[Male breast cancer: a lesser-known battle]. / Cancer du sein chez l'homme : un combat méconnu.

Breast cancer in men is a rare and understudied disease. Until recently, prospective studies and clinical trials on breast cancer treatments often excluded men. Treatment recommendations were generally extrapolated from the results of clinical trials that included only women. Significant efforts have been made to better understand the biological characteristics, the most effective treatments, and the outcomes of breast cancer in men, as well as to identify clinically relevant differences of this disease. This article reviews the current data on the epidemiology, pathological and clinical characteristics, as well as the treatment of breast cancer in men.

Le cancer du sein chez l'homme est une maladie rare et peu étudiée. Jusqu'à récemment, les études prospectives et les essais cliniques sur les traitements du cancer du sein excluaient souvent les hommes. Les recommandations de traitement étaient généralement extrapolées à partir des résultats d'essais cliniques incluant uniquement des femmes. Des efforts significatifs ont été déployés pour mieux comprendre les caractéristiques biologiques, les traitements les plus efficaces et les résultats du cancer du sein chez les hommes, ainsi que pour identifier les différences cliniquement pertinentes de cette maladie. Cet article passe en revue les données actuelles sur l'épidémiologie, les caractéristiques pathologiques et cliniques, ainsi que le traitement du cancer du sein chez l'homme.

Racial Differences in Germline Genetic Testing Completion Among Males With Pancreatic, Breast, or Metastatic Prostate Cancers.

BACKGROUND: Germline genetic testing is a vital component of guideline-recommended cancer care for males with pancreatic, breast, or metastatic prostate cancers. We sought to determine whether there were racial disparities in germline genetic testing completion in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included non-Hispanic White and Black males with incident pancreatic, breast, or metastatic prostate cancers between January 1, 2019, and September 30, 2021. Two nationwide cohorts were examined: (1) commercially insured individuals in an administrative claims database, and (2) Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration. One-year germline genetic testing rates were estimated by using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to test the association between race and genetic testing completion. Causal mediation analyses were performed to investigate whether socioeconomic variables contributed to associations between race and germline testing. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 7,894 males (5,142 commercially insured; 2,752 Veterans). One-year testing rates were 18.0% (95% CI, 16.8%-19.2%) in commercially insured individuals and 14.2% (95% CI, 11.5%-15.0%) in Veterans. Black race was associated with a lower hazard of testing among commercially insured individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.91; P=.005) but not among Veterans (aHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.75-1.32; P=.960). In commercially insured individuals, income (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and net worth (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) mediated racial disparities, whereas education (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.01) did not. CONCLUSIONS: Overall rates of guideline-recommended genetic testing are low in males with pancreatic, breast, or metastatic prostate cancers. Racial disparities in genetic testing among males exist in a commercially insured population, mediated by net worth and household income; these disparities are not seen in the equal-access Veterans Health Administration. Alleviating financial and access barriers may mitigate racial disparities in genetic testing.

Brystkreft hos menn ­ histopatologi og biomarkører.

Background: Breast cancer in men accounts for around 1 % of all cases of the disease. The study aimed to identify histopathological parameters and selected biomarkers in men with breast cancer. Material and method: Retrospective study of archival material from 53 men diagnosed with breast cancer at the department of pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, in the period 1996-2020. The prevalence of the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2) biomarkers was examined. Results: Median age at time of diagnosis was 72 years. Median tumour diameter was 24 mm. Forty-nine tumours were classified histologically as invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), 29 tumours were histologic grade 2 and 18 were grade 3. Fifty-two tumours were ER positive, 39 were PGR positive and four were HER2 positive. Twenty-five patients had lymph node metastases. Interpretation: Our findings indicate that men with breast cancer are diagnosed at an older age than women, and that men have a more advanced stage than women at the time of diagnosis. The histopathology and expression of biomarkers of breast cancer differ between men and women.

