Popcorn-like bimetallic palladium/platinum exhibiting enhanced peroxidase-like activity for signal enhancement in lateral flow immunoassay.

BACKGROUND: The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is widely employed as a point-of-care testing (POCT) technique. However, its limited sensitivity hinders its application in detecting biomarkers with low abundance. Recently, the utilization of nanozymes has been implemented to enhance the sensitivity of LFIA by catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The catalytic performance of nanozymes plays a crucial role in influencing the sensitivity of LFIA. RESULTS: The Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc-Pd@Pt (CO-Pd@Pt) nanozyme with good peroxidase-like activity was synthesized herein through a facile one-pot method employing Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc extract as a reducing agent. The morphology and composition of the CO-Pd@Pt nanozyme were characterized using TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS. As a proof of concept, the as-synthesized CO-Pd@Pt nanozyme was utilized in LFIA (CO-Pd@Pt-LFIA) for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Compared to conventional gold nanoparticles-based LFIA (AuNPs-LFIA), CO-Pd@Pt-LFIA demonstrated a significant enhancement in the limit of detection (LOD, 0.08 mIU/mL), which is approximately 160 times lower than that of AuNPs-LFIA. Furthermore, experiments evaluating accuracy, precision, selectivity, interference, and stability have confirmed the practical applicability of CO-Pd@Pt-LFIA for hCG content determination. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study presents a novel approach for the synthesis of bimetallic nanozymes through environmentally friendly methods, utilizing plant extracts as both protective and reducing agents. Additionally, an easily implementable technique is proposed to enhance signal detection in lateral flow immunoassays.

Hollow versatile Ag@Pt alloy nanoparticles with nanozyme activity for detection and photothermal sterilization of Helicobacter pylori.

In view of a large number of people infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with great harm followed, there is an urgent need to develop a non-invasive, easy-to-operate, and rapid detection method, and to identify effective sterilization strategies. In this study, highly specific nanoprobes with nanozyme activity, Ag@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with the antibody, were utilized as a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The optical label (Ag@Pt NPs) was enhanced by the introduction of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and compared with a gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) optical label. Under the optimal condition, Ag@Pt-LFIA and TMB-enhanced Ag@Pt-LFIA for H. pylori were successfully established, two of which were over twofold and 100-fold more sensitive than conventional visual Au NP-based LFIA, respectively. Furthermore, Ag@Pt NPs with the antibody irradiated with NIR laser (808 nm) at a power intensity of 550 mW/cm2 for 5 min exhibited a remarkable antibacterial effect. The nanoprobes could close to bacteria through effective interactions between antibodies and bacteria, thereby benefiting photothermal sterilization. Overall, Ag@Pt NPs provide promising applications in pathogen detection and therapeutic applications.

Pt-Ru bimetallic nanoclusters with peroxidase-like activity for antibacterial therapy.

Drug-resistant bacteria arising from antibiotic abuse infections have always been a serious threat to human health. Killing bacteria with toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an ideal antibacterial method for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Here, we prepared Pt-Ru bimetallic nanoclusters (Pt-Ru NCs) with higher peroxidase (POD)-like activity than Pt monometallic nanoclusters. Pt-Ru can easily catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to produce ·OH, thereby catalyzing the transformation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenylamine (TMB) to blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB). We utilized the POD-like activity of the Pt-Ru NCs for antibacterial therapy. The results showed that at doses of 40 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL, the Pt-Ru NCs exhibited extraordinary antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating the enormous potential of Pt-Ru NCs as antibacterial agents.

Ti3C2 Nanosheets Functionalized with Ferritin-Biomimetic Platinum Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Biosensors of Nitrite.

Nitrites widely exist in human life and the natural environment, but excessive contents of nitrites will result in adverse effects on the environment and human health; hence, sensitive and stable nitrite detection systems are needed. In this study, we report the synthesis of Ti3C2 nanosheets functionalized with apoferritin (ApoF)-biomimetic platinum (Pt) nanoparticle (Pt@ApoF/Ti3C2) composite materials, which were formed by using ApoF as a template and protein-inspired biomineralization. The formed nanohybrid exhibits excellent electrochemical sensing performance towards nitrite (NaNO2). Specifically, the Pt@ApoF catalyzes the conversion of nitrites into nitrates, converting the chemical signal into an electrical signal. The prepared Pt@ApoF/Ti3C2-based electrochemical NaNO2 biosensors demonstrate a wide detection range of 0.001-9 mM with a low detection limit of 0.425 µM. Additionally, the biosensors possess high selectivity and sensitivity while maintaining a relatively stable electrochemical sensing performance within 7 days, enabling the monitoring of NaNO2 in complex environments. The successful preparation of the Pt@ApoF/Ti3C2 nanohybrid materials provides a new approach for constructing efficient electrochemical biosensors, offering a simple and rapid method for detecting NaNO2 in complex environments.

