[Balance between cardiovascular pharmacological and hemolytic effects of saponins of Panax notogenseng].

PNS (total saponins of Panax notognseng, PNS) has a clear effect and wide application prospect for cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, saponins have hemolytic properties, which are related to its molecular structure type and dosage. On one hand, this article summarizes the research progress of PNS in heart cerebrovascular pharmacology pharmacological in recent five years, a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo for overall body, organs, cells and molecules, show that PNS could improve myocardial and cerebral ischemia injury, and it has effects in resisting thrombosis, inflammation, oxidation, atherosclerosis, and modulating vascular endothelial cells function and improving the cerebral ischemia injury etc. On the other hand, the hemolysis effect of PNS is closely related to its molecular structure type and administrating dosage. Different structures bring about different hemolysis activities. Structure-activity relationship suggests that the length of sugar side chains attached to C-20 and the disaccharide connection mode on C-3 may influence the hemolysis activity of PNS. Within the dose range from 2.5 to 250 mg•L⁻¹, PNS has no hemolysis activity. However, PNS exhibits hemolytic properties at high concentrations(≥500 mg•L⁻¹). Based on the hemolytic or anti-hemolysis characteristics of saponins, and dose-response relationship, the rational clinical application of PNS can be guaranteed by controlling the ratio of hemolytic monosaponins in PNS and improving the hemolytic test method.

[Material for evaluation of notoginseng total saponin preparation induced pseudoanaphylactoid reactions].

The experiment is designed to explore pathological festures and material basis of pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation. Mouse pseadoanaphylactoid reaction was used, 50 ICR mice were randomly assigned to control group, positive medicine group, notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation high-dose group on average. They are treated by intravenous injection of test substance solutions containing 0.4% Evans blue (EB). 30 min later, scores of ear blue staining and quantitation of ear EB exudation were recorded. Another two experiment were repeated in the same way excluding EB, just to. detect the related cytokines in serum using ELISA. We found that the scores of pseudoanaphylactoid reaction in notoginseng total saponin preparation injection middle-dose group and high-dose group was evidently higher than that in control group, suggesting that notoginseng total saponin preparation injection may be can lead to pseadoanaphylactoid reaction. HE staining showed that pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation injection is related to inflammation. Histamine, VEGF and TNF-α levels in notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group and high-dose group significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) than control group and showed a dose-dependent manner as well as consistent with the degree of ear blue dye. While IL-6 and IL-10 content did not increase significantly in notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group and middle-dose group, but they significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when it increased to quadrupe clinical concentrations, eight times of the clinical dose. So pseadoanaphylactoid reaction caused by notoginseng total saponin preparation may be related to histamine, VEGF, TNF-α, and it is possible that IL-6 and IL-10 can play a role when pseadoanaphylactoid reaction achieve a certain high degree.