Reproductive concerns and its correlation with fear of recurrence and level of family support in patients of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies.

BACKGROUND: To discuss the current status of reproductive concerns and its correlation with fear of recurrence and level of family support in patients of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies. METHODS: A convenient sampling method was used to enroll 188 patients with gynecologic malignancies in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to April 2023. Patients were assessed using general information questionnaire, Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCAC), Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support-Family (PSS-FA) Scale. RESULTS: Among patients of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies, the total RCAC score was (54.35 ± 7.52), indicating a moderate level of reproductive concerns. Patients scored (20.98 ± 4.51) on FCRI, implying a moderate level of fear of recurrence. The PSS-FA score was (9.57 ± 2.76), denoting a moderate level of family support. The total score and each dimensional score of RCAC were positively correlated with FCRI total score (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with PSS-FA total score (P < 0.05). Fear of recurrence, family support level, number of children, educational background, treatment modality, and fertility intention were influencing factors for reproductive concerns in patients of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The reproductive concerns, fear of recurrence and family support are all at moderate levels in patients of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies, and reproductive concerns are positively correlated with fear of recurrence and negatively correlated with family support.

Does Mandala Art Therapy Improve Psychological Well-Being of Gynecological Cancer Patients During the Perioperative Period? A Quasi-Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Women with gynecological cancer often experience psychological distress, particularly in response to surgical procedures. The impact of mandala art therapy (MAT) during the perioperative period for gynecological cancer patients remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the effects of the MAT program in women with gynecological cancer. METHODS: Employing a quasi-experimental design, we recruited 126 gynecological cancer patients from a university hospital through convenience sampling. Participants were assigned to either receive the MAT program or standard perioperative care. The interventions comprised a three-session MAT program guided by a team of trained mandala psychologists. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze the effects of MAT over time. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were enrolled, and 118 completed the entire study. Over 90% of participants completed the perioperative MAT interventions, reporting relatively high satisfaction with the program (7.70 out of 10). Individuals in the MAT group exhibited improved therapeutic effects on STAI-S, VASS, and vital signs over time. Notably, significant group*time interaction effects were noted in STAI-S scores at both the first evaluation, T1 (ß = -4.220, P < .005) and the third evaluation, T3 (ß = -3.797, P < .05), and VASS scores at T1 (ß = -11.186, P < .005), T2 (ß = -9.915, P < .05) and T3 (ß = -9.831, P < .05). Regarding vital signs, the multivariate GEE model revealed significant interaction effects in systolic blood pressure values at both T1 (ß = -7.102, P < .05) and T3 (ß = -10.051, P < .005), diastolic blood pressure values at T3 (ß = -6.441, P < .005), and pulse values at T1 (ß = -6.085, P < .005). No significant differences were observed between groups for pain, hope, or self-acceptance. CONCLUSION: This study posited that MAT could serve as a valuable complementary approach in perioperative care for addressing the psychological needs of women with gynecological cancer. Subsequent research employing more robust methodologies and larger, more diverse participant samples will be necessary to validate these conclusions.

Factors Affecting the Decision on Cannabis Use in Gynecologic Cancer Patients After the Legalization of Cannabis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the patterns of cannabis use among gynecologic cancer patients, in terms of potential factors influencing their decision-making on cannabis use, the reasons for use or non-use, and sources of information on cannabis use. METHODS: From March to July 2022, gynecologic cancer patients at a clinic were interviewed and classified into 3 groups: current users, ex-users, and never-users. The received data included: demographic data, cannabis use details, reasons for using and not using, adverse events, satisfaction, and intent to use. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify risk factors influencing decision-making. RESULT: Among 240 participants, 11.67% were classified as current users, 28.33% as ex-users, and 60% as never-users. The significant factors influencing cannabis use decisions were advanced stage and receiving information on cannabis, regardless of the information source. The satisfaction derived from cannabis was due to the enhancement of mood and physical activity, improvement in sleep quality, stimulation of appetite, and mitigation of adverse events associated with cancer treatment. Approximately 60% of users aimed for a cancer cure. The main reasons for quitting were inability to obtain cannabis and absence of persistent cancer symptoms. CONCLUSION: Among Thai patients with gynecologic cancer, 40% had a history of cannabis use. Advanced cancer stage was an independent factor for decision-making on cannabis use. Sources of information on cannabis are non-healthcare providers. Many patients intended to use cannabis for cancer cure. Also, many were satisfied with use because of a relief of unwanted symptoms, indirectly suggesting improvement in quality of life. The main reason for quitting was unavailability. The main reason for never trying was a concern of interference with treatment. Our results may guide the direction of strategy of cannabis use among patients with gynecologic cancers.

