RESUMEN
There are a number of procedures for regeneration of injured nerves; however, tissue engineering scaffolds seems to be a promising approach for recovery of the functionality of the injured nerves. Consequently, in this study, olibanum-collagen-gelatin scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-cast technology. For this purpose, the olibanum and collagen were extracted from natural sources. The effect of solidification gradient on microstructure and properties of scaffolds was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the formation of lamellar-type microstructure in which the average pore size reduced with an increase in freezing rate. According to the results, the prepared scaffolds at lower freezing rate showed a slight reduction in mechanical strength while the swelling and biodegradation ratio were increased due to the presence of larger pores and unidirectional channels. The composition of scaffolds and oriented microstructure improved cellular interaction. In addition, scaffolds with lower freezing rate exhibited promising results in terms of adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. In brief, the synthesized scaffolds at lower solidification rate have the potential for more in vitro and in vivo analyses to regeneration of neural defects.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno/química , Olíbano/química , Gelatina/química , Regeneración Nerviosa , Tejido Nervioso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Boswellia/química , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/aislamiento & purificación , Olíbano/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Porosidad , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Frankincense essential oil, obtained from Boswellia carteri, is a popular essential oil, which is widely used in many parts of the world. While some of its properties are known, its effects on stress and sleep have not been studied. The effects of frankincense essential oil and its major components, limonene and α-pinene, on plasma corticosterone and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as on sleep and wakefulness behaviour, were studied in sleep-deprived rats. The substances were applied topically after dilution in jojoba oil (vehicle). As compared to vehicle, frankincense essential oil at a dilution of 1/1000 (1:103) significantly reduced corticosterone levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, its major constituents (α-pinene and limonene), elevated levels of this stress hormone. Frankincense, limonene and α-pinene, all led to significant reductions in plasma GSH levels. Although frankincense dose-dependently reduced plasma concentrations of antioxidant ions albeit to levels insufficient to neutralize oxidative stress; levels of products of oxidative metabolism metabolites were decreased by the frankincense. In sleep-deprived rats, frankincense 1:103 respectively increased and decreased the amount of wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Frankincense essential oil can counter the effects of stress by effectively relieving sleep debt and maintaining antioxidant capacity without increasing oxidative stress, and, therefore, may be beneficial in the management of stress.