RESUMEN
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as the effective anti-cancer drug was used for the treatment of Crohn's disease and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but the response to maintenance therapy was variable with individual differences. In order to control the dosage and decrease the side effects of 6-MP, a sensitive and stable assay was urgently needed for 6-MP monitoring. Herein, RuZn NPs with electrochemical oxidation property and oxidase-like activity was proposed for dual-mode 6-MP monitoring. Burr-like RuZn NPs were prepared and explored to not only exhibit an electrochemical oxidation signal at 0.78 V, but also displayed excellent oxidase-like performances. RuZn NPs were utilized for the dual-mode monitoring of 6-MP, attributing to the formation of Ru-SH covalent bonding. The colorimetric method showed good linearity from 10 µM to 5 mM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 300 nM, while the electrochemical method provided a higher sensitivity with the LOD of 37 nM in range from 100 nM to 200 µM. This work provided a new way for the fabrication of dual-functional nanotags with electroactivity and oxidase-like property, and opened a dual-mode approach for the 6-MP detection applications with complementary and satisfactory results.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Compuestos de Rutenio/química , Compuestos de Zinc/química , Electrones , Oxidación-Reducción , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Antineoplásicos/químicaRESUMEN
As a biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is valuable for detecting some tumors in men, non-pregnant women, and children. However, the detection sensitivity in some methods needs to be improved. Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and sensitive detection method for AFP is important for non-malignant diseases. An aptamer binding was developed based on aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) nanosphere labeled with Fe3O4@MPTMS@AuNPs. AFP was detected with a sandwich structure of AuNPs magnetic composite particles. An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule and polystyrene (PS) nanosphere complex were assembled, enhancing the fluorescence and improving the sensitivity of detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was at a given level of 1.429 pg/mL, which can best be achieved in serum samples. Finally, the results obtained showed the complex to be promising in practical applications.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanocompuestos , Nanosferas , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis , alfa-Fetoproteínas/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Oligonucleótidos/química , Nanosferas/química , Nanosferas/ultraestructura , Nanocompuestos/química , Nanocompuestos/ultraestructura , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/ultraestructura , Oro/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Antibiotics are now considered as emerging environmental pollutants due to their persistent nature and continuous exposure through irrigation with wastewater contaminated with antibiotics. The aim of present study was to assess the potential of nanoparticles for the photodegradation of antibiotics and subsequent stress alleviation via Titania oxide (TiO2) application for improvement in crop productivity and quality in terms of the nutritional composition. In the first phase, different nanoparticles, TiO2, Zinc oxide (ZnO), and Iron oxide (Fe2O3) with varying concentrations (40-60 mg L-1) and time-periods (1-9 days) were tested to degrade amoxicillin (Amx) and levofloxacin (Lev) @ 5 mg L-1 under the visible light. Results indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles (50 mg L-1) were the most effective nanoparticles for the removal of both antibiotics with maximum degradation of 65% and 56% for Amx and Lev, respectively, on the 7th day. In the second phase, a pot experiment was conducted in which TiO2 (50 mg L-1) was applied individually and along with antibiotics (5 mg L-1) in order to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on stress alleviation for growth promotion of wheat exposed to antibiotics. Plant biomass was reduced by Amx (58.7%) and Lev (68.4%) significantly (p < 0.05) when compared to the control. However, co-application of TiO2 and antibiotics improved the total iron (34.9% and 42%), carbohydrate (33% and 31%), and protein content (36% and 33%) in grains under Amx and Lev stress, respectively. The highest plant length, grain weight, and nutrient uptake were observed upon application of TiO2 nanoparticles alone. Total iron, carbohydrates, and proteins in grains were significantly increased by 52%, 38.5%, and 40%, respectively compared to the control (with antibiotics). The findings highlight the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles for stress alleviation, growth, and nutritional improvement under antibiotic stress upon irrigation with contaminated wastewater.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Amoxicilina , Levofloxacino , Nanopartículas del Metal , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Agricultura/métodos , Pakistán , Triticum/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Luz Solar , Óxido de Zinc/química , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Hierro/química , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Hierro/ultraestructura , Amoxicilina/química , Levofloxacino/química , Purificación del Agua/métodosRESUMEN