The effects of various therapies on vulvovaginal atrophy and quality of life in gynecological cancer patients: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: Tumors affecting the female genital tract and their treatments have the potential to induce adverse modifications in vaginal health and impact personal aspects of patient's lives. Vulvovaginal atrophy is one of the morphological changes observed in individuals with a history of gynecological cancer, influenced both by the biological environment of tumors and the main therapeutic modalities employed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify approaches to treat vulvovaginal atrophy while assessing the impact on the emotional and sexual health of women diagnosed with gynecological cancers. METHODS: To achieve this goal, a systematic review was conducted following the methodological guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases used for literature research were PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS: Initially, 886 articles were obtained. After eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for analysis. The period of highest publication activity spanned from 2017 to 2020, with the majority conducted in Italy. Five treatment modalities were identified and categorized as vaginal suppository, oral medication, surgical procedure, CO2 laser therapy, and vaginal dilator. Twenty-four outcomes related to vaginal health and 30 outcomes related to overall, sexual, and emotional quality of life were analyzed. CONCLUSION: In general, all interventions demonstrated the ability to improve vaginal health or, at the very least, the sexual health of patients. Thus, despite limitations, all treatments have the potential to address vulvovaginal atrophy in patients with a history of gynecological cancer.

The relationship between quality of life and sex role of women with gynecological cancers undergoing brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of life and sex roles of women diagnosed with cancer and undergoing brachytherapy. METHODS: The research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample of the study included 116 women over 35 years old who were diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer and underwent intracavitary brachytherapy at the Radiation Oncology Department of a university hospital. Personal information form, SF-36 the Quality of Life Scale, and BEM Sex Role Inventory were used in the study. The researcher collected the data through face-to-face interview. The data were collected in the nurses' room after 3 different brachytherapy treatments that patients received weekly. RESULTS: It was found that the average score of the physical functioning subscale was 32.80 ± 24.33, the average score of role physical was 15.43 ± 28.78, the average score of role emotional was 17.81 ± 28.96, the average score of vitality was 39.13 ± 16.12, the average score of social functioning was 43.53 ± 20.55, the score average of pain was 50.0 ± 20.09, the average score of general health was 42.67 ± 14.61, and the general health of mental health was 55.86 ± 16.12. In the BEM sex roles scale, the average score of BEM femininity was 105.56 ± 13.95, and the average score of BEM masculinity was 80.61 ± 12.77. In our study, a very low, negative, and significant relationship was determined between the role of femininity and emotional role limitation, physical functionality, social functionality, and general health perception in the women undergoing brachytherapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the present study, we can state that an increase in the "role of femininity" in women undergoing brachytherapy was effective in the decrease in the quality of lives of women. It can be claimed that the results will be a guidance for the nurses who will play an important role in increasing the quality of lives of the women undergoing brachytherapy.

Dyadic coping, resilience, and quality of life in young and middle-aged couples after gynecologic cancer: An actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of dyadic coping on quality of life (QoL) and the mediating role of resilience in these effects among young and middle-aged couples after gynecologic cancer (GC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and June 2023 from one tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. 240 pairs of young and middle-aged GC couples were recruited. The demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Dyadic Coping Inventory, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey were used to collect data. The process of dyadic analysis was based on the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. RESULTS: GC patients' dyadic coping had an actor effect on both their own physical and mental QoL, while spouses' dyadic coping only exerted an actor effect on their own mental QoL. The mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between dyadic coping and QoL were identified in dyads. Moreover, spouses' dyadic coping could indirectly influence patients' QoL through their own and patients' resilience. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm the dyadic relationships between dyadic coping, resilience, and QoL among young and middle-aged couples facing GC. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop couple-based interventions to improve dyadic coping and resilience, thus enhancing the QoL of both members.

