RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The standard treatment for canine and feline meningiomas includes radiotherapy, surgical excision or combined therapy. However, new therapeutic approaches are required due to the possible recurrence or progression of meningiomas despite initial therapy. Adjunctive therapy with synthetic long-acting somatostatin (SST) analogues has been described in humans with SST-expressing tumours. The expression of SST receptors (SSTRs) by feline meningiomas is currently unknown, and there are little data about canine meningiomas. We hypothesized that SSTR is expressed by canine and feline meningiomas (S1). METHODS: Seven canines and 11 felines with histologically confirmed meningiomas underwent STTR screening. RNA expressions of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 (canine) and SSTR1-SSTR 5 (feline) in fresh frozen and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were investigated using real-time (RT)-qPCR. The expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 in FFPE samples was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The specificity of applied antibodies for canine and feline species was confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS: In canine meningiomas (n = 7), RNA expression of SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR5 was detected in all samples; SSTR3 RNA expression was detected in only 33% of samples. In feline meningiomas (n = 12), RNA expression of SSTR1, SSTR4, SSTR5 and SSTR2 was detected in 91%, 46%, 46% and 36% of samples, respectively; SSTR3 was not expressed. Overall, the detection rate was lower in FFPE samples. IHC revealed the expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 in all samples from both species. However, it is important to exercise caution when interpreting IHC results due to the presence of diffuse background staining. CONCLUSIONS: SSTRs are widely expressed in canine and feline meningiomas, thereby encouraging further studies investigating SSTR expression to conduct trials about the effect of adjunctive therapy with long-acting SST-analogues.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Meningioma , Receptores de Somatostatina , Receptores de Somatostatina/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatostatina/genética , Animales , Perros , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Gatos/genética , Meningioma/veterinaria , Meningioma/metabolismo , Meningioma/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Meníngeas/genética , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for feline intracranial meningioma. OBJECTIVES: To report clinical findings, complications, and outcomes following surgery for feline intracranial meningioma. METHODS: Medical records (01/2000-01/2017) of cats that underwent surgical excision of an intracranial meningioma at our institution were reviewed. Patient data included signalment, clinical signs, surgical technique, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, survival time, and owners' answers to a satisfaction questionnaire. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS: Twenty-six cats were included in this study. The exact cause of death was known in 17 cases and was not related to meningioma in 9/17 cases. Overall median survival time was 881 days (95% confidence interval 518; 1248). The age of the cat did not influence survival (p = 0.94) or the occurrence of complications (p = 0.051). Complications occurred in 13/24 cats, including dramatic complications in 4/24 cats. Most complications appeared in the first 24 hours post-surgery (12/13). Males had more postoperative complications (p = 0.042), including more seizures (p = 0.016). Cats with cranioplasty had fewer complications (p = 0.021). Clinical recurrence was confirmed in 3 out of 17 cats. Recurrence-free survival time was 826 days. Most owners (12/14) were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of intracranial meningioma in cats was associated with a long median survival time but also with a high rate of minor and major postoperative complications, including early postoperative seizures. Cranioplasty may reduce complications. Age at the time of surgery had no effect on outcomes.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Masculino , Gatos , Animales , Meningioma/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Convulsiones/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugíaRESUMEN
Meningiomas are the most common feline primary brain tumours, and calvarial hyperostosis (CH) is frequently documented in association with this neoplastic entity. The clinical significance of and mechanisms driving the formation of CH in cats with meningiomas are poorly understood, although tumour invasion into the skull and tumour production of cytokines and enzymes have been implicated as causes of CH in humans. This retrospective study investigated relationships between signalment, MRI or CT imaging features, histopathologic tumour characteristics, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme concentrations, tumour expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and progression free survival times (PFS) following surgical treatment in 27 cats with meningiomas with (n = 15) or without (n = 12) evidence of CH. No significant differences in breed, age, sex, body weight, tumour grade, tumour volume, peritumoral edema burden, ALP isoenzyme concentrations, tumour Ki-67 labelling indices or MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression and activity, or PFS were noted between cats with or without CH. There was a trend towards higher serum (p = .06) and intratumoral (p = .07) concentrations of IL-6 in cats with CH, but these comparisons were not statistically significant. Histologic evidence of tumour invasion into bone was observed in 5/12 (42%) with CH and in no (0/6) cats without CH, although this was not statistically significant (p = .07). Tumour invasion into bone and tumour production of IL-6 may contribute to the formation of meningioma associated CH in cats, although larger studies are required to further substantiate these findings and determine their clinical relevance.