Development of a Neuropeptide Y-Sensitive Implantable Microelectrode for Continuous Measurements.

In this work, we present the development of the first implantable aptamer-based platinum microelectrode for continuous measurement of a nonelectroactive molecule, neuropeptide Y (NPY). The aptamer immobilization was performed via conjugation chemistry and characterized using cyclic voltammetry before and after the surface modification. The redox label, methylene blue (MB), was attached at the end of the aptamer sequence and characterized using square wave voltammetry (SWV). NPY standard solutions in a three-electrode cell were used to test three aptamers in steady-state measurement using SWV for optimization. The aptamer with the best performance in the steady-state measurements was chosen, and continuous measurements were performed in a flow cell system using intermittent pulse amperometry. Dynamic measurements were compared against confounding and similar peptides such as pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY, as well as somatostatin to determine the selectivity in the same modified microelectrode. Our Pt-microelectrode aptamer-based NPY biosensor provides signals 10 times higher for NPY compared to the confounding molecules. This proof-of-concept shows the first potential implantable microelectrode that is selectively sensitive to NPY concentration changes.

A novel electrochemical aptasensor based on AgPdNPs/PEI-GO and hollow nanobox-like Pt@Ni-CoHNBs for procymidone detection.

Herein, an aptasensor based on a signal amplification strategy was developed for the sensitive detection of procymidone (PCM). AgPd nanoparticles/Polenimine Graphite oxide (AgPdNPs/PEI-GO) was weaned as electrode modification material to facilitate electron transport and increase the active sites on the electrode surface. Besides, Pt@Ni-Co nanoboxes (Pt@Ni-CoHNBs) were utilized to be carriers for signaling tags, after hollowing ZIF-67 and growing Pt, the resulting Pt@Ni-CoHNBs has a tremendous amounts of folds occurred on the surface, enables it to carry a larger quantity of thionine, thus amplify the detectable electrochemical signal. In the presence of PCM, the binding of PCM to the signal probe would trigger a change in electrical signal. The aptasensor was demonstrated with excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit of 0.98 pg·mL-1, along with a wide linear range of 1 µg·mL-1 to 1 pg·mL-1. Meanwhile, the specificity, stability and reproducibility of the constructed aptasensor were proved to be satisfactory.

Mild hyperthermia enhanced synergistic uric acid degradation and multiple ROS elimination for an effective acute gout therapy.

BACKGROUND: Acute gouty is caused by the excessive accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals within various parts of the body, which leads to a deterioration of the local microenvironment. This degradation is marked by elevated levels of uric acid (UA), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, hypoxic conditions, an upsurge in pro-inflammatory mediators, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS: In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoparticle of polydopamine-platinum (PDA@Pt) to combat acute gout by leveraging mild hyperthermia to synergistically enhance UA degradation and anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, PDA acts as a foundational template that facilitates the growth of a Pt shell on the surface of its nanospheres, leading to the formation of the PDA@Pt nanomedicine. Within this therapeutic agent, the Pt nanoparticle catalyzes the decomposition of UA and actively breaks down endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2, which helps to alleviate hypoxic conditions. Concurrently, the PDA component possesses exceptional capacity for ROS scavenging. Most significantly, Both PDA and Pt shell exhibit absorption in the Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) region, which not only endow PDA@Pt with superior photothermal conversion efficiency for effective photothermal therapy (PTT) but also substantially enhances the nanomedicine's capacity for UA degradation, O2 production and ROS scavenging enzymatic activities. This photothermally-enhanced approach effectively facilitates the repair of mitochondrial damage and downregulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: The multifunctional nanomedicine PDA@Pt exhibits exceptional efficacy in UA reduction and anti-inflammatory effects, presenting a promising potential therapeutic strategy for the management of acute gout.