Investigating the role of TGF-ß and BDNF in cancer-related depression: a primary cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related depression is a well-documented condition that significantly impacts long-term quality of life. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity, has been implicated in various neuropsychological disorders including depression associated with cancer. Cytokines, on the other hand, play a crucial role in regulating depression, potentially by influencing BDNF expression. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), a key immune regulator within the tumor microenvironment, has been found to elevate BDNF levels, establishing a link between peripheral immune responses and depression. The study aims to investigate the correlation of TGF-ß and BDNF in cancer-related depression. METHODS: This study involved a cohort of 153 gynecological patients, including 61 patients with gynecological cancer and 92 patients without cancer. Depression levels were assessed using the subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and TGF-ß and BDNF plasma levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The study revealed elevated plasma TGF-ß levels in patients with cancer (32.24 ± 22.93 ng/ml) compared to those without cancer (25.24 ± 19.72 ng/ml) (P = 0.046). Additionally, reduced levels of BDNF were observed in patients presenting depression symptoms (44.96 ± 41.06 pg/ml) compared to those without depression (133.5 ± 176.7 pg/ml) (P = 0.036). Importantly, a significant correlation between TGF-ß and BDNF was found in patients without cancer but with depression (correlation coefficient = 0.893, **P < 0.01). Interestingly, cancer appeared to influence the association between TGF-ß and BDNF in patients with depression, as evidenced by a significant difference in the correlation of TGF-ß and BDNF between cancer and non-cancer groups (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the active involvement of TGF-ß and BDNF crosstalk in the context of cancer-related depression.

Evidence and best practices for trauma-informed care in gynecologic oncology patients.

Diagnosing, treating, and managing gynecologic cancer can lead to significant physical and emotional stress, which may have lasting effects on a patient's overall health and quality of life. The physical symptoms of gynecologic cancer, such as pain, discomfort, and loss of function, may also contribute to emotional distress and anxiety. Further, the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of gynecologic cancer may be traumatic due to the need for invasive exams and procedures, especially in women with a history of sexual assault or other traumatic experiences.Women with gynecologic cancer may experience various emotional and psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fear of recurrence. Trauma-informed care is an approach to healthcare that emphasizes the recognition and response to the impact of trauma on a patient's life. Further, trauma-informed care acknowledges that prior traumatic experiences may affect a patient's mental and physical health and that the healthcare system may unintentionally re-traumatize patients.Implementation of trauma-informed care can improve patient outcomes, increase patient satisfaction with care, and reduce the risk of re-traumatization during cancer treatment and follow-up care. Therefore, gynecologic oncology providers should become familiar with the principles and practices of trauma-informed care and implement trauma-informed screening tools to identify patients who may benefit from additional support or referrals to mental health services. This review will explore the importance of trauma-informed care in patients with gynecologic cancer and its impact on outcomes. Further, we discuss principles and evidence-based practices of trauma-informed care and strategies to implement trauma-informed screening tools to identify patients who may benefit from additional support or referrals to mental health services.

System-level recommendations for improved wellness for gynecologic oncologists: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review.

Burnout and its negative sequelae are a persistent problem in gynecologic oncology, threatening the health of our physician workforce. Individual-level interventions such as stress management training, physical activity, and sleep hygiene only partially address this widespread, systemic crisis rooted in the extended work hours and stressful situations associated with gynecologic oncology practice. There is an urgent need for systematic, institution-level changes to allow gynecologic oncologists to continue the crucial work of caring for people with gynecologic cancer. We present recommendations for institution-level changes which are grounded in the framework presented by the National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being by the National Academy of Medicine. These are aimed at facilitating gynecologic oncologists' well-being and reduction of burnout. Recommendations include efforts to create a more positive and inclusive work environment, decrease administrative barriers, promote mental health, optimize electronic medical record use, and support a diverse workforce. Implementation and regular evaluation of these interventions, with specific attention to at-risk groups, is an important next step.