Experiences and perceptions of men following breast cancer diagnosis: a mixed method systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Men with breast cancer experience unique physical and emotional challenges. However, a thorough understanding of these experiences including the psychosocial effects and supportive care needs have received less attention. In some settings, men with breast cancer experience stigma within the healthcare system and their care needs are not prioritised. This influences the level of professional support offered, consequently worsening their health and well-being outcomes. This review explored the variabilities in the experiences and treatment modalities of male breast cancer (MBC) across different contexts. METHODS: All primary study designs including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that reported on the experiences, treatment approaches and outcomes of MBC were included in this systematic review. Six databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for articles from January 2000 to September 2023. A results-based convergence synthesis was used for data analysis and reported using PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Of the studies screened (n = 29,687), forty-four fulfilled the predetermined criteria and were included. Our findings relating to the experiences and treatment approaches of MBC are broadly themed into three parts. Theme 1-Navigating through a threat to masculinity: describes how males experienced the illness reflecting on detection, diagnosis, coming to terms with breast cancer, and disclosure. Theme 2- Navigating through treatment: captures the experiences of undergoing breast cancer treatment/ management following their diagnosis. Theme 3-Coping and support systems: describes how MBC patients coped with the disease, treatment process, aftercare/rehabilitative care, and the available support structures. CONCLUSIONS: Men experience a myriad of issues following a breast cancer diagnosis, especially with their masculinity. Awareness creation efforts of MBC among the public and healthcare practitioners are urgently required, which could change the perception of men in promoting early diagnosis, adherence to treatments, post-treatment monitoring, oncological results and a better quality of life. Considerations for training, education and development of specialised guidelines for healthcare practitioners on MBC would provide the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance their practice through the adoption of person-centred and male-specific care strategies. Professional care intervention and support for MBC should not end after the diagnosis phase but should extend to the entire treatment continuum and aftercare including future research focusing on MBC specific clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42021228778.

Male Breast Cancer: a Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Male breast cancer is a relatively uncommon and rare disease that is often managed based on evidence adopted from trials pertaining to female breast cancer due to low accrual rates or exclusion of males. This is despite the known differences in the biology and epidemiology of this condition. This review provides an update regarding the management and surveillance of male breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Men with breast cancer tend to undergo more extensive surgery in the breast and axilla. The outcomes of male breast cancer compared to a similar subtype of female breast cancer appear worse when matched for stage. Systemic therapies remain predominantly based on recommendations for female breast cancer, although tamoxifen is the more optimal endocrine therapy for men than women. Surveillance with mammograms is recommended for patients harboring a breast cancer susceptibility gene but is otherwise not advised for men who have undergone a mastectomy. Notably, the role of other imaging modalities, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, is minimal. Although the focus on survivorship care among men is low, it is abundantly clear that this is a stigmatizing diagnosis for men, and they suffer from long-term physical and psychological sequelae following a diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In summary, providing more gender-inclusive care and advocating for increased representation of men in prospective breast cancer studies and clinical trials may help improve outcomes and provide enhanced support for this population.

Management of Male Patients With Occult Breast Cancer: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

INTRODUCTION: Occult breast cancer (OBC) consists of <0.1% of breast cancer cases in the United States. Male occult breast cancer (mOBC) has not been well-studied outside of case reports, and management is largely based on female OBC (fOBC) studies. We aim to examine the prevalence of mOBC among those in the National Cancer Database with breast cancer and describe treatment modalities received by mOBC compared to fOBC. METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with OBC from 2004 to 2018. Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact tests compared patient, clinical, and facility characteristics by sex. Treatment modalities [systemic therapy, radiation therapy, axillary lymph node dissection, modified radical mastectomy (MRM)] were compared. A subgroup analysis examined pathologic upstaging in patients who underwent MRM. RESULTS: Of 23,374 male patients with breast cancer, 0.13% were identified to have mOBC [versus 0.09% in fOBC]. cN2/N3 disease was significantly more prevalent in the mOBC cohort (61.3%) than in the fOBC cohort (30.7%, P < 0.001). Receipt of axillary lymph node dissection or MRM was not significantly different by sex. Male OBC (mOBC) patients were less likely to receive trimodality treatment than fOBC patients. In patients who underwent MRM, more mOBC patients [75%] were pathologically upstaged as T+ after mastectomy than fOBC patients [30%, P < 0.001], questioning the adequacy of diagnostic workup for mOBC compared to fOBC. CONCLUSIONS: This review confirms mOBC as an extremely rare disease. Multimodal treatments have been highly utilized to optimize care in this patient population. Further investigation is warranted to examine the survival benefit of treatment regimens for mOBC.

Melanoma Mimicker: Pigmented Mammary Paget Disease in a Man.