Electrochemical Detection of a Breast Cancer Biomarker with an Amine-Functionalized Nanocomposite Pt-Fe3O4-MWCNTs-NH2 as a Signal-Amplifying Label.

We report an ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor to detect the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3. Amine-functionalized composite of reduced graphene oxide and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MRGO-NH2) was used as an electrochemical sensing platform material to modify the electrodes. The nanocomposite comprising Pt and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt-Fe3O4-MWCNTs-NH2) was utilized as a pseudoenzymatic signal-amplifying label. Compared to reduced graphene oxide, the composite MRGO-NH2 platform material demonstrated a higher electrochemical signal. In the Pt-Fe3O4-MWCNTs-NH2 label, multiwalled carbon nanotubes provided the substratum to anchor abundant catalytic Pt and Fe3O4 NPs. The nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An electroanalytical study and prevalidation of the immunosensor was carried out. The immunosensor exhibited exceptional capabilities in detecting CA 15-3, offering a wider linear range of 0.0005-100 U mL-1 and a lower detection limit of 0.00008 U mL-1. Moreover, the designed immunosensor showed good specificity, reproducibility, and acceptable stability. The sensor was successfully applied to analyze samples from breast cancer patients, yielding reliable results.

Synergistic enhancement of wearable biosensor through Pt single-atom catalyst for sweat analysis.

Real-time monitoring of biological markers in sweat is a valuable tool for health assessment. In this study, we have developed an innovative wearable biosensor for precise analysis of glucose in sweat during physical activities. The sensor is based on a single-atom catalyst of platinum (Pt) uniformly dispersed on tricobalt tetroxide (Co3O4) nanorods and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), featuring a unique three-dimensional nanostructure and excellent glucose electrocatalytic performance with a wide detection range of 1-800 µM. Additionally, density functional theory calculations have revealed the synergetic role of Pt active sites in the Pt single-atom catalyst (Co3O4/rGO/Pt) in glucose adsorption and electron transfer, thereby enhancing sensor performance. To enable application in wearable devices, we designed an S-shaped microfluidic chip and a point-of-care testing (POCT) device, both of which were validated for effectiveness through actual use by volunteers. This research provides valuable insights and innovative approaches for analyzing sweat glucose using wearable devices, contributing to the advancement of personalized healthcare.

Catalytic Performance in Nitroarene Reduction of Nanocatalyst Based on Noble Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Polymer/s-Layer Protein Hybrids.

We present a novel bionanocatalyst fabricated by the adsorption-reduction of metal ions on a polyurethane/S-layer protein biotemplate. The bioinspired support was obtained by the adsorption of S-layer proteins (isolated from Lentilactobacillus kefiri) on polyurethane particles. Silver and platinum nanoparticles were well-loaded on the surface of the support after the combination with metallic salts and reduction with H2 at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the strawberry-like morphology of the bionanocatalysts with a particle size, dn, of 2.39 nm for platinum and 9.60 nm for silver. Both systems catalyzed the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol with high efficiency in water at mild conditions in the presence of NaBH4. Three different amounts of bionanocatalyst were tested, and in all cases, conversions between 97 and 99% were observed. The catalysts displayed excellent recyclability over ten cycles, and no extensive damage in their nanostructure was noted after them. The bionanocatalysts were stable during their production, storage, and use, thanks to the fact that the biosupport provides an effective driving force in the formation and stabilization of the metallic nanoparticles. The successful bioinspired production strategy and the good catalytic ability of the systems are encouraging in the search for nontoxic, simple, clean, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and exploitation of nanostructures.

Development of aptamer surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor based on Fe3O4@Pt and Au@Ag nanoparticles for the determination of acetamiprid.

As a common chlorinated nicotinic pesticide with high insecticidal activity, acetamiprid has been widely used for pest control. However, the irrational use of acetamiprid will pollute the environment and thus affect human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple, highly sensitive, and rapid method for acetamiprid residue detection. In this study, the capture probe (Fe3O4@Pt-Aptamer) was connected with the signal probe (Au@DTNB@Ag CS-cDNA) to form an assembly with multiple SERS-enhanced effects. Combined with magnetic separation technology, a SERS sensor with high sensitivity and stability was constructed to detect acetamiprid residue. Based on the optimal conditions, the SERS intensity measured at 1333 cm-1 is in relation to the concentration of acetamiprid in the range 2.25 × 10-9-2.25 × 10-5 M, and the calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 2.87 × 10-10 M. There was no cross-reactivity with thiacloprid, clothianidin, nitenpyram, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos, indicating that this method has good sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the method was applied to the detection of acetamiprid in cucumber samples, and the average recoveries were 94.19-103.58%, with RSD < 2.32%. The sensor can be used to analyse real samples with fast detection speed, high sensitivity, and high selectivity.

