RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies reported that an increase in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older patients negatively affects the recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) more than the loss of muscle mass. However, whether intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older patients with aspiration pneumonia is related to ADL recovery remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps and ADL recovery in older patients with aspiration pneumonia. METHODS: Thirty-nine older inpatients who were diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia participated in this prospective study. The main outcome of this study was ADL at discharge. ADL were assessed using the Barthel Index (BI). The intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle mass of the quadriceps were evaluated at admission using echo intensity and muscle thickness observed on ultrasound images. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to confirm whether the quadriceps echo intensity was related to the BI score at discharge, even after adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS: The medians [interquartile range] of the BI score at admission and discharge were 15.0 [0.0-35.0] and 20.0 [5.0-55.0], respectively. The BI score at discharge was significantly higher than that at admission (p = 0.002). The quadriceps echo intensity (ß = - 0.374; p = 0.036) and BI score at admission (ß = 0.601; p < 0.001) were independently and significantly related to the BI score at discharge (R2 = 0.718; f2 = 2.546; statistical power = 1.000). In contrast, the quadriceps thickness (ß = - 0.216; p = 0.318) was not independently and significantly related to the BI score at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Increased intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps at admission is more strongly and negatively related to ADL recovery at discharge than the loss of muscle mass among older patients with aspiration pneumonia. Interventions targeting the intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps may improve ADL among these patients.
Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Neumonía por Aspiración , Humanos , Anciano , Alta del Paciente , Estudios Prospectivos , Músculo Cuádriceps/diagnóstico por imagen , Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a severe and common complication after ischemic stroke. The role of silent aspiration as an important contributing factor in the development of a dysphagia-associated complications, in particular aspiration-associated pneumonia has been insufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and risk factors of silent aspiration in patients with acute infratentorial stroke by FEES and to identify culprit lesions in stroke patient with a high risk of silent aspiration via voxel-based-symptom-lesion mapping (VBS/ML). This study is a retrospective observational study based on a prospectively collected FEES and stroke database. Consecutive patient cases with acute ischemic infratentorial stroke and FEES examination between 2017 and 2022 were identified. Group allocation was performed based on PAS scores. Imaging analysis was performed by manual assignment and by VBS/ML. Group comparisons were performed to assess silent aspiration characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if baseline clinical, demographic, and imaging parameters were helpful in predicting silent aspiration in patients. In this study 84 patient cases with acute infratentorial stroke who underwent FEES examination were included. Patients were moderately affected at admission (mean NIH-SS score at admission 5.7 SD ± 4.7). Most lesions were found pontine. Overall 40.5% of patients suffered from silent aspiration, most frequently in case of bilateral lesions. Patients with silent aspiration had higher NIH-SS scores at admission (p < 0.05), had a more severe swallowing disorder (p < 0.05) and were 4.7 times more likely to develop post-stroke pneumonia. Patients who underwent FEES examination later than 72 h after symptom onset were significantly more likely to suffer from silent aspiration and to develop pneumonia compared to patients who underwent FEES examination within the first 72 h (p < 0.05). A binary logistic regression model identified NIH-SS at admission as a weak predictor of silent aspiration. Neither in manual assignment of the lesions to brain regions nor in voxel-wise statistic regression any specific region was useful in prediction of silent aspiration. Silent aspiration is common in patients with infratentorial stroke and contributes to the risk for pneumonia. Patients with silent aspiration are more severely affected by stroke, but cannot reliably be identified by NIH-SS at admission or lesion location. Patients suffering from acute infratentorial stroke should been screened and examined for PSD and silent aspiration.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Neumonía por Aspiración , Neumonía , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiología , Neumonía/complicaciones , Aspiración Respiratoria , DegluciónRESUMEN