ABSTRACT: Male breast cancer comprises less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. Mammary Paget disease (MPD) represents a subset of breast cancer that presents with skin changes of the nipple and areola, and is frequently misdiagnosed clinically due to similarities with other disease states, leading to an average delay in diagnosis of 1 month to 2 years. Pigmented mammary Paget disease (PMPD) is an uncommon variant of MPD that clinically and histologically resembles malignant melanoma. Due to variable immunohistochemical staining patterns, analysis can be challenging and often requires interpretation of panels for accurate diagnosis. We present a rare case of PMPD in a male, originally diagnosed both clinically and histologically as malignant melanoma, to highlight the diagnostic challenges that this entity presents, and to review staining patterns which may be useful in its diagnosis.

Male Breast Cancer (MBC) - A Review.

Males account for 1% of all cases of breast cancer. With the aging of the world's population, the disease has exhibited a rise in incidence in recent decades. Male breasts are smaller than female breasts, making the disease easier to spot, but patients often do not report their cases in time due to a lack of awareness. The stage-to-stage prognosis of male breast cancer is comparable to that of their female counterparts. Due to the relative rarity of the disease and poor patient enrollment in large randomized studies, the optimal management of male breast cancer remains uncertain. This article presents a narrative review of male breast cancer in light of recent literature, with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical features, and current management.

Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Features of Male Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Male breast cancer (BC) represents less than 1% of male tumors. Little is known about male BC characteristics, management, and survival, with many studies based on a small number of cases. Consequently, the treatment of male BC lacks specific guidelines. The aims of the study are to compare male and female breast cancer (FBC) in terms of cancer clinical and anatomopathological features and treatment approach, and to identify differences between male BC and FBC in terms of survival. Patients and methods: Data from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively acquired. Amounts of 49 males and 680 postmenopausal females with primary non-metastatic BC who underwent breast surgery at Mauriziano Hospital or IRCCS Candiolo (TO-Italy) were included. The mean age at diagnosis for male BC was 68.6 years, and males presented a smaller tumor size than women (p < 0.05) at diagnosis. Most male BC patients received adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) with tamoxifen (73.5%). AET drop-out rate due to side effects was 16.3% for males compared to 7.6% for women (p = 0.04). Comparing FBC and male BC, no differences have been identified in terms of DFS and OS, with a similar 10-year-relapse rate (12% male BC vs. 12.4% FBC). Propensity Score Matching by age, nodal status, pT, and molecular subtype had been performed and no differences in OS and DFS were seen between male BC and FBC. In conclusion, male BC and FBC have similar prognostic factors and survival outcomes. The drop-out rate of AET was higher in males, and side effects were the main reason for drug discontinuation.

Male Breast Cancer: Three Case Reports and a Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for 0.5%-1% of all breast cancers diagnosed worldwide. However, its biological characteristics can be distinguished from that of female breast cancer (FBC). CASE REPRESENTATION: The diagnostic and treatment approaches for MBC are mainly similar to that of FBC due to the lack of male breast cancer-related studies, clinical trials, and literature. An increasing number of retrospective and prospective studies have been conducted to clarify the individualized care for MBC. Herein, we report three cases of advanced MBC to describe the diagnostic approaches, treatment process, and survival prognosis. CONCLUSION: MBC patients had older age, later stage at first diagnosis, higher expression of hormone receptors, and poor prognosis. A literature review was conducted to determine the incidence, risk factors, disease features, diagnosis, treatment, survival, and management of MBC.

Mammary not otherwise specified-type sarcoma with CD10 expression.

Although mammary carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies among women, sarcoma taking origin from the breast tissue is extremely rare. Most of the mammary sarcomas represent a specific entity such as malignant phyllodes tumor, liposarcoma, or angiosarcoma. However, some cases do not fit into any specific category of sarcoma. These cases are diagnosed with breast sarcoma-not otherwise specified (NOS) type. They constantly express CD10 and are called as NOS type sarcoma with CD10 expression. Herein, we report a case of primary mammary sarcoma-NOS type with CD10 expression in an 80-year-old male. It was misdiagnosed with carcinoma breast on fine-needle aspiration. However, on histology, it was a high-grade tumor without any specific differentiation. Immunohistochemical results showed diffuse strong expression of vimentin and CD10, whereas pancytokeratin, desmin, and CD34 were negative. These tumors are considered a variant of sarcoma with myoepithelial differentiation.

