emergencia , Internado y Residencia , Humanos , Internado y Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Medicina de Emergencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes
3.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 1026, 2024 Sep 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39300421

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: High-fidelity simulations play a crucial role in preparing for high-mortality events like cardiopulmonary arrest, emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate intervention. Proficiency in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) requires a strong self-efficacy(SE); training for both is crucial. This study assesses the impact of Advanced Life Support(ALS) simulation on SE changes in final-year medical students. METHODS: This mixed-methods prospective simulation study involved medical students in emergency medicine internships, examining self-efficacy perceptions regarding ALS technical skills(ALS-SEP). A comparison was made between students who underwent scenario-based ALS simulation training and those who did not. Competencies in chest compression skills were assessed, and the concordance between ALS-SEP scores and observed CPR performances were evaluated. Focus group interviews were conducted and analyzed using content analysis techniques. RESULTS: The study involved 80 students, with 53 in the experimental group(EG) and 27 in the control group(CG). The EG, underwent simulation training, showed a significantly higher ALS-SEP change than the CG(p < 0.05). However, there was low concordance between pre-simulation SEP and actual performance. Compression skills success rates were inadequate. Qualitative analysis revealed main themes as"learning"(32.6%), "self-efficacy"(29%), "simulation method"(21.3%), and "development"(16.5%). DISCUSSION: Post-simulation, students reported improved SEP and increased readiness for future interventions. The findings and qualitative statements support the effectiveness of simulation practices in bridging the gap between SEP and performance. Utilizing simulation-based ALS training enhances learners' belief in their capabilities, raises awareness of their competencies, and encourages reflective thinking. Given the importance of high SEP for ALS, simulation trainings correlating self-efficacy perception and performance may significantly reduce potential medical errors stemming from a disparity between perceived capability and actual performance.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Autoeficacia , Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/educación , Entrenamiento Simulado , Adulto , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Enseñanza Mediante Simulación de Alta Fidelidad , Adulto Joven , Grupos Focales , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina/métodos , Empoderamiento
4.
BMJ Open ; 14(9): e086733, 2024 Sep 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39299788

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To gain a deep understanding of factors driving retention in emergency medicine. To understand in detail the day-to-day lived experience of emergency medicine doctors, to identify and explore factors influencing retention, to situate these descriptions within the current educational and health policy contexts and to advance the debate and make policy and practice recommendations. DESIGN: Ethnography and semistructured interviews. SETTING: Two purposively sampled emergency departments in England, with additional interview participants recruited via social media and relevant stakeholder organisations. PARTICIPANTS: 41 interview participants comprising 21 emergency physicians across 2 sites, 10 former emergency physicians and 10 stakeholders, with 132 hours of observation over 11 weeks in one emergency department in England. RESULTS: Three key themes were developed as relevant to the day-to-day lived experience of work in the emergency department, presenting challenges to retention and opportunities for change. First, emergency physicians needed to develop workarounds to mitigate the sensory and material challenges of working in a difficult environment.Second, education influences retention through valuing, fostering competence and entrustment and supporting interdependence. These were primarily observable in the workplace through senior staff prioritising the education of more junior staff.Third, community was important for retention. Linked to education through communities of practice, it was built by brief interpersonal interactions between emergency department workers.Situating these descriptions in current policy contexts identified less than full-time working, portfolio careers and mentorship as retention strategies. Self-rostering and annualisation facilitated these retention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The emergency department represents a difficult environment with many challenges, yet by focusing on how doctors navigate these difficulties, we can see the way in which retention occurs in everyday practices, and that valuing staff is critical for retention.


Asunto(s)
Antropología Cultural , Medicina de Emergencia , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Humanos , Inglaterra , Masculino , Femenino , Entrevistas como Asunto , Médicos/psicología , Investigación Cualitativa , Reorganización del Personal , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Adulto , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología
6.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 715-724, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319802