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Hiperostosis , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Animales , Meningioma/veterinaria , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/patología , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Hiperostosis/veterinaria , Hiperostosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperostosis/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patología , Neoplasias Meníngeas/metabolismo , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cráneo/patología , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMEN
A 26-y-old, male, captive Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) was euthanized following a 3.5-mo history of weakened elimination mechanics, recurrent tenesmus, intermittent hemorrhagic droppings, and a cloacal mass. Blepharospasm, of unknown cause, of the right eye was present for ~3 mo before euthanasia. Autopsy revealed a cloacal adenocarcinoma with localized coelomic carcinomatosis and distant metastases to the liver and lungs. On histopathology, a 2.6 × 1.2 × 0.5-mm, well-demarcated mass was found surrounding the right optic nerve, expanding the subdural space and wrapping the leptomeninges. The mass was composed of neoplastic spindle-to-polygonal cells consistent with a meningioma, meningothelial subtype. No evidence of neoplasia was found in the optic chiasm or brain, indicating a primary retrobulbar meningioma. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, and S100 revealed robust and consistent immunoreactivity to vimentin, and weak and variable immunoreactivity to cytokeratin and S100, supporting the diagnosis. Meningiomas have been described only rarely in avian species, and we found no reports of optic nerve meningiomas in any avian species to date. The optic nerve meningioma in this case was considered a clinically incidental finding.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Spheniscidae , Masculino , Animales , Meningioma/veterinaria , Meningioma/patología , Vimentina , Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Nervio Óptico/patología , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patología , QueratinasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report clinical features and outcomes of cats undergoing either stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or surgical excision for the treatment of intracranial meningioma. ANIMALS: 61 client-owned cats. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed of cats with intracranial meningiomas that were treated with surgical removal and/or SRT between 2005 and 2017. Signalment, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, diagnostic imaging reports, histopathology reports, treatment protocol, complications, recurrence or progression, and survival time were obtained from the medical record and through follow-up phone calls. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients, 46 had surgery, 14 had SRT, and 1 had surgery followed by SRT for initial treatment. Significantly more cats that underwent surgery had peritreatment complications compared to the SRT group (P < .0001). Cats that received surgery initially had a significantly longer median survival time (MST) of 1,345 days compared to the MST of 339 days for the SRT cats (P = .002). Fourteen (30%) cats in the surgery group and 4 cats in the SRT group (28%) had MRI- or CT-confirmed tumor regrowth or new tumor growth (P = 1.00). Five cases that had SRT for subsequent recurrence had an MST of 700 days (range, 335 to 1,460 days) after the last treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SRT proved to be a safe, alternative treatment option for feline patients with intracranial meningiomas; however, the survival times with surgery alone were significantly longer. SRT for the treatment of recurrence following initial surgery may show promising results.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Radiocirugia , Humanos , Gatos , Animales , Meningioma/radioterapia , Meningioma/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Radiocirugia/veterinaria , Radiocirugia/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades de los Gatos/radioterapia , Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugíaRESUMEN
As advanced treatments are becoming increasingly feasible in veterinary medicine, the evaluation of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of treated animals is becoming more relevant. We evaluated owner-perceived HRQOL of 10 dogs that underwent craniotomy for meningioma resection between 2002 and 2022 at our institution through telephone interview. For this purpose, we developed a disease-specific questionnaire containing 52 items (mostly of scoring nature) patterned after previously validated instruments and organised into eight domains. Approval by the Human Ethical Committee and respondents' consent were obtained. We analysed the scores for all domains and dogs. The effect of different variables on the HRQOL score was determined via log-rank test and Pearson correlation. Scores for all included dogs (range, 0-235 points) were totaled, with a higher number of points indicating a better HRQOL. The dogs included in this study yielded a mean score of 200.6 points (range, 176-227 points), implying a good overall quality of life. There were no significant associations between individual parameters and outcomes. Our questionnaire represents a structured tool for the specific evaluation of postoperative HRQOL in dogs with meningioma, placing a minimal burden on respondents. Few instruments have been developed to assess animal welfare in a disease-specific context. Implementing these tools, however, is essential to accurately evaluate not only the impact of treatments on biologic parameters, but also their implications on patient welfare. Thus, treatment plans may consider HRQOL for a more comprehensive clinical decision-making process.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Perros , Animales , Meningioma/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Calidad de Vida , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinariaRESUMEN
Meningioma is the most common tumor of the cranium in dogs and an important differential diagnosis for a potentially treatable disease that can be found in the periorbital tissues. The objective of this retrospective, case series study was to describe the CT, MRI, and US characteristics of confirmed retrobulbar meningiomas in a group of dogs. Medical records from multiple institutions were searched for canine patients with CT, MRI, and/or US imaging of a cytologically or histologically confirmed retrobulbar meningioma. Fifteen dogs met the inclusion criteria. Retrobulbar meningiomas typically appeared as a relatively well-defined conical to ovoid mass within the retrobulbar space, most often along the optic nerve and expanding the extraocular muscle cone. On CT, masses were predominantly soft tissue attenuating and variably heterogeneously contrast enhancing. While MRI features were variable, moderate to marked contrast enhancement was seen in all cases. Many of the tumors had evidence of partial mineralization, best appreciated on CT in nine patients, but also suspected based on susceptibility artifacts in three MRI cases, one of which was confirmed on CT. Regional osteolysis was a rare finding, noted in three cases, but was often accompanied by cranial cavity extension (2/3). Cranial cavity extension was also seen in the absence of regional osteolysis, identified in a total of six patients. On US, masses were echogenic and compressed the globe. The findings were consistent with previous gross and histologic descriptions and supported prioritizing retrobulbar meningioma as a differential diagnosis for dogs with the described imaging characteristics.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Osteólisis , Humanos , Perros , Animales , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Osteólisis/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the postoperative quality of life (QOL) after surgery for the treatment of intracranial meningioma in cats. METHODS: The study included 14 cases that underwent craniotomy from May 2009 to March 2021. Owners were contacted via telephone after a median time of 967 (range 227-4209) days after surgery and surveyed with a specially designed questionnaire that consisted of three domains, subdivided into different items. Physical behaviour, including general condition, food intake, mobility and overall impression, was evaluated from 0, reflecting the worst status, to 10, reflecting the best. The development of preoperative existing clinical signs, seizures and concurrent medication were evaluated individually for each patient. The time span necessary for the improvement of each item was recorded. Finally, satisfaction about the decision for surgery was ranked from 0 to 10. RESULTS: Thirteen questionnaires were completed. Three cats were evaluated twice owing to revision surgery. Owners reported a statistically significant (P <0.001) improvement from immediately after the operation to 240 days after surgery. Preoperative clinical signs resolved in 95% of cases. All questioned owners would opt for surgery again. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: QOL after surgery for intracranial meningioma in cats seems encouraging regarding our study. Nevertheless, limitations, such as small sample size, recall bias, lack of a control group and validation of the questionnaire, need to be kept in mind when interpreting the results.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Gatos , Animales , Meningioma/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Calidad de Vida , Convulsiones/veterinaria , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugíaRESUMEN
Feline meningiomas usually have benign biological behavior, while canine and human meningiomas are often classified as grade 2 or 3. Activation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor signal pathway through PDGFß/Rß autocrine and paracrine is considered to play an important role in the tumor proliferation and malignant transformation of human meningiomas. However, there have been few studies about the expression of these molecules in canine meningiomas and no studies about their expression in feline meningiomas. We analyzed the PDGFα/Rα and PDGFß/Rß expression in canine and feline meningiomas by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Immunohistochemically, most canine meningiomas showed the expression of PDGFα (42/44; 95.5%), PDGFRα (44/44; 100%) and PDGFRß (35/44; 79.5%), and a few showed the expression of PDGFß (8/44; 18.2%). In contrast, feline meningiomas were immunopositive for PDGFRα and PDGFRß in all cases (14/14; 100%), while no or a few cases expressed PDGFα (0/14; 0%) and PDGFß (2/14; 14.3%). Western blotting revealed specific bands for PDGFα, PDGFRα and PDGFRß, but not for PDGFß in a canine meningioma. In a feline meningioma, specific bands for PDGFRα and PDGFRß were detected, but not for PDGFα and PDGFß. These results suggested that canine meningiomas commonly express PDGFα/Rα, and thus autocrine or paracrine PDGFα/Rα signaling may be involved in their initiation and progression. Moreover, PDGF negativity may be related to benign biological behavior and a low histopathological grade in feline meningioma.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Humanos , Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Meningioma/veterinaria , Receptor alfa de Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologíaRESUMEN
Canine meningiomas are currently graded using the human grading system. Recently published guidelines have adapted the human grading system for use in dogs. The goal of this study was to validate the new guidelines for canine meningiomas. To evaluate the inter-observer agreement, 5 veterinary surgical pathologists graded 158 canine meningiomas following the human grading system alone or with the new guidelines. The inter-observer agreement for histologic grade and each of the grading criteria (mitotic grade, invasion, spontaneous necrosis, macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity, pattern loss and anaplasia) was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa index. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) was assessed by comparing the diagnoses obtained with the 2 grading systems with a consensus grade (considered the reference classification). The consensus histologic grade was obtained by agreement between 4 experienced veterinary neuropathologists following the guidelines. Compared with the human grading alone, the canine-specific guidelines increased the inter-observer agreement for: histologic grade (κ = 0.52); invasion (κ = 0.67); necrosis (κ = 0.62); small cells (κ = 0.36); pattern loss (κ = 0.49) and anaplasia (κ = 0.55). Mitotic grade agreement remained substantial (κ = 0.63). The guidelines improved the sensitivity in identifying grade 1 (95.6%) and the specificity in identifying grade 2 (96.2%) meningiomas. In conclusion, the new grading guidelines for canine meningiomas are associated with an overall improvement in the inter-observer agreement and higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Perros , Animales , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/veterinaria , Meningioma/patología , Anaplasia/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patología , Necrosis/veterinaria , Estándares de Referencia , Clasificación del TumorRESUMEN
We describe the clinical and pathological features of a brain collision tumour consisting of a fibrous meningioma and an anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in a 14-year-old male neutered French Bulldog. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a poorly defined, intra-axial lesion affecting the left frontal lobe. Following euthanasia, histological examination showed an anaplastic oligoastrocytoma invading the brain parenchyma and an adjacent fibrous meningioma. As synchronous intracranial tumours are rare in animals, the aims of this report are to describe the clinical, imaging and histopathological features of an intracranial collision tumour in a dog and highlight the importance of a complete histopathological study despite the imaging findings.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Glioma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples , Masculino , Animales , Perros , Meningioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Glioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patologíaRESUMEN
A 6-year-old female spayed Great Dane was evaluated for acute onset cluster seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a mass in the olfactory bulbs with a large mucoid component caudal to the primary mass. The mass was removed via transfrontal craniotomy and histopathology revealed a tyrosine crystalline-rich, fibrous meningioma with a high mitotic index. Repeat MRI at 6 months showed no detectable tumor regrowth. The dog is clinically normal with no seizures at the time of publication 10 months after surgery. This meningioma subtype is rare in humans. This unique meningioma occurred in a dog of younger age and uncommon breed for intracranial meningioma. Biological progression of this tumor subtype is unknown; however, growth rate might be slow despite the high mitotic index.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Femenino , Animales , Perros , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Convulsiones/veterinaria , Craneotomía/métodos , Craneotomía/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Tirosina , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugíaRESUMEN
The "claw sign" is a radiographic sign studied in human imaging to determine if a mass arises from a solid structure or organ versus a close adjacent location, resulting in distortion of the outline of an organ. We investigated its utility in characterizing MRI axial localization of peripherally located intracranial glioma versus meningioma, due to their overlap in MRI appearance. This retrospective, secondary analysis, cross-sectional study aimed to report the sensitivity, specificity, and inter- and intraobserver variabilities using kappa statistics, hypothesizing that the claw sign will have strong inter- and intraobserver agreement (κ > 0.8). Dogs with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of peripherally located glioma or meningioma and available 3T MRI data were retrieved from medical record archives from 2009 to 2021. A total of 27 cases, 11 glioma and 16 meningioma, were included. The postcontrast T1-weighted images were provided to five blinded image evaluators in two separate randomized sessions separated by a 6-week wash out period. Prior to the first evaluation, evaluators were provided with a training video and set of training cases for the "claw sign," which were excluded from the study. Evaluators were asked to rate cases as "positive," "negative," or "indeterminate" for the "claw sign." The sensitivity and specificity for the "claw sign" for the first session were 85.5% and 80%, respectively. The interobserver agreement for identifying the "claw sign" was moderate (κ = 0.48), and the intraobserver agreement across the two sessions was substantial (κ = 0.72). These findings indicate the claw sign is supportive but not pathognomonic for intra-axial localization in cases of canine glioma on MRI.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Glioma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Animales , Perros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Meningioma/veterinaria , Estudios Transversales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/veterinaria , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this retrospective, secondary analysis study was to quantify the dosimetric impact of the lack of interobserver agreement on gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation for canine meningioma. This study used a previously reported population of 13 dogs with GTVs contoured on CT alone and on registered CT-MR by 18 radiation oncologists. The "true" GTV was generated for each dog using a simultaneous truth and performance-level estimation algorithm, and "true" brain was defined as the whole brain minus true GTV. Treatment plans were generated for each dog and observer combination, using criteria applied to the observer's GTV and brain contours. Plans were then categorized as a pass (met all planning criteria for true GTV and true brain) or fail. A mixed-effects linear regression was performed to examine differences in metrics between CT and CT-MR plans and mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to examine differences in percentages of pass/fail between CT and CT-MRI plans. The mean percent coverage of true GTV by prescribed dose was higher for CT-MR plans than for CT plans (mean difference 5.9%; 95% CI, 3.7-8.0; P < 0.001). There was no difference in the mean volume of true brain receiving ≥24 Gy and in maximum true brain dose between CT plans and CT-MR plans (P ≥ 0.198). CT-MR plans were significantly more likely to pass the criteria for true GTV and true brain than CT plans (OR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.02-3.01; P = 0.044). This study demonstrated significant dosimetric impact when GTV contouring was performed on CT alone compared with CT-MR.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Perros , Animales , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/radioterapia , Meningioma/veterinaria , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/veterinaria , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Meníngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Carga Tumoral , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/radioterapiaRESUMEN
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
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Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central , Ependimoma , Glioma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Oligodendroglioma , Gatos , Animales , Astrocitoma/veterinaria , Ependimoma/diagnóstico , Ependimoma/veterinaria , Glioma/patología , Glioma/veterinaria , Meningioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinaria , Oligodendroglioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can be assessed quantitatively using advanced imaging analysis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Quantification and characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) patterns in dogs with brain tumors can provide useful information about tumor biology and assist in distinguishing between gliomas and meningiomas. ANIMALS: Seventy-eight hospitalized dogs with brain tumors and 12 control dogs without brain tumors. METHODS: In a 2-arm study, images from a prospective dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE; n = 15) and a retrospective archived magnetic resonance imaging study (n = 63) were analyzed by DCE