The prediction of distant metastasis risk for male breast cancer patients based on an interpretable machine learning model.

OBJECTIVES: This research was designed to compare the ability of different machine learning (ML) models and nomogram to predict distant metastasis in male breast cancer (MBC) patients and to interpret the optimal ML model by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework. METHODS: Four powerful ML models were developed using data from male breast cancer (MBC) patients in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015 and MBC patients from our hospital between 2010 and 2020. The area under curve (AUC) and Brier score were used to assess the capacity of different models. The Delong test was applied to compare the performance of the models. Univariable and multivariable analysis were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 2351 patients were analyzed; 168 (7.1%) had distant metastasis (M1); 117 (5.0%) had bone metastasis, and 71 (3.0%) had lung metastasis. The median age at diagnosis is 68.0 years old. Most patients did not receive radiotherapy (1723, 73.3%) or chemotherapy (1447, 61.5%). The XGB model was the best ML model for predicting M1 in MBC patients. It showed the largest AUC value in the tenfold cross validation (AUC:0.884; SD:0.02), training (AUC:0.907; 95% CI: 0.899-0.917), testing (AUC:0.827; 95% CI: 0.802-0.857) and external validation (AUC:0.754; 95% CI: 0.739-0.771) sets. It also showed powerful ability in the prediction of bone metastasis (AUC: 0.880, 95% CI: 0.856-0.903 in the training set; AUC: 0.823, 95% CI:0.790-0.848 in the test set; AUC: 0.747, 95% CI: 0.727-0.764 in the external validation set) and lung metastasis (AUC: 0.906, 95% CI: 0.877-0.928 in training set; AUC: 0.859, 95% CI: 0.816-0.891 in the test set; AUC: 0.756, 95% CI: 0.732-0.777 in the external validation set). The AUC value of the XGB model was larger than that of nomogram in the training (0.907 vs 0.802) and external validation (0.754 vs 0.706) sets. CONCLUSIONS: The XGB model is a better predictor of distant metastasis among MBC patients than other ML models and nomogram; furthermore, the XGB model is a powerful model for predicting bone and lung metastasis. Combining with SHAP values, it could help doctors intuitively understand the impact of each variable on outcome.

[Breast cancer in men]. / Mammakarzinom beim Mann.

Male breast cancer is an unknown field for many practitioners. Patients often see different doctors before the correct diagnosis is made - often too late. This article is intended to point out risk factors, initiation of diagnostics and therapy. In the dawning age of molecular medicine, we will also take a look at genetics.

A Rare Case of Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma in Male Breast.

BACKGROUND Male breast cancer is a very rare disease that represents 0.6% of all breast carcinomas. Among breast carcinomas, invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) is a rare type of breast carcinoma and is more common in older women, with only a few cases in men reported. We present a case of male breast cancer with ICC. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old man presented with a painful and palpable mass in the left breast, which was diagnosed as breast cancer of the ICC type. The patient underwent total mastectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy. On the microscope, the tumor was composed of more than 90% cribriform glands with comedo necrosis and dystrophic calcification. On immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, it appeared to be a luminal breast cancer. The IHC staining for c-erb B2 was equivocal (2 positive); hence fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed, and showed no amplification of the HER2/neu oncogene. The Ki-67 labeling index was 30%. The patient received radiotherapy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (4 cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide), and has been on antiestrogen therapy (daily tamoxifen, 20 mg) for 30 months with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS ICC is a rare type of invasive carcinoma of the breast, and ICC from the male breast is extremely rare. We report, in this case, the final pathologic results of a male patient diagnosed with ICC breast cancer and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

[Malignant Melanoma of a Male Breast That Was Difficult to Differentiate from Breast Cancer-A Case Report].

INTRODUCTION: Malignant melanoma in the male breast is extremely rare. Here we report a case of malignant melanoma in which a small cystic lesion in the male breast gradually increased during follow-up and was difficult to distinguish from breast cancer. CASE: A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with a tumor in the right breast and was referred to our department for further examination. At 42 years of age, he underwent tumor resection of a malignant melanoma of the abdominal skin. Mammary ultrasonography showed a 0.6 cm cystic mass in his right breast. Eight months later, the right breast mass had increased to 1.4 cm, and a core needle biopsy suggested breast cancer. Total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was performed. HE staining of the resected tumor showed intranuclear inclusion bodies and some large nucleoli. On the basis of various immunostaining methods, malignant melanoma was diagnosed instead of breast cancer. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with molecularly targeted drugs was administered. DISCUSSION: This might have been a case of male breast metastasis of malignant melanoma with very late recurrence.