RESUMEN

Introduction: Program signaling (PS), which enables residency applicants to signal their preference for a specific program, was introduced in emergency medicine (EM) in the 2022-2023 residency application cycle. In this study we evaluated EM program directors' (PD) utilization of PS in application review and ranking. This study also explores the relationship between program characteristics and number of signals received as well as the relative importance and utilization of signals related to the number of signals received. Methods: This is an institutional review board-approved, cross-sectional study of PDs at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited EM residency programs. We used descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of residency programs and practices around PS. Measures of central tendency and dispersion summarized continuous variables. We used chi-square analysis or the Fisher exact test for comparisons between groups for categorical variables. Comparisons for continuous variables were made using the t-test for independent samples or analysis of variance. Results: The response rate was 41% (n = 113/277 EM programs). Most programs participated in PS (n = 261/277 EM programs, 94.2%). Mean number of signals received was 60 (range 2-203). Signals received varied based on program characteristics including geographic location and program type, duration, environment, and longevity. Most used PS in holistic review (52.2%), but other uses varied by proportion of applications that were signaled. The importance of PS in application review (mean 2.9; 1-5 scale, 1 = not important, 5 = extremely important) and rank list preparation (2.1) was relatively low compared to other application elements such as standardized letters of evaluation (4.97 for review, 4.90 for ranking). Conclusion: The study provides insights into PS utilization in EM's inaugural year. We have identified patterns of signal use based on program characteristics and number of signals received that can inform signal allocation and utilization on an individual applicant and program level. A more nuanced understanding of signal use can provide valuable insight as the specialty of EM grapples with fluctuations in its applicant numbers and shifting demographics of its applicant pool.


Asunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Medicina de Emergencia , Internado y Residencia , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Estados Unidos , Acreditación
7.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 735-738, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319804

RESUMEN

Background: The emergency medicine (EM) milestones are objective behaviors that are categorized into thematic domains called "subcompetencies" (eg, emergency stabilization). The scale for rating milestones is predicated on the assumption that a rating (level) of 1.0 corresponds to an incoming EM-1 resident and a rating of 4.0 is the "target rating" (albeit not an expectation) for a graduating resident. Our aim in this study was to determine the frequency with which graduating residents received the target milestone ratings. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of a dataset used in a prior study but was not reported previously. We analyzed milestone subcompetency ratings from April 25-June 24, 2022 for categorical EM residents in their final year of training. Ratings were dichotomized as meeting the expected level at the time of program completion (ratings of ≥3.5) and not meeting the expected level at the time of program completion (ratings of ≤3.0). We calculated the number of residents who did not achieve target ratings for each of the subcompetencies. Results: In Spring 2022, of the 2,637 residents in the spring of their last year of training, 1,613 (61.2%) achieved a rating of ≥3.5 on every subcompetency and 1,024 (38.8%) failed to achieve that rating on at least one subcompetency. There were 250 residents (9.5%) who failed to achieve half of their expected subcompetency ratings and 105 (4.0%) who failed to achieve the expected rating (ie, rating was ≤3.0) on every subcompetency. Conclusion: When using an EM milestone rating threshold of 3.5, only 61.2% of physicians achieved the target ratings for program graduation; 4.0% of physicians failed to achieve target ratings for any milestone subcompetency; and 9.5% of physicians failed to achieve the target ratings for graduating residents in half of the subcompetencies.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Evaluación Educacional , Medicina de Emergencia , Internado y Residencia , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Competencia Clínica/normas , Internado y Residencia/normas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina/normas
8.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 725-734, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319803

RESUMEN

Introduction: Eye emergencies make up nearly 3% of US emergency department (ED) visits. While emergency physicians (EP) should diagnose and treat these ophthalmologic emergencies, many trainees report limited ocular exposure and insufficient training throughout their residency to confidently conduct a thorough slit-lamp exam. Methods: We created an interdisciplinary, simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum to teach emergency attending physicians how to operate the slit lamp with multimodal learning methodology at a tertiary academic center. The EPs first demonstrate their initial slit-lamp competency with a 20-item checklist, and they then review the necessary curricular content to pass their independent readiness test before completing their in-person teaching and demonstration session with an ophthalmology attending to demonstrate procedural mastery (minimal passing score >90%). Results: Fifteen EPs were enrolled; all completed the final exam of the curriculum. The pre- and post-curriculum checklist scores increased by an average of seven points (P = .002); 86.7% of EPs felt confident in completing a slit-lamp exam after the curriculum, compared to 20% at the beginning. Five of 15 reported teaching learners within the two-month post-curricular period, ranging from 5-30 students. The hands-on teaching was the most positively reviewed element of the curriculum. Conclusion: The SBML program successfully trained EPs on performing a comprehensive slit-lamp exam with promising results of downstream education to junior learners. We encourage other institutions to leverage SBML as a teaching modality for procedural-based training and advocate cross-discipline education initiatives.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Curriculum , Medicina de Emergencia , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Humanos , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Oftalmología/educación , Evaluación Educacional , Internado y Residencia , Microscopía con Lámpara de Hendidura , Entrenamiento Simulado/métodos , Lámpara de Hendidura
9.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 767-776, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319808