Due to the misuse of antibiotics, the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) has caused serious infections and become more difficult to deal with. Here we propose to synthesise copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using a cell-free filter of Streptomyces rochei to enhance antibiotics activity against (MDRSA) and kill them. Characterisation of CuO-NPs using ultraviolet, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and X-ray diffraction, were investigated. The antibacterial action of the CuO-NPs was tested against standard strain and clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion method and the microdilution assay. The results showed the monodispersed spherical shape CuO-NPs with a mean diameter of 10.7 nm and were found to be active against (MDRSA). By a combination of CuO-NPs with different antibiotics, the highest synergistic effect was observed with cefoxitin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reduced to 6.5 for CuO-NPs, and 19.5 for cefoxitin. Time-kill assay showed the highest reduction in log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml of initial inoculum of MRSA after 24 h. The HFB-4 cells cultured in the presence of CuO-NPs showed normal morphology with 100% viability at 8 µg/ml. TEM showed that combination (1/4 MIC cefoxitin +1/16 MIC CuO-NPs) highly damages bacterial cells' shape. The biosynthesis CuO-NPs showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus suggesting a promising alternative in clinical.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Agar/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cefoxitina/farmacología , Cobre/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Óxidos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
Oilseed crop diseases are a major concern around the world, particularly in India. The synthetic fungicides not only kill the pathogen, but they also harm the host plant and beneficial microbes and on continuous usage, they decrease the soil fertility. To overcome this problem, green nanotechnology has been a greater alternative with promising benefits. The green synthesized nanoparticles from the extract of various plant parts are an effective remedy for killing the pathogens without affecting the host plants and the environment. Hence, in our study silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare) extract. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopic analysis. The in vitro antifungal study was carried out and revealed that the nanoparticles had high efficacy against the isolated phytopathogen Nigrospora oryzae which causes tikka disease in Arachis hypogaea plants. Hence, F. vulgare seed nanoparticles can be used as an effective alternative to synthetic fungicides without causing any deleterious effect on soil microflora or the environment.
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Fungicidas Industriales , Nanopartículas del Metal , Plata/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Arachis , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Suelo , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
Protein complexes perform a diversity of functions in natural biological systems. While computational protein design has enabled the development of symmetric protein complexes with spherical shapes and hollow interiors, the individual subunits often comprise large proteins. Peptides have also been applied to self-assembly, and it is of interest to explore such short sequences as building blocks of large, designed complexes. Coiled-coil peptides are promising subunits as they have a symmetric structure that can undergo further assembly. Here, an α-helical 29-residue peptide that forms a tetrameric coiled coil was computationally designed to assemble into a spherical cage that is approximately 9 nm in diameter and presents an interior cavity. The assembly comprises 48 copies of the designed peptide sequence. The design strategy allowed breaking the side chain conformational symmetry within the peptide dimer that formed the building block (asymmetric unit) of the cage. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques showed that one of the seven designed peptide candidates assembled into individual nanocages of the size and shape. The stability of assembled nanocages was found to be sensitive to the assembly pathway and final solution conditions (pH and ionic strength). The nanocages templated the growth of size-specific Au nanoparticles. The computational design serves to illustrate the possibility of designing target assemblies with pre-determined specific dimensions using short, modular coiled-coil forming peptide sequences.
Asunto(s)
Oro/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Péptidos/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de TransmisiónRESUMEN
Engineered nanoparticles that have distinctive targeted characteristics with high potency are modernistic technological innovations. In the modern era of research, nanotechnology has assumed critical importance due to its vast applications in all fields of science. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles using plants are an alternative to conventional methods. In the present study, Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) was used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). UV-Vis's spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and FTIR were performed to confirm the formation of AuNPs. UV-Vis's spectra showed a characteristic peak at the range of 531.5-541.5 nm. XRD peaks at 2 θ = 38°, 44°, 64° and 77°, corresponding to 111, 200, 220 and 311 planes, confirmed the crystalline nature of AuNPs. Spherical AuNPs ranged mostly between 7 and 33 nm, and were measured using SEM. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phytochemicals on the surface of AuNPs. Successful synthesis of AuNPs by seed extract of Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) as a capping and reducing agent represents the novelty of the present study.