Discussion and Optimization of the Male Breast Cancer Patient Experience.

Breast cancer in men is rare and often overlooked as there is a misconception that it is a gendered disease that affects women only. The feminization, or "pinkification," of the disease has been socially constructed to raise awareness, improve screening, and empower women but has not addressed the occurrence of the illness in men. Men may therefore experience unique psychosocial difficulties when faced with a disease that predominantly affects women, including feelings of disbelief and embarrassment that impact their sense of self and challenge their masculinity. The lack of mammographic screening in men, lack of public awareness, and the shame that develops during the time of diagnosis can result in treatment avoidant behaviors, a delayed presentation, and worse prognosis in men. Although male breast cancer (MBC) is uncommon, the incidence is increasing; therefore, efforts should be made to enhance education for health care professionals and the general public in order to lessen the stigma, with the goal of improving outcomes. Furthermore, special attention to the unique medical needs and hurdles encountered by transgender males can break down health care barriers in this marginalized patient population. This article offers male perceptions on breast cancer, the psychosocial implications of being diagnosed with a gendered disease, and suggestions on how to improve the MBC experience.

Breast Cancer Screening in Men.

Breast cancer screening has been highly successful in women in reducing mortality through early detection. In comparison, clinical detection of breast cancer remains the norm in men, and delay in diagnosis is reflected by a persistent survival disparity compared to women despite advances in modern therapy. Male breast cancer presents an interesting dilemma. While mammography is highly sensitive and specific for male breast cancer, routine screening is not justified by the overall low disease incidence. Yet there has been interest in leveraging mammography in targeted screening of men with identifiable risk factors to allow early detection, and early data may support this approach. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential utility of targeted breast cancer screening in men by examining unique clinical and biologic characteristics of male breast cancers that may lend themselves to mammographic detection. We will also discuss available evidence in screening outcomes in men and summarize recent updates in risk management recommendations in Society guidelines.

Câncer de mama masculino: um assunto que deve ser abordado / Male breast cancer: a subject that must be addressed / Cáncer de mama masculino: un tema que debe ser tratado

Introdução: Em relação ao sexo masculino, a neoplasia de mama é rara. Clinicamente manifesta-se com nódulo palpável, indolor, ulceração ou retração na pele e descarga papilar e o diagnóstico se faz por meio da história clínica, exames de imagem e anatomopatológico. Objetivo: Analisar os artigos científicos referentes ao assunto e desenvolver uma revisão bibliográfica sobre câncer de mama masculino. Método: Foram utilizadas publicações que relatavam sobre a epidemiologia, os fatores de risco, métodos diagnósticos por imagem, manejo terapêutico e prevenção do câncer de mama masculino. Resultados: A etiologia do câncer de mama é desconhecida, mas existem alguns fatores que estão associados ao maior risco de desenvolvimento da doença, os quais incluem a idade, mutações cromossômicas, patologia testicular, exposição à radiação, obesidade e terapias à base de estrogênio. O quadro clínico inicia-se de maneira insidiosa. Em relação aos exames de imagem, a mamografia é um exame com boa especificidade (90%) e sensibilidade (92%) para homens acima de 50 anos com lesões mamárias, e a neoplasia é caracterizada como uma massa subareolar, geralmente excêntrica, com margens espiculadas e frequentemente lobulada, que é acentuada pela distorção da arquitetura mamária habitual. Conclusão: É de grande importância o diagnóstico precoce da doença, pois o tratamento iniciado aumentará as chances de sobrevida, sendo necessário também, reforçar ações que conscientizem a população a esse respeito (AU)