RESUMEN

Introduction: Effective medical education must balance clinical service demands for institutions and learning needs of trainees. The question of whether these are competing demands or can serve complementary roles has profound impacts on graduate medical education, ranging from funding decisions to the willingness of community-based hospitals and physicians to include learners at their clinical sites. Our objective in this article was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of medical trainees on productivity and efficiency in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We queried PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from earliest available dates to March 2023. We identified all studies evaluating the impact of medical students and/or residents in the ED on commonly used productivity and efficiency metrics. Only studies in EDs in the United States were included. No additional filters were used. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Study findings were combined in a narrative synthesis and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: The literature search yielded 3,390 unique articles for abstract screening. Eighty-one abstracts were identified as relevant to our PICO question (population, intervention, control, and outcomes), 76 of which had retrievable full-text articles and the themes of which were discussed in a narrative synthesis. We selected 13 of the full-text articles for final inclusion in a systematic review. Studies were roughly split between observational (6) and quasi-experimental (7) designs. The majority of studies (11) were single-site studies. Only two studies could be graded as low risk of bias per the ROBINS-I tool. Conclusion: Low-GRADE evidence suggests that students and residents decrease ED efficiency by a statistically small effect size of debatable clinical importance. Residents provide a moderate boost to ED productivity. Students do not produce a statistically or clinically significant impact on ED productivity. Residents increase emergency department relative value units revenue by $26.30 an hour, while students have no impact. Both types of learners decrease efficiency.


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Internado y Residencia , Humanos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Eficiencia Organizacional , Estados Unidos , Eficiencia
10.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 739-747, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319805

RESUMEN

Introduction: Social medicine seeks to incorporate patients' social contexts into their medical care. Emergency physicians are uniquely positioned to address social determinants of health (SDoH) on the frontlines of the healthcare system. Miami-Dade County (MDC) is a diverse and socially vulnerable area. In 2020, the University of Miami-Jackson Health System (UM-JHS) emergency medicine (EM) residency program launched a multimodal, resident-led Social EM program to identify and address SDoH in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We use a four-pillar approach to SDoH in the ED: Curriculum Integration; Community Outreach; Access to Care; and Social Justice. Residents graduate with a knowledge of Social EM principles through an 18-month curriculum, an elective, and a longitudinal track. We developed sustainable initiatives through interdepartmental and community-based partnerships, including a Narcan distribution initiative, an ED-based program linking uninsured patients to follow-up care, a human trafficking education initiative, and a quality improvement initiative for incarcerated patients. Results: Given that the 18-month curriculum was launched in 2022, a full rotation of the curriculum had not been completed as of this writing, and data collection and analysis is an ongoing process. The initial pretest and post-test survey data show improvement in knowledge and confidence in managing Social EM topics. The Narcan initiative has screened 1,188 patients, of whom 144 have received Narcan. The ED-based patient navigation program has enrolled 31 patients to date, 18 of whom obtained outpatient care. Analysis of the impact/effectiveness of the program's other initiatives is ongoing. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is one of the most robust social EM programs to date, as many other programs primarily focus on service opportunities. Rooted in the revised principles of Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive learning, this program moves beyond understanding Social EM tenets to generating solutions to address SDoH in and outside the ED.


Asunto(s)
Curriculum , Medicina de Emergencia , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Internado y Residencia , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Humanos , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/organización & administración , Medicina Social/educación , Florida , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina
11.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 828-837, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319816