The influence of thioether-substituted ligands in dicopper(II) complexes: Enhancing oxidation and biological activities.

This paper describes the synthesis, structural analysis, as well as the magnetic and spectroscopic characterizations of three new dicopper(II) complexes with dinucleating phenol-based ligands containing different thioether donor substituents: aromatic (1), aliphatic (2) or thiophene (3). Temperature-dependent magnetometry reveals the presence of antiferromagnetic coupling for 1 and 3 (J = -2.27 cm-1 and -5.01 cm-1, respectively, H = -2JS1S2) and ferromagnetic coupling for 2 (J = 5.72 cm-1). Broken symmetry DFT calculations attribute this behavior to a major contribution from the dz2 orbitals for 1 and 3, and from the dx2-y2 orbitals for 2, along with the p orbitals of the oxygens. The bioinspired catalytic activities of these complexes related to catechol oxidase were studied using 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol as substrate. The order of catalytic rates for the substrate oxidation follows the trend 1 > 2 > 3 with kcat of (90.79 ± 2.90) × 10-3 for 1, (64.21 ± 0.99) × 10-3 for 2 and (14.20 ± 0.32) × 10-3 s-1 for 3. The complexes also cleave DNA through an oxidative mechanism with minor-groove preference, as indicated by experimental and molecular docking assays. Antimicrobial potential of these highly active complexes has shown that 3 inhibits both Staphylococcus aureus bacterium and Epidermophyton floccosum fungus. Notably, the complexes were found to be nontoxic to normal cells but exhibited cytotoxicity against epidermoid carcinoma cells, surpassing the activity of the metallodrug cisplatin. This research shows the multifaceted properties of these complexes, making them promising candidates for various applications in catalysis, nucleic acids research, and antimicrobial activities.

Disrupting glycolysis and DNA repair in anaplastic thyroid cancer with nucleus-targeting platinum nanoclusters.

Cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis and DNA repair signals to drive tumor growth and develop drug resistance. Yet, fine-tuning aerobic glycolysis with the assist of nanotechnology, for example, dampening lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for cancer cell metabolic reprograming remains to be investigated. Here we focus on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) as an extremely malignant cancer with the high expression of LDH, and develop a pH-responsive and nucleus-targeting platinum nanocluster (Pt@TAT/sPEG) to simultaneously targets LDH and exacerbates DNA damage. Pt@TAT/sPEG effectively disrupts LDH activity, reducing lactate production and ATP levels, and meanwhile induces ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis in ATC tumor cells. We found Pt@TAT/sPEG also blocks nucleotide excision repair pathway and achieves effective tumor cell killing. In an orthotopic ATC xenograft model, Pt@TAT/sPEG demonstrates superior tumor growth suppression compared to Pt@sPEG and cisplatin. This nanostrategy offers a feasible approach to simultaneously inhibit glycolysis and DNA repair for metabolic reprogramming and enhanced tumor chemotherapy.

A Photodynamic and Photochemotherapeutic Platinum-Iridium Charge-Transfer Conjugate for Anticancer Therapy.

The novel hetero-dinuclear complex trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(py)2(N3)2(OH)(µ-OOCCH2CH2CONHCH2-bpyMe)IrIII(ppy)2]Cl (Pt-Ir), exhibits charge transfer between the acceptor photochemotherapeutic Pt(IV) (Pt-OH) and donor photodynamic Ir(III) (Ir-NH2) fragments. It is stable in the dark, but undergoes photodecomposition more rapidly than the Pt(IV) parent complex (Pt-OH) to generate Pt(II) species, an azidyl radical and 1O2. The Ir(III)* excited state, formed after irradiation, can oxidise NADH to NAD⋅ radicals and NAD+. Pt-Ir is highly photocytotoxic towards cancer cells with a high photocytotoxicity index upon irradiation with blue light (465 nm, 4.8 mW/cm2), even with short light-exposure times (10-60 min). In contrast, the mononuclear Pt-OH and Ir-NH2 subunits and their simple mixture are much less potent. Cellular Pt accumulation was higher for Pt-Ir compared to Pt-OH. Irradiation of Pt-Ir in cancer cells damages nuclei and releases chromosomes. Synchrotron-XRF revealed ca. 4× higher levels of intracellular platinum compared to iridium in Pt-Ir treated cells under dark conditions. Luminescent Pt-Ir distributes over the whole cell and generates ROS and 1O2 within 1 h of irradiation. Iridium localises strongly in small compartments, suggestive of complex cleavage and excretion via recycling vesicles (e.g. lysosomes). The combination of PDT and PACT motifs in one molecule, provides Pt-Ir with a novel strategy for multimodal phototherapy.