A barium esophagram is a diagnostic test used for the evaluation of dysphagia. However, this test has the potential risk for aspiration of the barium contrast. Barium aspiration typically localizes to the right lower lobe or left lingular lobe. We present a case of barium aspiration localized to the right middle lobe that persisted on chest X-ray. A 62-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, long-term back pain, gastritis, and anxiety presented with the complaints of hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, and weight loss for several months. During the esophagram, the patient aspirated the barium contrast. Chest X-ray confirmed the aspiration in the right middle lobe with a tree in bud appearance suggesting involvement of bronchioles. Three months later, a repeat chest X-ray revealed residual contrast. Pulmonary complications are directly related to the amount of aspirated barium and can include hypoxia, respiratory failure, secondary aspiration pneumonia, shock, and acute respiration distress syndrome. The prognosis of a barium aspiration is dependent on the amount of barium aspirated.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución , Neumonía por Aspiración , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bario/efectos adversos , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Hipoxia , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings in dogs diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia and to assess for any correlation with patient outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 38 cases with a presumptive diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia at two UK referral centres. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination and clinicopathologic data. CT examinations of the thorax were reviewed by the European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging board-certified radiologist for all dogs to describe the characteristics and distribution of the pulmonary lesions. RESULTS: The most common CT findings were lung lobe consolidation associated with air bronchograms (100%) followed by ground-glass attenuation (89.4%), bronchial wall thickening (36.8%), bronchiolectasis (31.5%) and bronchiectasis (15.7%). Large-breed dogs were overrepresented. Duration of hospitalisation ranged between 0 and 8 days (mean 3 days). Overall, 89.4% of dogs survived the aspiration event and were discharged from the hospital. The four dogs that did not survive to discharge had five or more lobes affected on CT. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: CT findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia are described. CT is a useful imaging modality to diagnose aspiration pneumonia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Neumonía por Aspiración , Perros , Animales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/veterinaria , Neumonía por Aspiración/patología , Pulmón , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Neumonía por Aspiración , Perros , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/veterinaria , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax , Radiografía , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Neumonía por Aspiración , Perros , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/veterinaria , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax , Radiografía , Radiografía Torácica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Although the modified barium swallowing study (MBSS) is considered the gold standard for assessing aspiration risk, aspiration of lipid-soluble barium can cause chemical pneumonitis or impair radiologic interpretation of the lungs. Water-soluble contrast agents (WSCAs) may avoid these complications while maintaining sensitivity on aspiration. This prospective, observational, case-control cohort trial evaluated all patients >3 years old referred for swallowing study from September 2015 to November 2017. Repeat evaluations of individuals were excluded. High-risk patients were evaluated by WSCA (iohexol)-based swallowing study (WSS) and others by MBSS. The study included 829 evaluations of 762 patients. After excluding 74 evaluations, 365 WSSs and 390 MBSSs were performed. The most frequent underlying condition was brain lesion, followed by aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration occurred more frequently in WSS (147 patients: 40.3%) than in MBSS (36 patients: 9.2%) (P = .00). However, neither aspiration volume (6.72 cc [3.09-10.35] vs 5.53 cc [2.21-8.85]) nor radiographic alterations differed between the 2 groups (P > .05). Moreover, the swallowed (16.62 cc [8.45-24.79]) and aspirated amounts of iohexol were not correlated with radiologic changes or deterioration (P > .05). Switching to oral feeding following WSS was more frequent (164 patients: 44.9%), whereas aspiration pneumonia was not (P = .00). WSS did not prolong the interval to patient discharge (P = .06) or induce an allergic reaction or chemotoxicity over 1 week. The absence of aspiration-induced complications and adverse drug effects suggests that, compared with MBSS, WSS may increase aspiration sensitivity and early switching to oral feeding.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución , Neumonía por Aspiración , Bario , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Deglución , Trastornos de Deglución/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de Deglución/complicaciones , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Yohexol/efectos adversos , Neumonía por Aspiración/inducido químicamente , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , AguaRESUMEN
Although lung involvement in aspiration pneumonia typically has a gravity-dependent distribution on chest images, which patient's conditions contribute to its radiological pattern has not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to determine the factors associated with the gravity-dependent distribution of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on chest computed tomography (CT). This retrospective study included elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years with CAP who underwent chest CT within 1 week before or after admission. The factors associated with lower lobe- and posterior-predominant distributions of ground glass opacity or airspace consolidation were determined. Of the 369 patients with CAP, 348 (94%) underwent chest CT. Multivariate analyses showed that impaired consciousness, a low Barthel index of activities of daily living, and high hemoglobin levels were associated with lower lobe-predominant distribution, while male sex and impaired consciousness were associated with posterior-predominant distribution. Cerebrovascular diseases were unrelated to these distributions. While