RESUMEN

Purpose: During the third-year emergency medicine (EM) clerkship, medical students are immersed in traumatic incidents with their patients and clinical teams. Trauma-informed medical education (TIME) applies trauma-informed care (TIC) principles to help students manage trauma. We aimed to qualitatively describe the extent to which students perceived the six TIME domains as they navigated critical incidents during their EM clerkship. Methods: We employed a constructivist, modified grounded theory approach to explore medical students' experiences. We used the critical incident technique to elicit narratives to better understand the six TIME domains as they naturally appear in the clerkship. Participants were asked to describe a traumatic incident they experienced during the clerkship, followed by the clerkship's role in helping them manage the incident. Using the framework method, transcripts were analyzed 1) deductively by matching transcript excerpts to relevant TIME domains and 2) inductively by generating de novo themes to capture factors that affected students' handling of trauma during critical incidents. Results: Twelve participants were enrolled and interviewed in July 2022. "Safety" was the most frequently described TIME domain, whereas "Gender, Cultural, and Historical issues" and "Peer Support" were discussed least. Inductive analysis revealed themes that hindered or supported their ability to manage traumatic experiences, which were grouped into three categories: 1) student interactions with the learning environment: complex social determinants of health, inequalities in care, and overt discrimination; 2) student interactions with patients: ethically ambiguous care, witnessing acute patient presentations, and reactivation of past trauma; and 3) student interactions with supervisors: power dynamics, invalidation of contributions, role-modeling, and student empowerment. Conclusion: The six TIME domains are represented in students' perceptions of immediate, stressful critical incidents during their EM clerkship, with "Safety" being the most commonly described; however, the degree to which these domains are supported in students' experiences of the EM clerkship differ, and instances of inadequately experienced domains may contribute to student distress. Understanding the EM clerkship through the specific lens of students' experiences of trauma may be an effective strategy to guide curricular changes that promote a supportive learning environment for students in the emergency department.


Asunto(s)
Prácticas Clínicas , Medicina de Emergencia , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Heridas y Lesiones/psicología , Teoría Fundamentada , Investigación Cualitativa , Adulto , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina
12.
West J Emerg Med ; 25(5): 800-808, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319812

RESUMEN

Objective: The medical literature has demonstrated disparities and variability in physician salaries and, specifically, emergency physician (EP) salaries. We sought to investigate individual physician characteristics, including sex and educational background, together with individual preferences of graduating EPs, and their association with the salary of their first job. Methods: The American College of Emergency Physicians and the George Washington University Mullan Institute surveyed 2019 graduating EPs. The survey included respondents' demographic and educational background, post-training job characteristics and location, hospital characteristics, importance of different personal priorities, and starting salaries. We performed a multivariable regression analysis to determine how salaries were associated with job types and individuals' characteristics. Results: We sent surveys to 2,192 graduating residents in 2019. Of these, 487 (22.2%) responded, and 270 (55.4%) accepted first-time clinical jobs and included salary data (12.3% of all surveys sent). Male sex, osteopathic training, and full-time work were significantly associated with higher salary. Men and women prioritized different factors in their job search. Women were more likely to consider such factors as parental leave policy, proximity to family, desired practice setting, type of hospital, and desired location as important. Salary/compensation was considered very important by 51.8% of men and 29.6% of women. Men's median salary was $30,000 more than women's (p = 0.01, 95% CI +$6,929 -+$53,071), a significant pay differential. Conclusion: Salaries of graduating emergency medicine residents are associated with the resident's sex and degree type: doctor of osteopathic medicine or doctor of allopathic medicine. Multiple factors may contribute to men having higher salaries than women, and some of this difference reflects different priorities in their job search. Women were more likely to consider job conditions and setting to be more important, while men considered salary and compensation more important.


Asunto(s)
Selección de Profesión , Medicina de Emergencia , Internado y Residencia , Salarios y Beneficios , Humanos , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores Sexuales , Internado y Residencia/economía , Adulto , Estados Unidos , Médicos
13.
J Emerg Med ; 67(5): e456-e463, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39237441

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: As end-stage renal disease becomes more prevalent in the United States, the number of Americans with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas continues to increase. One of the most feared complications of AV fistulas is life-threatening hemorrhage, as patients can exsanguinate within minutes. OBJECTIVES: As frontline healthcare workers, emergency medicine (EM) providers need to be able to provide rapid and effective treatment for this rare presentation. We developed a task trainer model to simulate AV fistula hemorrhage to prepare and train EM residents. METHODS: This task trainer model was constructed with readily available materials and takes about 30 minutes to make. Twenty-one EM residents participated in the training session. The session consisted of a brief didactic on AV fistula hemorrhage control followed by hands on usage of the task-trainer model. The participants filled out an anonymous survey afterwards rating the model. RESULTS: Residents completed anonymous postcourse surveys rating the session on a five-point Likert scale. Both the overall teaching session and the task trainer were rated very highly. Compared to precourse ratings, residents reported statistically significant postcourse improvements in their level of confidence in managing AV fistula hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first published task trainer model to simulate a bleeding AV fistula for EM residents. The model was well received by our trainees, is relatively inexpensive, and made from easily sourced materials. We believe this model can be used for trainees of all disciplines to prepare them for this potentially catastrophic patient presentation.


Asunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa , Medicina de Emergencia , Hemorragia , Humanos , Hemorragia/etiología , Hemorragia/terapia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/complicaciones , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Internado y Residencia/métodos , Competencia Clínica/normas , Entrenamiento Simulado/métodos , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones
14.
JAMA Netw Open ; 7(9): e2431600, 2024 Sep 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39250155

RESUMEN

Importance: Adaptive expertise helps physicians apply their skills to novel clinical cases and reduce preventable errors. Error management training (EMT) has been shown to improve adaptive expertise with procedural skills; however, its application to cognitive skills in medical education is unclear. Objective: To evaluate whether EMT improves adaptive expertise when learning the cognitive skill of head computed tomography (CT) interpretation. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 8, 2022, to March 30, 2023, in 7 geographically diverse emergency medicine residency programs. Participants were postgraduate year 1 through 4 emergency medicine residents masked to the hypothesis. Interventions: Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to a difficult EMT, easy EMT, or error avoidance training (EAT) control learning strategy for completing an online head CT curriculum. Both EMT cohorts received no didactic instruction before scrolling through head CT cases, whereas the EAT group did. The difficult EMT cohort answered difficult questions about the teaching cases, leading to errors, whereas the easy EMT cohort answered easy questions, leading to fewer errors. All 3 cohorts used the same cases. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a difference in adaptive expertise among the 3 cohorts, as measured using a head CT posttest. Secondary outcomes were (1) differences in routine expertise, (2) whether the quantity of errors during training mediated differences in adaptive expertise, and (3) the interaction between prior residency training and the learning strategies. Results: Among 212 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [2.0] years; 107 men [50.5%]), 70 were allocated to the difficult EMT, 71 to the easy EMT, and 71 to the EAT control cohorts; 150 participants (70.8%) completed the posttest. The difficult EMT cohort outperformed both the easy EMT and EAT cohorts on adaptive expertise cases (60.6% [95% CI, 56.1%-65.1%] vs 45.2% [95% CI, 39.9%-50.6%], vs 40.9% [95% CI, 36.0%-45.7%], respectively; P < .001), with a large effect size (η2 = 0.19). There was no significant difference in routine expertise. The difficult EMT cohort made more errors during training than the easy EMT cohort. Mediation analysis showed that the number of errors during training explained 87.2% of the difficult EMT learning strategy's effect on improving adaptive expertise (P = .01). The difficult EMT learning strategy was more effective in improving adaptive expertise for residents earlier in training, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.25; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, the findings show that EMT is an effective method to develop physicians' adaptive expertise with cognitive skills. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05284838.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Internado y Residencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Competencia Clínica/estadística & datos numéricos , Internado y Residencia/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Adulto , Errores Médicos/prevención & control , Curriculum , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina/métodos , Aprendizaje
15.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 978, 2024 Sep 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39252064

RESUMEN

Young healthcare professionals and medical graduates often fall short in the practical experience necessary for handling medical emergencies. This can not only lead to strained feelings of inadequacy and insecurity among future physicians and less experienced healthcare providers in general, but also to detrimental outcomes for patients as emergency medicine demands rapid decision-making with low tolerance for errors. New didactic modalities and approaches may be needed to effectively address this shortcoming. Immersive technologies are powerful novel educational tools with untapped potential in medical training, and may be particularly suitable for simulation trainings in the high-stakes field of emergency medicine.Herein, we systematically explored the educational potential of extended reality (XR) technology, particularly virtual reality (VR), in the management of patients presenting as medical emergencies, combining the use of the STEP-VR application with an untethered hardware setup.Importantly, we aimed at studying multiple, large cohorts of senior medical students involving a total of 529 participants and collecting data over a period of two years. We assessed students' acceptance of the training through a modified questionnaire measuring device handling, content complexity, degree of immersion, learning success, and seminar design.Our results show high, sustained acceptance and ease of use across different student cohorts and subgroups, with most students finding XR/VR engaging and beneficial for acquiring emergency medicine skills. Importantly, the prevalence of simulation sickness was minimal. Moreover, no major effect of the head-mounted displays (HMDs) price range was noted with regard to the learning experience. The results underscore the potential of XR/VR capabilities in effectively enhancing medical education, particularly in areas of high-stakes clinical scenarios and emergency care, by providing realistic and reproducible immersive training environments.In summary, our findings suggest that XR/VR-based training approaches could significantly contribute to preparing future physicians for the complexities of emergency medical care, encouraging the integration of such technologies into medical curricula. However, careful consideration must be given to its suitability for all students and the practical challenges of its implementation, highlighting the need for further research to harness its full potential for medical education.