Dedicated financial hardship screening adds value to routine distress screening among gynecologic cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate existing distress screening to identify patients with financial hardship (FH) compared to dedicated FH screening and assess patient attitudes toward FH screening. METHODS: We screened gynecologic cancer patients starting a new line of therapy. Existing screening included: (1) Moderate/severe distress defined as Distress Thermometer score ≥ 4, (2) practical concerns identified from Problem Checklist, and (3) a single question assessing trouble paying for medications. FH screening included: (1) Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool and (2) 10-item Financial Needs Checklist to guide referrals. FH was defined as COST score < 26. We calculated sensitivity (patients with moderate/severe distress + FH over total patients with FH) and specificity (patients with no/mild distress + no FH over total patients with no FH) to assess the extent distress screening could capture FH. Surveys and exit interviews assessed patient perspectives toward screening. RESULTS: Of 364 patients screened for distress, average age was 62 years, 25% were Black, 45% were Medicare beneficiaries, 32% had moderate/severe distress, 15% reported ≥1 practical concern, and 0 reported trouble paying for medications. Most (n = 357, 98%) patients also completed FH screening: of them, 24% screened positive for FH, 32% reported ≥1 financial need. Distress screening had 57% sensitivity and 77% specificity for FH. Based on 79 surveys and 43 exit interviews, FH screening was acceptable with feedback to improve the timing and setting of screening. CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated FH screening was feasible and acceptable, but sensitivity was low. Importantly, 40% of women with FH would not have been identified with distress screening alone.

Familial and Social Implications of Breast and Gynaecological cancer in Kerala, India.

BACKGROUND: Due to the paucity of reliable data to determine the components of family-based comprehensive care for cancer in India, we explored the familial implications of gynaecological and breast cancer diagnosis and treatment through a mixed-method study. METHODS: The mixed method study included 130 women aged above 18 with a confirmed diagnosis of gynaecological or breast cancer recruited from three selected tertiary hospitals in Kerala, India. Information on quality of life (36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)), psychological distress (distress thermometer), and the familial, interpersonal, social, and community impacts of cancer (semi-structured interview guide) were elicited. Linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with distress and the factors were explored further using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Patients included in the study (n = 130; mean age 57.5 years) had moderate or mild (66.9%) to severe (25.4%) distress. Concerns about work (93%), difficulty in; home care and housing (82%), care for dependents (65%), unempathetic family (87.6%), isolation (70%), and body image (65%) were major reasons for their distress. Physiological, social, and family-related stressors among the respondents included challenges in physical functioning, intense physical symptoms like fatigue, loss of appetite and sleep, role restrictions, alterations in family responsibilities, functional dependency, inadequate family support, challenges in social and interpersonal interactions, and an unsupportive work environment. CONCLUSION: Cancer is a health crisis that involves psychological, social, and economic distress, compelling professionals to design multifaceted individualized care packages rather than only concentrating on medical management to alleviate their distress.

Adults diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and their relationship with their body: A study on the supportive role of yoga using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and perceptions of adults diagnosed with gynecologic cancer on their body, and the role of yoga in shaping these aspects. A phenomenological research design was used. Fifteen women (Mage=50.1 ± 13.5 years, range=28-66) who practice yoga at least once/week completed a sociodemographic survey online, two semi-structured interviews, and a 30-day journal online. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants' responses and the authors' interpretations were summarized into four main superordinate themes: (1) internal monologue of the changed body, (2) balancing act between acceptance and improvement, (3) value of taking time to prioritize oneself by practicing yoga, and (4) transformative catalysts of expectation and mindset on body-related self-perceptions after yoga. Body functionality and appearance, and their sexual health were often deeply interconnected, and impacted participants' self-perceptions and behaviours. Yoga was a vehicle for growth and acceptance; however, participants' expectations and mindsets before and during yoga could lead to negative self-perceptions after yoga. The findings underscore the importance of integrating yoga - a holistic practice - into survivorship care programs, while emphasizing the need to address expectations and attitudes that could hinder positive outcomes.