Introduction: In relation to males, breast cancer is rare. Clinically it manifests itself with palpable, painless nodule, ulceration or retraction in the skin and papillary discharge and the diagnosis is made through clinical history, imaging and anatomopathological tests. Objective: To analyze the scientific articles related to the subject and develop a literature review on male breast cancer. Method: We used publications that reported on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic imaging methods, therapeutic management and prevention of male breast cancer. Results: The etiology of breast cancer is unknown, but there are some factors that are associated with increased risk of disease development, which include age, chromosomal mutations, testicular pathology, radiation exposure, obesity and estrogen-based therapies. The clinical picture begins insidiously. In relation to imaging tests, mammography is an examination with good specificity (90%) and sensitivity (92%) for men over 50 years with breast lesions, and the neoplasm is characterized as a subareolar mass, usually eccentric, often lobulated, which is accentuated by the distortion of the usual mammary architecture. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance, because the treatment initiated will increase the chances of survival, and it is also necessary to reinforce actions that raise awareness in this regard (AU)

Introducción: En relación al sexo masculino, el cáncer de mama es raro. Clínicamente se manifiesta como un nódulo palpable, indoloro, ulceración o retracción de la piel y secreción papilar y el diagnóstico se realiza a través de la historia clínica, exámenes de imagen y anatomopatológicos. Objetivo: Analizar los artículos científicos relacionados con el tema y realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el cáncer de mama masculino. Método: Se utilizaron publicaciones que informaran sobre la epidemiología, factores de riesgo, métodos de diagnóstico por imagen, manejo terapéutico y prevención del cáncer de mama masculino. Resultados: La etiología del cáncer de mama es desconocida, pero existen algunos factores que se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad, entre los que se encuentran la edad, mutaciones cromosómicas, patología testicular, exposición a radiación, obesidad y terapias basadas en estrógenos. El cuadro clínico comienza de forma insidiosa. En cuanto a los exámenes de imagen, la mamografía es un examen con buena especificidad (90%) y sensibilidad (92%) para hombres mayores de 50 años con lesiones mamarias, y la neoplasia se caracteriza por una masa subareolar, generalmente excéntrica, con márgenes espiculados y frecuentemente lobulada, que se acentúa por la distorsión de la arquitectura mamaria habitual. Conclusión: El diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad es de gran importancia, ya que el tratamiento iniciado aumentará las posibilidades de supervivencia, además es necesario reforzar acciones que concienticen a la población al respecto (AU)

Risk stratification system and visualized dynamic nomogram constructed for predicting diagnosis and prognosis in rare male breast cancer patients with bone metastases.

Background: Bone metastases (BM) from malignant tumors could disrupt the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and affect bone homeostasis. Malignant breast cancer (BC) is rare in male patients, and co-occurrence of BM is even rarer. Given its low incidence, there is limited research evaluating risk and prognosis. Despite the widespread application of nomograms to predict uncommon malignancies, no studies have constructed predictive models focusing on the diagnosis and prognosis of male breast cancer with bone metastases (MBCBM). Methods: This study selected all male breast cancer patients (MBC) between 2010 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We used simple and multivariate Logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for BM in MBC patients. Then simple and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to determine the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in MBCBM patients. We established and validated three new nomograms based on these independent factors. Result: A total of 4187 MBC patients were included, with 191 (4.56%) having bone metastases at the time of diagnosis. The independent risk factors of BM in MBC patients included age, tumor size, marital status, T stage, and N stage. In MBCBM patients, independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS were both age, T stage, ER status, PR status, and surgery. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that these three nomograms could accurately predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients with excellent discrimination and clinical utility superior to the TNM staging system. We then established two prognostic-based risk stratification systems and three visualized dynamic nomograms that could be applied in clinical practice. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study aimed to establish and validate an accurate novel nomogram to objectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients. On this basis, prognostic-based risk stratification systems and visualized dynamic nomograms were constructed to facilitate doctors and patients to quantify individual BM risk probability and survival probability to assist in personalized risk assessment and clinical decision-making.

Health education actions on male breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although rare, the rates of diagnosis of male breast cancer (MBC) have been increasing over the years, and it can be quite aggressive in the male organism. Some strategies such as health education disseminating knowledge about MBC can be essential for early discovery and finding better prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Protocol to map the available evidence of health education approaches on MBC. METHODS: A scoping review on health education on MBC will be carried out in Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Online System of Literature Search and Analysis Medical (MEDLINE), Embase, Virtual Health Library (VHL). Two independent reviewers will perform screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment through the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Assessment Checklist. For the quality of evidence, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Analysis will be used. RESULTS: The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review will provide evidence of how health education on MBC is being addressed in health systems. Evidence can help healthcare professionals and patients recognize the most effective educational inventions in disseminating knowledge and preventing MBC.