Asunto(s)
Medicina de Emergencia , Estudiantes de Medicina , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Femenino , Entrenamiento Simulado , Competencia Clínica , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina/métodos , Adulto
19.
MedEdPORTAL ; 20: 11429, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39184363

RESUMEN

Introduction: Child abuse pediatrics is an underrepresented area of medical education. To date, the available teaching materials about child abuse in MedEdPORTAL do not address burn injury, and the available materials about burn injury do not address child abuse. We created an interactive, case-based module on abusive pediatric burns to fill this educational gap. Methods: The abusive pediatric burns module was presented to a hybrid audience at a 45-minute emergency medicine grand rounds at Mayo Clinic. Participants completed a pre- and postmodule assessment to measure their confidence and knowledge pertaining to abusive pediatric burns. Results: Fifty-six attendees, from an audience primarily composed of emergency medicine physicians but also including some multidisciplinary individuals, participated in the module. The median confidence level in assessing pediatric burns for abuse showed a modest increase from 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2-6) to 6 (IQR: 5-8), and the proportion of participants answering knowledge questions correctly increased for every question: 18% versus 45%, 41% versus 100%, 59% versus 84%, and 72% versus 100%. Qualitative feedback from the audience was favorable. Discussion: This interactive, case-based module about abusive pediatric burns was successfully administered to an audience at emergency medicine grand rounds. Increases in confidence and knowledge were observed, and positive qualitative feedback was received.


Asunto(s)
Quemaduras , Maltrato a los Niños , Curriculum , Pediatría , Humanos , Pediatría/educación , Niño , Médicos/psicología , Competencia Clínica/normas , Medicina de Emergencia/educación
20.
R I Med J (2013) ; 107(9): 26-29, 2024 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39186399

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a pivotal diagnostic tool for emergent conditions, yet the variable proficiency of emergency physicians (EPs) poses challenges. Inadequate skills may lead to care delays and suboptimal patient evaluation. This manuscript explores an innovative educational intervention deploying a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) credentialed sonographer educator (SE) in a large academic Emergency Department (ED). We sought to evaluate the feasibility of using a SE to address POCUS skills deficiencies and attrition. METHODS: The study involved 26 EPs voluntarily participating in hands-on training with the SE between July 2021-June 2022. The educational sessions addressed machine operation, image acquisition, image interpretation, and electronic medical record documentation of POCUS results. Subjects who consented completed a survey on their comfort level with POCUS before and after the intervention.  Results: Survey data indicated increased comfort and competence among participants with basic machine operation, resident POCUS supervision, and ordering and documenting POCUS exams. Post-training, 44% of providers reported performing more POCUS exams, 44% reported documenting their POCUS in the EMR more often clinically, 57% were more likely to encourage residents to perform scans, and 14% were more likely to perform a POCUS before ordering a comprehensive ultrasound. The study also observed an increase in the number of scans performed post-intervention (more than double). The SE intervention addressed challenges such as resource limitations, and feedback from participants highlighted the program's positive impact, particularly in reducing intimidation and fostering a desire for further training. While self-reported data and limited survey completion pose limitations, the increase in POCUS scans and positive feedback underscore the intervention's potential.  Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and initial impact of integrating a SE into an academic ED setting. Further research is warranted to assess the specific effects on provider comfort and clinical decision-making with POCUS. The findings support the value of a dedicated SE in enhancing EPs' POCUS proficiency, promoting ongoing education, and ultimately improving patient care.


Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Sistemas de Atención de Punto , Ultrasonografía , Humanos , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Femenino , Estudios de Factibilidad , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
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