Critical decisions: A mixed-methods study of decision-making among diverse gynecologic cancer patients considering therapeutic clinical trial enrollment.

OBJECTIVE: Participation in therapeutic clinical trials does not reflect the diversity of gynecologic cancer patients, limiting access to novel therapeutics and generalizability of results. Reasons for inequities in participation among historically underrepresented populations remain undertheorized, as studies have shown equal willingness to participate among groups. We sought to apply a precarity framework to conceptualize the factors that impact patients' desire to enroll, to improve equity in gynecologic oncology clinical trial participation. METHODS: Gynecologic cancer patients at a single tertiary care facility in the Southwestern United States who discussed participation in therapeutic clinical trial with their oncology provider from 2020 to 2021 were identified. Enrolled participants completed surveys and qualitative interviews regarding treatment experiences and decision-making. Oncology providers completed parallel surveys at the time of their patient's enrollment. Descriptive statistics and thematic coding were used to analyze data. RESULTS: 30 patients were enrolled and participated in surveys and interviews. No differences were found in quantitative data assessing shared decision-making and patient-centered communication between those who enrolled and those who did not. Qualitative data demonstrated that patients who declined trial enrollment expressed concerns regarding uncertainty and loss of control, independence in decision-making, and significant resource challenges and financial toxicity of cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a constellation of factors that contribute to desire to enroll in clinical trials, that we describe using the framework of precarity. Through identification of precarious patients and mitigation of burdens, we anticipate improved enrollment and retention in therapeutic clinical trials among diverse gynecologic oncology patients.

Effects of Integrated Music-Video Therapy on Pain and Anxiety During High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of integrated music-video therapy on pain and anxiety of gynecologic cancer patients at different stages of brachytherapy. DESIGN: This study used a single-group crossover design. METHODS: Data on 27 patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and receiving brachytherapy were collected from February 2018 to January 2019. Participants' pain and anxiety levels were measured four times using a numerical rating scale (before, during, after applicator insertion, and during the radiation). In addition, vital signs were measured three times (before, after applicator insertion, and during radiation). Data were analyzed for frequency and percentage. The normality and homogeneity of the dependent variables were tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the experimental and control phases in pain degree during radiation exposure (Z = -1.68, p = .046) and anxiety degree during applicator insertion (Z=-4.42, p = .000), after applicator insertion (Z = -4.85, p = .000), and during radiation exposure (Z = -5.38, p = .000). However, no significant difference was found between the changes in blood pressure, pulse, and respiration at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need to actively employ integrated music-video therapy to reduce acute pain and anxiety in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing brachytherapy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study provides insights into the methodological approaches for implementing integrated music-video therapy in clinical practice, targeting the reduction of acute pain and anxiety triggered by gynecological surgeries and procedures.

Sexual quality of life after gynaecological cancer: what young women want.

PURPOSE: Psychosexual distress is known to be a common complication of treatment for gynaecological cancer (GC), affecting the sexual quality of life (SQoL) for an increasing number of young gynaecological cancer survivors (YGCS). The SQoL in YGCS study aimed to identify strategies that are acceptable and helpful to YGCS in protecting and improving SQoL, using a salutogenic approach. METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken with young women aged 18-45 and pre- or perimenopausal at diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on Zoom and a thematic analysis of transcripts was completed in NVivo. RESULTS: Fifteen interviews with YGCS revealed three themes for strategy development: psychosexual education, psychosocial support, and healthcare policy and strategy to establish SQoL as standard care in gynaecologic oncology. CONCLUSION: The strategies put forward by YGCS showed the need for a holistic, patient-centric, and multidisciplinary approach to SQoL. A better understanding of the strategies acceptable to YGCS, including the importance of using a trauma-informed approach to communication and care, can help healthcare providers play a vital role in protecting and improving SQoL.

Ghosts in the machinery: Living with and beyond radiotherapy treatment for gynaecological cancer.