male sex, impaired consciousness, high hemoglobin levels, low albumin levels, and the number of involved lobes were associated with in-hospital mortality, gravity-dependent distributions were not. Impaired consciousness might be the most significant predictor of aspiration pneumonia; however, the gravity-dependent distribution of this disease is unlikely to affect disease prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas , Neumonía por Aspiración , Neumonía , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/diagnóstico por imagen , Gravitación , Hemoglobinas , Humanos , Pulmón , Masculino , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Comparison of clinical findings, chest radiographs (CXR), lung ultrasound (LUS) findings, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at admission and serial follow-up in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) is lacking. HYPOTHESIS: Lung ultrasound lesions in dogs with AP are similar to those described in humans with community-acquired pneumonia (comAP); the severity of CXR and LUS lesions are similar; normalization of CRP concentration precedes resolution of imaging abnormalities and more closely reflects the clinical improvement of dogs. ANIMALS: Seventeen dogs with AP. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Clinical examination, CXR, LUS, and CRP measurements performed at admission (n = 17), 2 weeks (n = 13), and 1 month after diagnosis (n = 6). All dogs received antimicrobial therapy. Lung ultrasound and CXR canine aspiration scoring systems used to compare abnormalities. RESULTS: B-lines and shred signs with or without bronchograms were identified on LUS in 14 of 17 and 16 of 17, at admission. Chest radiographs and LUS scores differed significantly using both canine AP scoring systems at each time point (18 regions per dog, P < .001). Clinical and CRP normalization occurred in all dogs during follow up. Shred signs disappeared on LUS in all but 1 of 6 dogs at 1 month follow-up, while B-lines and CXR abnormalities persisted in 4 of 6 and all dogs, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Lung ultrasound findings resemble those of humans with comAP and differ from CXR findings. Shred signs and high CRP concentrations better reflect clinical findings during serial evaluation of dogs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Neumonía por Aspiración , Neumonía , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Perros , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/veterinaria , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía por Aspiración/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
Aspiration pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in both adults and children that, however, is difficult to accurately diagnose. In current literature, there are no reports or clinical research study focused on the possible use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis and follow-up of aspiration pneumonia in children. In this case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, radiological results as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of three children with severe disability and diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia. In these three cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Neumonía por Aspiración , Neumonía , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/complicaciones , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiología , Ultrasonografía/métodosRESUMEN
COVID-19 was first confirmed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and is now spreading worldwide. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is sometimes difficult due to the absence of symptoms and its tendency to be masked by other diseases. In this paper, we report a COVID-19 case in which diagnosis was delayed due to aspiration pneumonia. A 64-year-old man visited our department for evaluation of swallowing function. However, during the examination, the patient aspirated testing food and subsequently developed a fever. Based on his medical history and computed tomography (CT) images, he was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia and admitted to the hospital to begin treatment. However, after admission, his respiratory condition deteriorated, and the result of a COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was positive. Previous reports have shown that CT images in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were normal in the early phase, and abnormalities usually appeared approximately 6-11 days after onset. Common findings of COVID-19 are consolidation, ground-glass opacities, and a distribution of lesions predominantly in the bilateral inferior lung field periphery. It is difficult to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from other types of pneumonia; it should therefore be listed as a differential diagnosis during the current pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Neumonía por Aspiración , Neumonía , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Prueba de COVID-19 , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , SARS-CoV-2Asunto(s)
Atresia Esofágica , Neumonía por Aspiración , Fístula Traqueoesofágica , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiología , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/complicaciones , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirugíaRESUMEN
Gas embolism is a potential and often life-threatening complication of central venous catheters. We report a case of air embolism after tearing of the central catheter associated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The severity of the clinical situation meant choices had to be made regarding the order of treatments. This clinical case provided useful eye-openers for patient management regarding the prioritization of treatments as well as the possibilities offered by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.