RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel phytoestrogen, α-Zearalanol, on Alzheimer's disease-related memory impairment and neuronal oxidation in ovariectomized mice. METHODS: Female C57/BL6 mice were ovariectomized or received sham operations and treatment with equivalent doses of 17β-estradiol or α-Zearalanol for 8 weeks. Their spatial learning and memory were analyzed using the Morris water maze test. The antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species generation, neuronal DNA oxidation, and MutT homolog 1 expression in the hippocampus were measured. RESULTS: Treatment with 17β-estradiol or α-Zearalanol significantly improved spatial learning and memory performance in ovariectomized mice. In addition, 17β-estradiol and α-Zearalanol attenuated the decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and increased reactive oxygen species production in ovariectomized mice. The findings indicated a significant elevation in hippocampi neuronal DNA oxidation and reduction in MutT homolog 1 expression in estrogen-deficient mice, but supplementation with 17β-estradiol or α-Zearalanol efficaciously ameliorated this situation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that α-Zearalanol is potentially beneficial for improving memory impairments and neuronal oxidation damage in a manner similar to that of 17β-estradiol. Therefore, the compound may be a potential therapeutic agent that can ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders related to estrogen deficiency. .
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Estradiol/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Ovariectomía , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoestrógenos/uso terapéutico , Zeranol/análogos & derivados , Western Blotting , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/análisis , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Zeranol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Se realizó una investigación de Campo de Tipo Descriptiva Correlacional y de corte transversal para determinar el estado nutricional, consumo de lácteos y niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo, y fosfatasas alcalinas en escolares del 1er, 3er y 5to grado de la U.E "Rafael Antonio González" de la comunidad de Mesa Bolívar en el año 2007. La población estuvo conformada por la matricula escolar de 171 estudiantes. Se determinó la muestra con el método estratificado aleatorio simple, obteniéndose 47% de la matricula escolar, correspondiendo 80 niños distribuidos por grado: 21 niños en 1ero, 28 en 3ero y 31 en 5to, en edades comprendidas entre 6 a 12 años. Se determinó la cantidad y la frecuencia de consumo de productos lácteos para lo cual, se diseñó un cuestionario "ad hoc" contentivo de 10 ítems relacionados con la frecuencia de consumo, cantidad y tipo de lácteos. Se realizó evaluación nutricional a través de la Combinación de Indicadores (Peso para la Talla y Talla para la Edad) utilizando las tablas de Evaluación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se determinaron los valores séricos de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasas alcalinas. Los escolares presentan 32,6% de malnutrición; tanto los niños (6-10 años y 11-12 años) como las niñas (8-12 años) presentaron un porcentaje de adecuación diario de calcio bajo (77,16%, 28,57% y 38,96%) respectivamente y 60% tienen hipocalcemia. Existe significancia estadística entre los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo con el consumo diario promedio de calcio (p 0,05 y p 0,04). No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre el consumo de productos lácteos y el estado nutricional de los escolares. El estado nutricional de los escolares no depende del consumo diario de productos lácteos, sin embargo, dicho consumo si afecta los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo(AU)
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational field research was conducted in order to determine the nutritional status, consumption of milk and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in students of 1st, 3rd and 5th grades of the "Rafael Antonio Gonzalez "school in Mesa Bolívar in 2007. The population consisted of 171 students. We determined the sample with a simple random stratified method, yielding 47% of school enrollment, corresponding to 80 children distributed by grade: 21 children in 1st, 28 in 3rd, 31 in 5th, aged 6 to 12 years old. The amount and frequency of consumption of dairy products, with an "ad hoc" questionnaire designed containing 10 items related to the frequency of consumption, quantity and type of dairy product. Nutritional assessment was carried out by means of the combination of indicators (weight for height and height for age) using the tables of evaluation of the World Health Organization. Values were determined in serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. The students had 32,6% of malnutrition, both boys (6-10 years and 11-12 years) and girls (8-12 years) had an adequate percentage of low calcium daily intake(77.16%, 28. 57% and 38.96%, respectively) and 60% had hypocalcemia. There is statistical significance between serum calcium and phosphorus with an average daily intake of calcium (p 0.05 and p 0.04). There was no statistically significant relationship between dairy products consumption and nutritional status of schoolchildren. The nutritional status of schoolchildren does not depend on daily consumption of dairy products, however, that consumption does affect serum calcium and phosphorus(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Fósforo/análisis , Calcio/análisis , Estado Nutricional , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/administración & dosificación , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/análisis , Productos Lácteos , Desarrollo Óseo , Salud Infantil , Nutrición, Alimentación y DietaRESUMEN