This paper explores post-treatment experiences of women who have had radiotherapy for gynaecological cancer. Drawing on data from a project which explored post-treatment wellbeing, conceptual metaphors of ghosts/haunting are used to engage with enduring legacies of cancer and 'neglected matters' in post-treatment trajectories. Current arrangements of care contribute to the idea that participants are 'out of the other side of cancer' once active treatment completes. Despite broader ambitions for holistic cancer rehabilitation, fragilities of body and mind persist, even when the outward representation is one of health, of looking well, of moving on. We show how neglected matters of cancer (visceral late effects, psychological suffering and lives not lived) are part of living with and beyond cancer. These 'ghosts' manifest in chronic states of unsettledness that are temporarily relieved by individualised 'fixes', such as mobilisation of 'mind over matter' discourse and mindfulness. This discourse and its associated tools are a powerful yet impoverished framing of approaches to living with and beyond cancer. We argue for the need to attend to 'neglected matters' of post-treatment trajectories differently.

Factors influencing the supportive care needs of female patients with genital cancer in South Korea.

Genital cancers are particularly important compared to other cancers because of the psychological impact they have on the individual. This study investigated the complexity in illness and quality of life among female genital cancer patients and determined the effects of these factors on supportive care needs to provide evidential data for the development of nursing intervention strategies to reduce supportive care needs in female genital cancer patients. This cross-sectional study collected data from July 22 to August 17, 2021. The study subjects were 103 female outpatients and inpatients aged 19 years or older who were treated for cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, or other female genital cancers such as vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer in a university hospital in Korea. The data were analyzed with t-tests and Scheffé's test using SPSS 26.0. The factors affecting supportive care needs were examined using hierarchical regression. The average age of the subjects was 56.41 (±9.91) years. Cervical cancer was the most common diagnosis at 42.7%, followed by ovarian cancer at 34.0%, and endometrial cancer at 21.4%. The factors affecting supportive care needs included a middle school education or below (ß = 0.21, P = .028), unemployment (ß = 0.23, P = .018), complexity in illness (ß = 0.32, P < .001), and quality of life (ß = -0.68, P < .001). Developing a strategy for managing the complexity in illness and quality of life caused by various variables including disease stage and type of treatment is necessary to reduce the supportive care needs of female genital cancer patients. Improving their quality of life through effective communication with healthcare providers is essential.

Incorporation of Palliative Care in Gynecologic Oncology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review serves to provide clarity on the nature, scope, and benefits of early palliative care integration into the management of patients with gynecologic malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increased recognition that timely referral to palliative care improves quality of life for patients and their families by providing goal-concordant care that reduces physical and emotional suffering and limits futile and aggressive measures at the end of life. Palliative care services rendered throughout the continuum of illness ultimately increase engagement with hospice services and drive down health expenditures. Despite these myriad benefits, misconceptions remain, and barriers to and disparities in access to these services persist and warrant continued attention. Palliative care should be offered to all patients with advanced gynecologic cancers early in the course of their disease to maximize benefit to patients and their families.

Impact of gynecological cancers on health-related quality of life: historical context, measurement instruments, and current knowledge.

Gynecologic cancers, comprising 14.4% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in women globally, are substantial causes of both mortality and morbidity, with a profound impact on the quality of life (QoL) of survivors. Over the past few decades, advancements in interdisciplinary and interprofessional care have contributed to an increase in the average life expectancy of gynecological cancer patients. However, the disease and its treatments have a profound impact on patients, leading to physical changes and psychological consequences, including psychosocial and psychosexual effects, which negatively affect their QoL.The primary objective of management strategies is to minimize harm while improving survival rates and enhancing QoL during the survivorship stage. QoL measures play a crucial role in enhancing our comprehension of how cancer and its treatments affect individuals. Consequently, various measurement instruments, such as the EORTC QLQ 30, PROMIS-29, FACT-G, and QOL-CS, have been developed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pre- and post-treatment HRQoL measurements have been shown to be predictive factors for post-operative complications and prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival in gynecological oncology patients. Patient-reported outcomes related to HRQoL are essential tools for measuring patient outcomes and enabling patient-centered clinical decision-making.This article focuses on HRQoL, providing a historical context, summarizing measurement instruments, and discussing the current understanding of the impact of gynecological cancers on HRQoL.