Multiplex nanozymatic biosensing of Salmonella on a finger-actuated microfluidic chip.

A colorimetric biosensor was elaboratively designed for fast, sensitive and multiplex bacterial detection on a single microfluidic chip using immune magnetic nanobeads for specific bacterial separation, immune gold@platinum palladium nanoparticles for specific bacterial labeling, a finger-actuated mixer for efficient immunoreaction and two coaxial rotatable magnetic fields for magnetic nanobead capture (outer one) and magnet-actuated valve control (inner one). First, preloaded bacteria, nanobeads and nanozymes were mixed through a finger actuator to form nanobead-bacteria-nanozyme conjugates, which were captured by the outer magnetic field. After the inner magnetic field was rotated to successively wash the conjugates and push the H2O2-TMB substrate for resuspending these conjugates, colorless TMB was catalyzed into blue TMBox products, followed by color analysis using ImageJ software for bacterial determination. This simple biosensor enabled multiplex Salmonella detection as low as 9 CFU per sample in 45 min.

Dual amplification for PEC ultrasensitive aptasensing of biomarker HER-2 based on Z-scheme UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction and flower-like PtPdCu nanozyme.

As an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer, human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is of importance for assessing prognosis of breast cancer patients, whose accurate and facile analysis are imperative in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Herein, photoactive Z-scheme UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction was constructed by a hydrothermal method, whose optical property and photoactivity were critically investigated by a range of techniques, combined by elucidating the interfacial charge transfer mechanism. Meanwhile, PtPdCu nanoflowers (NFs) were fabricated by a simple aqueous wet-chemical method, whose peroxidase (POD)-mimicking catalytic activity was scrutinized by representative tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation in H2O2 system. Taken together, the UiO-66/CdIn2S4 based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was established for quantitative analysis of HER-2, where the detection signals were further magnified through catalytic precipitation reaction towards 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) oxidation (assisted by the PtPdCu NFs nanozyme). The PEC aptasensor presented a broader linear range within 0.1 pg mL-1-0.1 µg mL-1 and a lower limit of detection of 0.07 pg mL-1. This work developed a new PEC aptasensor for ultrasensitive determination of HER-2, holding substantial promise for clinical diagnostics.

Quantifying platinum binding on protein-functionalized magnetic microparticles using single particle-ICP-TOF-MS.

This work describes an analytical procedure, single particle-inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS), that was developed to determine the platinum binding efficiency of protein-coated magnetic microparticles. SP-ICP-TOF-MS is advantageous due to its ability to quasi-simultaneously detect all nuclides (7Li-242Pu), allowing for both platinum and iron (composition of magnetic microparticles) to be measured concurrently. This method subsequently allows for the differentiation between bound and unbound platinum. The 1 µm magnetic microparticles were fully characterized for their iron concentration, particle concentration, and trace element composition by bulk digestion-ICP-MS and SP-ICP-TOF-MS. The results of both approaches agreed with the certificate values. Using the single particle methodology the platinum loading was quantified to be to 0.18 ± 0.02 fg per particle and 0.32 ± 0.02 fg per particle, for the streptavidin-coated and azurin-coated microparticles, respectively. Both streptavidin-coated and the azurin-coated microparticles had a particle-platinum association of >65%. Platinum bound samples were also analyzed via bulk digestion-based ICP-MS. The bulk ICP-MS results overestimated platinum loading due to free platinum in the samples. This highlights the importance of single particle analysis for a closer inspection of platinum binding performance. The SP-ICP-TOF-MS approach offers advantages over typical bulk digestion methods by eliminating laborious sample preparation, enabling differentiation between bound/unbound platinum in a solution, and quantification of platinum on a particle-by-particle basis. The procedure presented here enables quantification of metal content per particle, which could be broadly implemented for other single particle applications.