Asunto(s)
Citrullus colocynthis/química , Oro/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Extractos Vegetales/química , Semillas/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
This study aimed at fabricating gold (Au), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs) using various natural plant extracts from the Fertile Crescent area and evaluating their potential application as antioxidant and biocompatible agents to be used in the pharmaceutical field, especially in drug delivery. The Au-NPs were synthesized using Ephedra alata and Pistacia lentiscus extracts, whereas the Fe-NPs and Se-NPs were synthesized using peel, fruit and seed extracts of Punica granatum. The phytofabricated NPs were characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope technique showed that the synthesized NPs surface was spherical, and the particle size analysis confirmed a particle size of 50 nm. The crystalline nature of the NPs was confirmed by the XRD analysis. All synthesized NPs were found to be biocompatible in the fibroblast and human erythroleukemic cell lines. Se-NPs showed a dose-dependent antitumor activity as evidenced from the experimental results with breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. A dose-dependent, free-radical scavenging effect of the Au-NPs and Se-NPs was observed in the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, with the highest effect recorded for Au-NPs.
Asunto(s)
Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Oro/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Hierro/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Selenio/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Bionanotechnology is a branch of science that has revolutionized modern science and technology. Nanomaterials, especially noble metals, have attracted researchers due to their size and application in different branches of sciences that benefit humanity. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using green methods, which are good for the environment, economically viable, and facilitate synthesis. Due to their size and form, gold nanoparticles have become significant. Plant materials are of particular interest in the synthesis and manufacture of theranostic gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have been generated using various materials. On the other hand, chemically produced nanoparticles have several drawbacks in terms of cost, toxicity, and effectiveness. A plant-mediated integration of metallic nanoparticles has been developed in the field of nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks of traditional synthesis, such as physical and synthetic strategies. Nanomaterials' tunable features make them sophisticated tools in the biomedical platform, especially for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics for malignancy, neurodegenerative, and other chronic disorders. Therefore, this review outlines the theranostic approach, the different plant materials utilized in theranostic applications, and future directions based on current breakthroughs in these fields.
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Oro , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanopartículas del Metal , Extractos Vegetales , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Fenómenos Químicos , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Oro/química , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Nanotecnología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through the coprecipitation method and used as nanocarriers for etoricoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor drug) and montelukast (leukotriene product inhibitor drug) in combination therapy. The CuO NPs, free drugs, and nanoformulations were investigated through UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and DLS. SEM imaging showed agglomerated nanorods of CuO NPs of about 87 nm size. The CE1, CE2, and CE6 nanoformulations were investigated through DLS, and their particle sizes were 271, 258, and 254 nm, respectively. The nanoformulations were evaluated through in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo analgesic activity, in vivo anti-pyretic activity, and in vivo acute toxicity activity. In vivo activities were performed on albino mice. BSA denaturation was highly inhibited by CE1, CE2, and CE6 as compared to other nanoformulations in the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The in vivo bioactivities showed that low doses (5 mg/kg) of nanoformulations were more potent than high doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) of free drugs in the inhibition of pain, fever, and inflammation. Lastly, CE2 was more potent than that of other nanoformulations.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/síntesis química , Acetatos/farmacología , Cobre/química , Ciclopropanos/síntesis química , Ciclopropanos/farmacología , Etoricoxib/síntesis química , Etoricoxib/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/farmacología , Sulfuros/síntesis química , Sulfuros/farmacología , Acetatos/química , Analgésicos/síntesis química , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/síntesis química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Ciclopropanos/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Etoricoxib/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Quinolinas/química , Análisis Espectral , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfuros/químicaRESUMEN
The design of efficient and safe gene delivery vehicles remains a major challenge for the application of gene therapy. Of the many reported gene delivery systems, metal complexes with high affinity for nucleic acids are emerging as an attractive option. We have discovered that certain metallohelices-optically pure, self-assembling triple-stranded arrays of fully encapsulated Fe-act as nonviral DNA delivery vectors capable of mediating efficient gene transfection. They induce formation of globular DNA particles which protect the DNA from degradation by various restriction endonucleases, are of suitable size and electrostatic potential for efficient membrane transport and are successfully processed by cells. The activity is highly structure-dependent-compact and shorter metallohelix enantiomers are far less efficient than less compact and longer enantiomers.