and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) to quantify BBB permeability in affected dogs relative to control dogs (n = 6 in each arm). For the SEA method, 2 ranges of postcontrast intensity differences, that is, high (HR) and low (LR), were evaluated as possible representations of 2 classes of BBB leakage. BBB score was calculated for each dog and was associated with clinical characteristics and tumor location and class. Permeability maps were generated, using the slope values (DCE) or intensity difference (SEA) of each voxel, and analyzed. RESULTS: Distinctive patterns and distributions of BBBD were identified for intra- and extra-axial tumors. At a cutoff of 0.1, LR/HR BBB score ratio yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% in differentiating gliomas from meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Blood-brain barrier dysfunction quantification using advanced imaging analyses has the potential to be used for assessment of brain tumor characteristics and behavior and, particularly, to help differentiating gliomas from meningiomas.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Glioma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Perros , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Barrera Hematoencefálica/patología , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicaciones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/veterinaria , Glioma/complicaciones , Neoplasias Meníngeas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patología , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Medios de Contraste , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Meningioma is the most frequent intracranial neoplasm in cats. Here we describe the first case of chordoid meningioma (CM), a rare grade II meningioma subtype, in a 5.5-year-old European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from a Swiss zoo. The wildcat was found dead after a clinical history of neurological signs and clinical suspicion of a carcinoma in the right external ear canal with concurrent chronic otitis. Post-mortem examination revealed a large intracranial, extra-axial and intradural neoplasm that invaded into the right ear canal and had histological features compatible with CM, which has been only reported in humans and dogs. Neoplastic cells expressed vimentin but were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 and pancytokeratin. Immunohistochemistry revealed epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression in neoplastic cells. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence of EMA expression in feline meningioma.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Felis , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Gatos , Animales , Humanos , Perros , Meningioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Felis/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Perros , Animales , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinaria , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matrix protein involved in tumour initiation and progression. In human meningioma, OPN has been correlated with World Health Organization (WHO) grade, brain invasion and recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate OPN as a possible malignancy marker in canine meningioma by correlating its expression to WHO grade and proliferative activity as measured by the Ki-67 labelling index (LI). Thirty-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine meningioma samples were classified according to the current human WHO classification. Evaluation of OPN expression was performed by immunohistochemical (IHC) labelling and calculation of the OPN intensity score (IS), OPN IHC score and Allred score. The scores were compared with WHO grades, Ki-67 LI, location and invasiveness. Nineteen meningiomas were graded as WHO grade I (54.3%), nine as grade II (25.7%) and seven as grade III (20.0%). Twenty-six tumours were located intracranially, four were retrobulbar and five were spinal meningiomas. In all specimens OPN expression was detected in moderate to high degrees. Neither the OPN scores nor the Ki-67 LIs were correlated with WHO grades. However, the OPN IS and OPN IHC score were significantly higher in WHO grade I samples compared with grade II samples (P <0.05). The OPN IS and OPN IHC score were significantly lower in meningioma samples that invaded surrounding tissues (P = 0.01 and 0.019, respectively). The results indicate a generally high expression of OPN in canine meningioma independent of WHO grade. Further research into the role of OPN as a possible therapeutic target or predictor of recurrence is warranted.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Animales , Perros , Meningioma/veterinaria , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinaria , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
A 6-year-old female spayed German Shepherd mixed-breed dog was presented for treatment of a frontal lobe mass diagnosed on MRI, after an acute onset of generalized seizures and behavior changes. Computed tomography of the head was performed for radiation therapy planning and revealed concurrent cribriform plate lysis without nasal sinus invasion, and focal lysis of the left ventrolateral cranial fossa. Histopathology of the mass obtained via surgical excision was consistent with a grade I fibrous meningioma. The dog had a good outcome following surgery and radiation therapy.