Joint forces of mass spectrometric techniques (ICP-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS) and fluorescence spectrometry in the study of platinum-based cytostatic drugs interactions with metallothionein MT2 and MT3.

Herby, the interaction of metallothioneins with commonly used Pt-based anticancer drugs - cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin - was investigated using the combined power of elemental (i.e. LA-ICP-MS, CE-ICP-MS) and molecular (i.e. MALDI-TOF-MS) analytical techniques providing not only required information about the interaction, but also the benefit of low sample consumption. The amount of Cd and Pt incorporated within the protein was determined for protein monomers and dimer/oligomers formed by non-oxidative dimerization. Moreover, fluorescence spectrometry using Zn2+-selective fluorescent indicator - FluoZin3 - was employed to monitor the ability of Pt drugs to release natively occurring Zn from the protein molecule. The investigation was carried out using two protein isoforms (i.e. MT2, MT3), and significant differences in behaviour of these two isoforms were observed. The main attention was paid to elucidating whether the protein dimerization/oligomerization may be the reason for the potential failure of the anticancer therapy based on these drugs. Based on the results, it was demonstrated that the interaction of MT2 (both monomers and dimers) interacted with Pt drugs significantly less compared to MT3 (both monomers and dimers). Also, a significant difference between monomeric and dimeric forms (both MT2 and MT3) was not observed. This may suggest that dimer formation is not the key factor leading to the inactivation of Pt drugs.

Unraveling the binding interactions between two Pt(II) complexes of aliphatic glycine derivatives with human serum albumin: A comprehensive computational and multi-spectral investigation.

This article delves into the interaction between HSA protein and synthesized platinum complexes, with formula: [Pt(Propyl-NH2)2(Propylglycine)]NO3 and [Pt(Tertpentyl-NH2)2(Tertpentylglycine)]NO3, through a range of methods, including spectroscopic (UV-visible, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence and CD) analysis and computational modeling (molecular docking and MD simulation). The binding constants, the number of binding sites, and thermodynamic parameters were obtained at 25 to 37 °C. The study found that both complexes could bind with HSA (moderate affinity for Tertpentyl and strong affinity for Propyl derivatives) and occupied one binding site in HSA (validated with, Stern-Volmer, Job-plots, and molecular docking investigations) located in subdomain IIA. The binding mechanisms of both mentioned Pt(II) agents were different, with the Propyl derivative predominantly using van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond interactions with a static quenching mechanism and the Tertpentyl derivative mainly utilizing hydrophobic force with a dynamic quenching mechanism. However, the two ligands affected protein differently; the Tertpentyl complex did not significantly alter the protein structure upon binding, as evidenced by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), CD spectroscopy, and MD analysis. The outcome helps in understanding the binding mechanisms and structural modifications induced by the ligands, which could aid in the innovation of more effective and stable Pt(II)-based drugs.

Boosting Photothermocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene Over Pt/N-TiO2: The Gear Effect of Light and Heat.

Photothermal catalysis is extremely promising for the removal of various indoor pollutants owing to its photothermal synergistic effect, while the low light utilization efficiency and unclear catalytic synergistic mechanism hinder its practical applications. Here, nitrogen atoms are introduced, and Pt nanoparticles are loaded on TiO2 to construct Pt/N-TiO2-H2, which exhibits 3.5-fold higher toluene conversion rate than the pure TiO2. Compared to both photocatalytic and thermocatalytic processes, Pt/N-TiO2-H2 exhibited remarkable performance and stability in the photothermocatalytic oxidation of toluene, achieving 98.4% conversion and 98.3% CO2 yield under a light intensity of 260 mW cm-2. Furthermore, Pt/N-TiO2-H2 demonstrated potential practical applicability in the photothermocatalytic elimination of various indoor volatile organic compounds. The synergistic effect occurs as thermocatalysis accelerates the accumulation of carboxylate species and the degradation of aldehyde species, while photocatalysis promotes the generation of aldehyde species and the consumption of carboxylate species. This ultimately enhances the photothermocatalytic process. The photothermal synergistic effect involves the specific conversion of intermediates through the interplay of light and heat, providing novel insights for the design of photothermocatalytic materials and the understanding of photothermal mechanisms.