The stepwise release of phosphate from phytate, the major storage form of phosphate in plant seeds and pollen, is initiated by a class of enzymes that have been collectively called phytases. The classification is solely due to the in vitro capability of these enzymes to accept phytate as a substrate. Phytases have been studied intensively in recent years because of the great interest in such enzymes for reducing phytate content in animal feed and food for human consumption. They have a wide distribution in plants, microorganisms, and in some animal tissues. Due to several biological characteristics, such as substrate specificity, resistance to proteolysis and catalytic efficiency, bacterial phytases have considerable potential in commercial applications. In bacteria, phytase is an inducible enzyme and its expression is subjected to a complex regulation, but phytase formation is not controlled uniformly among different bacteria. It was suggested that phytase is not required for balanced growth of bacterial cells, but may be synthesised in response to a nutrient or energy limitation.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Enzimas , Técnicas In Vitro , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/análisis , MétodosRESUMEN
A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, de natureza autoimune, caracterizada pela infiltração e ativação de células inflamatórias no tecido sinovial de múltiplas articulações. O metotrexato (MTX) é muito utilizado na terapia da AR, apresentando atividade antiinflamatória e imunomoduladora, atuando sobre a proliferação celular na sinóvia e inibindo a migração de leucócitos e a produção de radicais superóxidos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo sistemático dos efeitos do MTX, da CQ e da associação MTX+CQ sobre a resposta inflamatória, e sobre a atividade de enzimas (fosfatases e transaminases) no plasma e no fígado de ratos, utilizando o modelo da artrite induzida por adjuvante. A artrite foi induzida em ratos Holtzman pela injeção intradérmica de 0,1 mL da suspensão de M. tuberculosis em óleo mineral em uma das patas posteriores do animal. O desenvolvimento da resposta inflamatória (edema das patas posteriores e anteriores, aparecimento de nódulos na cauda e nas orelhas, perfil hematológico e evolução do peso corporal) foi avaliado por um período de 21 dias. Grupos de animais foram tratados com: a) MTX, administrado semanalmente, via intraperitonial, nas doses de 0,15; 1,5; 3; 6 e 12 mg/Kg; b) CQ, administrada por via intragástrica, diariamente, nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/Kg e c) associação MTX+CQ, administrada em duas combinações diferentes (MTX1,5 mg/kg+CQ50 mg/Kg e MTX6 mg/kg+CQ50 mg/Kg). Os tratamentos foram iniciados no mesmo dia da indução da artrite. No final do período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados e o sangue e o fígado coletados e preparados para as determinações bioquímicas. A atividade de fosfatases (ácida e alcalina) e de transaminases (aspartato amino transferase e alanina amino transferase) no plasma e no fígado foram determinadas, assim como a concentração plasmática de creatinina. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que o MTX nas doses de 6 e 12 mg/Kg reduziu...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Artritis Experimental , Cloroquina , Metotrexato , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/análisis , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/efectos adversos , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/toxicidad , Transaminasas , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , HiperlipidemiasRESUMEN
Ultrastructural cytochemical techniques were used for the localization of phosphatases in spermatid and spermatozoon, as well as in Sertoli cells of Odontophrynus cultripes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Acid phosphatase was found in the acrosome. Thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi cisternae and in the tail spermatozoon surface. Glucose-6-phosphatase was located in the membrane complex of the acrosomal region. Already, in the Sertoli cells acid phosphatase was located in the lysosomes and glucose-6-phosphatase was observed in association with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. These observations support the idea that various phosphatases may play some role in spermatid differentiation and in the interactions germ cells--Sertoli cells during spermiogenesis process