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Cationes/química , ADN/química , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Vectores Genéticos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular , ADN/ultraestructura , Compuestos Ferrosos/química , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Vectores Genéticos/química , Vectores Genéticos/ultraestructura , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica/métodos , Estructura Molecular , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Pursuing and developing effective methodologies to construct highly active catalytic sites to maximize the atomic and energy efficiency by material engineering are attractive. Relative to the tremendous researches of carbon-based single atom systems, the construction of bio-applicable single atom materials is still in its infancy. Herein, we propose a facile and general interfacial-confined coordination strategy to construct high-quality single-atom nanotherapeutic agent with Fe single atoms being anchored on defective carbon dots confined in a biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoreactor. Furthermore, the efficient energy conversion capability of silica-based Fe single atoms system has been demonstrated on the basis of the exogenous physical photo irradiation and endogenous biochemical reactive oxygen species stimulus in the confined mesoporous network. More importantly, the highest photothermal conversion efficiency with the mechanism of increased electron density and narrow bandgap of this single atom structure in defective carbon was proposed by the theoretical DFT calculations. The present methodology provides a scientific paradigm to design and develop versatile single atom nanotherapeutics with adjustable metal components and tune the corresponding reactions for safe and efficient tumor therapeutic strategy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Óxido Ferrosoférrico/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Nanopartículas del Metal/administración & dosificación , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Animales , Carbono/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Glutatión/química , Humanos , Luz , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Teoría Cuántica , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/agonistas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
At present, the potential role of the AgNPs/endo-fullerene molecule metal nano-composite has been evaluated over the biosystems in-vitro. The intra-atomic configuration of the fullerene molecule (C60) has been studied in-vitro for the anti-proliferative activity of human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cell lines and antimicrobial activity against a few human pathogens that have been augmented with the pristine surface plasmonic electrons and antibiotic activity of AgNPs. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the basic vibrational signatures at ~3300 cm-1, 1023 cm-1, 1400 cm-1 for O-H, C-O, and C-H groups, respectively, for the carbon and oxygen atoms of the C60 molecule. NMR studies exhibited the different footprints and magnetic moments at ~7.285 ppm, explaining the unique underlying electrochemical attributes of the fullerene molecule. Such unique electronic and physico-chemical properties of the caged carbon structure raise hope for applications into the drug delivery domain. The in-vitro dose-dependent application of C60 elicits a toxic response against both the breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and pathogenic microbes. That enables the use of AgNPs decorated C60 endo fullerene molecules to design an effective anti-cancerous drug delivery and antimicrobial agent in the future, bringing a revolutionary change in the perspective of a treatment regime.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Fulerenos/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Nanocompuestos/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
The present study reports a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method to increase the bioavailability and bio-efficacy of B. rufescens stem bark extract in the biological system via functional modification as B. rufescens stem bark nanoparticles (BR-TO2-NPs). The biosynthesis of BR- -NPs was confirmed by UV-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction analyses. The shifts in FT-IR stretching vibrations of carboxylic and nitro groups (1615 cm-1), the O-H of phenolics or carboxylic acids (3405 cm-1), alkanes, and alkyne groups (2925 and 2224 cm-1) of the plant extract and lattice (455) indicated successful biosynthesis of BR- -NPs. Compared with the stem bark extract, 40 ng/dL dose of BR- -NPs led to a reduction in adipogenesis and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expressions, adiponectin-R1, PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM16, in maturing-adipocytes. This confirmed the intracellular uptake, bioavailability, and bio-efficiency of BR-TiO2-NPs. The lipid-lowering capacity of BR-TiO2-NPs effectively inhibited the metabolic inflammation-related gene markers, IL-6, TNF-α, LTB4-R, and Nf-κb. Further, BR-TiO2-NPs stimulating mitochondrial thermogenesis capacity was proven by the significantly enhanced CREB-1 and AMPK protein levels in adipocytes. In conclusion, BR-TiO2-NPs effectively inhibited lipid accumulation and proinflammatory adipokine levels in maturing adipocytes; it may help to overcome obesity-associated comorbidities.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/citología , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adipoquinas/metabolismo , Bauhinia/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Titanio/farmacología , Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Adipogénesis/genética , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Forma de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Lipólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Lipólisis/genética , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Tallos de la Planta/química , Termogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Termogénesis/genéticaRESUMEN
Microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles is more advantageous and is eco-friendly to combat the various vectors that cause diseases in humans. Hence, in the present study a Bacillus strain is isolated from marine habitat and is evaluated for its ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its efficacy evaluated against the immature stages of selected mosquito species. The effective candidate was confirmed to be Bacillus marisflavi after 16S rRNA sequencing. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) analysis showed spherical nanoparticles. Size analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed particles of nano size averaging 78.77 nm. The diameter of the particles analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed 101.6 nm with a poly-dispersive index of 0.3. Finally the elemental nature of the nanoparticles was identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). LC50 and LC90 values for the ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of the AgNPs against the egg, larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi respectively were evaluated. The present study revealed that the nanoparticles have an excellent toxic effect against the disease transmitting vector mosquitoes. Hence, the rapid synthesis of AgNPs would be an appropriate eco-friendly tool for biocontrol of vector mosquitoes.
Asunto(s)
Aedes/efectos de los fármacos , Anopheles/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus/química , Culex/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Mosquitos Vectores/efectos de los fármacos , Plata/farmacología , Aedes/fisiología , Animales , Anopheles/fisiología , Organismos Acuáticos , Bacillus/genética , Bacillus/metabolismo , Culex/fisiología , Tecnología Química Verde , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Insecticidas/química , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/fisiología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Mosquitos Vectores/fisiología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Pupa/efectos de los fármacos , Pupa/fisiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/metabolismo , Plata/química , Cigoto/efectos de los fármacos , Cigoto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
As one of the conventional methods of lung cancer detection, computed tomography (CT) usually requires the use of contrast agents to enhance the imaging effect. Conventional iodine contrast agents have poor signal-to-noise ratio and are prone to adverse reactions. It is necessary to find more effective and safe contrast agents for CT scans. The gold nanoparticles with secondary electron effect and photoelectric absorption effect can prolong the display time of the patient's blood circulation after being injected into the patient's body, which makes the nanocontrast agent a research hotspot in the field of CT imaging. In this study, ultrasmall gold nanoclusters with a diameter of about 5 nm were used as the contrast agent in CT scans. It was found that CT scans based on nanocontrast agents can obtain high-quality lung cancer imaging images, and the patient has no obvious adverse reactions. When observing the CT image, it was found that the stage of lung cancer patients can be clearly distinguished through the CT scan image. When analyzing the consistency of CT imaging and pathological classification, the Kappa value was 0.810, indicating that the two have a high degree of consistency. Therefore, this study believes that the imaging characteristics of primary lung tumors based on nanocontrast agents are highly correlated with their pathological types.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Nanopartículas del Metal , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Biología Computacional , Oro , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Nanotecnología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Tamaño de la Partícula , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Coronary CT angiography (CTA) with the characteristics of noninvasive and simple operation is widely used in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis. The choice of contrast agent exerts an important impact on the imaging quality of CTA. Conventional iodine contrast agents are easily excreted by the kidneys, from which the imaging window is short, and the imaging quality is poor. Metal nanomaterials have unique optical properties and have broad application prospects in imaging. Our aim is to explore the value of gold nanorod contrast agent in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. A gold nanorod suspension was first prepared, and the prepared gold nanorod was uniform and had good dispersibility. It can be seen from the light absorption curve that there are two obvious peaks on the UV absorption peak of the gold nanorods. The gold nanorods were cultured in different solutions, and it was found that the particle size of the gold nanorods did not change significantly within 72 hours, indicating that the prepared gold nanorods had good stability. When observing the damage degree of mouse kidney tissue, it was shown that the damage degree of gold nanorod contrast agent to mouse kidney tissue was less than that of iodine contrast agent. The above results indicate that the gold nanorod contrast agent has good stability and safety. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the gold nanorod contrast agent has high value in the diagnosis of coronary arteries and the analysis of plaque properties.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Medios de Contraste , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Oro , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanotubos , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagen , Animales , Biología Computacional , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Medios de Contraste/química , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Oro/efectos adversos , Oro/química , Humanos , Yodo/efectos adversos , Riñón/lesiones , Riñón/patología , Masculino , Nanopartículas del Metal/efectos adversos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados para ApoE , Nanotubos/efectos adversos , Nanotubos/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Seguridad , Espectrofotometría , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
We demonstrated highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts composed of uniform Pt nanoparticles on small, reduced graphene oxides (srGO). The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) size was controlled by applying ultrasonication, and the resultant srGO enabled the morphological control of the Pt nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts provided efficient surface reactions and exhibited large surface areas and high metal dispersions. The resulting Pt/srGO samples exhibited excellent oxygen reduction performance and high stability over 1000 cycles of accelerated durability tests, especially the sample treated with 2 h of sonication. Detailed investigations of the structural and electrochemical properties of the resulting catalysts suggested that both the chemical functionality and electrical conductivity of these samples greatly influence their enhanced oxygen reduction efficiency.
Asunto(s)
Grafito/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Oxígeno/química , Platino (Metal)/química , Algoritmos , Catálisis , Conductividad Eléctrica , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Estructura Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción , Tamaño de la Partícula , Espectrometría RamanRESUMEN
Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP)-based sunscreens are generally considered safe because the ZnO NPs do not penetrate through the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). However, cytotoxicity of zinc ions in the viable epidermis (VE) after dissolution from ZnO NP and penetration into the VE is ill-defined. We therefore quantified the relative concentrations of endogenous and exogenous Zn using a rare stable zinc-67 isotope (67Zn) ZnO NP sunscreen applied to excised human skin and the cytotoxicity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) using multiphoton microscopy, zinc-selective fluorescent sensing, and a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) methodology. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation imaging showed that 67ZnO NPs were retained on the surface or within the superficial layers of the SC. Zn fluorescence sensing revealed higher levels of labile and intracellular zinc in both the SC and VE relative to untreated skin, confirming that dissolved zinc species permeated across the SC into the VE as ionic Zn and significantly not as ZnO NPs. Importantly, the LA-ICP-MS estimated exogenous 67Zn concentrations in the VE of 1.0 ± 0.3 µg/mL are much lower than that estimated for endogenous VE zinc of 4.3 ± 0.7 µg/mL. Furthermore, their combined total zinc concentrations in the VE are much lower than the exogenous zinc concentration of 21 to 31 µg/mL causing VE cytotoxicity, as defined by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of exogenous 67Zn found in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). This speaks strongly for the safety of ZnO NP sunscreens applied to intact human skin and the associated recent US FDA guidance.
Asunto(s)
Epidermis/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas del Metal/administración & dosificación , Protectores Solares/farmacología , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Abdominoplastia/métodos , Administración Cutánea , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Epidermis/ultraestructura , Femenino , Fluoresceínas/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Queratinocitos/ultraestructura , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Microscopía de Fluorescencia por Excitación Multifotónica/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/ultraestructura , Quinolonas/química , Absorción Cutánea/fisiología , Compuestos de Tosilo/químicaRESUMEN
Chitosan/Ag nanocomposite sponges were prepared by soaking the chitosan hydrogels in AgNO3 aqueous solution, which was heated at 80 °C to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the porous chitosan matrix and freeze-dried. The structure and properties of the nanocomposite sponges were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive testing. In our findings, the pores of the chitosan hydrogel were used as a microreactor to synthesize AgNPs, which could distribute evenly on the chitosan matrix. The chitosan/Ag nanocomposite sponges exhibited good mechanical properties, suitable water vapor transmission and noncytotoxicity. Antibacterial test revealed their excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The chitosan/Ag nanocomposite sponges would have great potential as wound dressings due to their good properties and facile industrialization.