Educational strategies for preventing accidents in childhood: a systematic review.

Accidents in childhood have a high morbidity and mortality rate and are often preventable, which reinforces the importance of educational measures to prevent unintentional injuries. This study aimed to identify and describe useful educational strategies for preventing childhood accidents in communities. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA (2020) and registered on the PROSPERO platform (ID: CRD42024500956). A search strategy was developed by combining the descriptors "Accident Prevention", "Child", and "Health Education" with the Boolean operator AND, applied to the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 5,037 studies were located, including observational articles published from 2018 to 2023, with children aged 0-12 years and/or their parents/caregivers. The quality of the studies was assessed based on the Qualitative Studies Checklist and the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank instruments. The bibliographic sample consisted of 30 articles, mostly classified as high quality, with a population of 4,510 adults and 54,190 children from various countries. Educational strategies for accident prevention were described, aimed at parents and guardians, children, and both. This review, addressing innovative educational strategies for preventing childhood accidents, highlights playful approaches for children and visual methods for caregivers. Implementation faces challenges related to evaluation and socioeconomic factors, making rigorous criteria and prolonged follow-ups important for continuous effectiveness.

[Hand accident prevention]. / Prévention des accidents de la main.

HAND ACCIDENT PREVENTION. Advances in surgical techniques and a better organization with SOS mains structures have improved the management of hand injuries. However, there are still too many accidents, which can lead to functional and aesthetic after-effects, as well as their socio-professional consequences. The prevention of hand injuries is therefore mandatory. It is organized with three levels: primary prevention, that aims to prevent the occurrence of the accident itself; secondary prevention, to guide and provide the best emergency care for the patient; and tertiary prevention, to avoid deprofessionalization and provide support for any physical and psychological after-effects.

PREVENTION DES ACCIDENTS DE LA MAIN. Les progrès des techniques chirurgicales et l'organisation en services SOS mains ont contribué à améliorer la prise en charge des accidents de la main. Ceux-ci restent cependant nombreux et peuvent entraîner des séquelles fonctionnelles, esthétiques et avoir des conséquences socioprofessionnelles. La prévention des accidents de la main est donc fondamentale. Elle s'organise en trois volets : la prévention primaire pour éviter la survenue de l'accident, la prévention secondaire pour orienter et prendre en charge au mieux le patient, et la prévention tertiaire afin d'éviter une déprofessionnalisation et accompagner les séquelles physiques et psychologiques éventuelles.

[Bicycle accidents in the course of time in Münster, Germany : Analysis of changes in bicycle accidents over the past 10 years]. / Münsteraner Fahrradunfälle im Wandel der Zeit : Analyse der Entwicklung der Fahrradunfälle in den letzten 10 Jahren.

BACKGROUND: Bicycles have been a popular means of transport for many years. Especially in times of increased climate discussion, the bicycle has moved further into focus as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective means of transport. Bike lanes and roads are becoming more crowded and new means of transport such as pedelecs or e­scooters are emerging. METHODS: A total of four studies by Münster University Hospital on bicycle accidents and the official accident statistics of the Münster police were compared. In the period from 2009 to 2019, three studies were conducted that considered all bicycle accidents and one study that only considered pedelec riders separately. RESULTS: The age distribution as well as main causes of accidents remained almost the same over the years. The number of pedelec accidents has increased. Pedelec riders have a higher average age and a higher proportion of intensive care stays; however, this cohort also has a high rate of helmet wearers. Overall, the willingness to wear a helmet seems to have increased. CONCLUSION: It should be considered that with increasing bicycle traffic, safety measures must be increased accordingly. In this respect, accident prevention should focus on three major areas, engineering, education and enforcement.

Comparative study of fault tree analysis and 24Model: taking the cause analysis of the Quanzhou Xinjia Hotel collapse accident as an example.

A comparative study was conducted to compare the accident cause analysis methods of fault tree analysis (FTA) and 24Model. A major accident - the Xinjia Hotel collapse accident - was selected as the research object, the causes of the accident were reanalysed and accident prevention countermeasures were designed based on 24Model and FTA, respectively, and the systematic characteristics of 24Model were summarized. The research shows that both 24Model and FTA can carry out risk assessment, accident cause analysis and preventive countermeasure design based on their own rules. Different from FTA, 24Model has static and dynamic structures of specific forms, the definition of causes and factors in the model is more comprehensive and the analysis method is more hierarchical and normative. 24Model can analyse the deep-level cultural and system causes, but the analysis process does not use quantitative methods, only qualitative methods. 24Model has eight systematic characteristics, such as integrity, hierarchy and dynamics.

Diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores: revisión integradora / Fall prevention diagram for older adults: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Propor um diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas, baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Métodos A construção do diagrama foi embasada no modelo de Nola Pender e em seus elementos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de coletar dados sobre características e experiências individuais, sentimentos e conhecimentos e adoção de comportamento saudável para prevenção de quedas. Após a coleta dessas informações, realizou-se análise de similitude dos estudos selecionados por meio do IRaMuTeQ. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude facilitaram o agrupamento dos estudos quanto aos elementos encontrados e, assim, proporcionaram a organização do diagrama de prevenção de quedas. Resultados A amostra final foi constituída de 54 artigos, divididos de acordo com os elementos do modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordavam características e experiências individuais, 40 sentimentos e conhecimentos, e 20 eram referentes ao comportamento. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude geraram um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes: queda, prevenção, mulher e medo. Já as palavras menos frequentes foram cognição, autoeficácia, transporte e planejamento, os quais contribuíram para a construção do diagrama. Conclusão A partir da revisão, elaborou-se um diagrama, que favoreceu a identificação dos fatores pessoais, barreiras e facilidades, para um comportamento desejável à prevenção de quedas.

Resumen Objetivo Proponer un diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores, basado en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Métodos La elaboración del diagrama se basó en el modelo de Nola Pender y sus elementos. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio de revisión integradora con el objetivo de recopilar datos sobre características y experiencias individuales, sentimientos y conocimientos y adopción de un comportamiento saludable para la prevención de caídas. Después de recopilar la información, se realizó un análisis de similitud de los estudios seleccionados mediante IRaMuTeQ. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud permitieron agrupar los estudios respecto a los elementos encontrados y, de esta forma, proporcionaron la organización del diagrama de prevención de caídas. Resultados La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 54 artículos, divididos de acuerdo con los elementos del modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordaban características y experiencias individuales, 40 sentimientos y conocimientos y 20 eran sobre el comportamiento. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud generaron un conjunto semántico de palabras más frecuentes: caída, prevención, mujer y miedo. Por otro lado, las palabras menos frecuentes fueron: cognición, autoeficacia, transporte y planificación, que contribuyeron para la elaboración del diagrama. Conclusión A partir de la revisión, se elaboró un diagrama que favoreció la identificación de los factores personales, barreras y facilidades para un comportamiento conveniente en la prevención de caídas.

Abstract Objective To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. Methods Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender's model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender's model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction. Conclusion From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

CREAS e covid-19: desafios e perspectivas da psicologia no Norte de Minas / CREAS and covid-19: challenges and perspectives for Northern Minas Gerais psychology / CREAS y covid-19: desafíos y perspectivas de la psicología en el Norte de Minas

Este artigo analisa os desafios e estratégias de atuação de psicólogas(os) nos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (CREAS) do norte de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quanti-qualitativo, de corte transversal e com análise de conteúdo e estatística para a interpretação de dados primários e meio de questionário eletrônico, emergiram os seguintes eixos temáticos: (a) Perfil sociodemográfico das(os) trabalhadoras(es); (b) Medidas de prevenção à contaminação para quem? Impactos da pandemia na práxis da psicologia no CREAS; (c) Chegada das demandas no CREAS; e (d) Tenuidade entre as potencialidades e vicissitudes do uso das tecnologias digitais. Observou-se que a inserção das(os) trabalhadoras(es) nos CREAS é marcada por contratos temporários, altas jornadas de trabalho e baixa remuneração. Além disso, com a pandemia de covid-19, têm enfrentado obstáculos como a falta de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e de prevenção ao vírus. A chegada de demandas aos CREAS também foi afetada pela pandemia, como apontam as análises estatísticas dos registros mensais de atendimento dos municípios. As tecnologias digitais se configuraram como a principal estratégia adotada no ambiente de trabalho dos CREAS. Conclui-se que, se por um lado, a pandemia engendrou e acentuou obstáculos para a práxis da psicologia; por outro, a imprevisibilidade desse cenário e a potência da psicologia norte-mineira possibilitaram diversas estratégias para assistir os usuários.(AU)

This article analyses the challenges and strategies over the psychologists activity at the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CREAS), from the north of the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a descriptive, quantitative-qualitative study on content and statistics analysis for interpretation of primary and secondary data, with 19 psychologists participating. From interviews made with electronic questionnaires, the following theatrical axes emerged: (a) Social demographic profile of workers; (b) Prevention measures over contamination directed to which public? The impacts of the pandemic over the practice of psychology at CREAS; (c) Demand reception at CREAS; and (d) Tenuity between potentialities and vicissitudes of the use of digital technologies. The workers insertion at CREAS is notably marked by transitory working contracts, long labor journeys, and low wages. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing hindrances such as the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) and virus prevention. The demands received by CREAS were also affected by the pandemic, as shown in the statistics analysis from monthly county treatment records. The digital technologies were the main strategy enforced by the working environment at CREAS. In conclusion, if on the one hand, the pandemic produced and increased obstacles for the practice of Psychology, on the other hand, the unpredictability of this scenery and the capacity of the psychology of the north of Minas Gerais enabled diverse strategies to attend the users.(AU)

Este artículo analiza los desafíos y las estrategias en la actuación de psicólogas(os) en los Centros de Referencia Especializados de Asistencia Social (CREAS) del norte de Minas Gerais (Brasil) durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualicuantitativo, de cohorte transversal, con análisis de contenido y estadísticas para la interpretación de datos primarios y secundarios, en el cual participaron 19 psicólogas(os). De las entrevistas en un cuestionario electrónico surgieron los siguientes ejes temáticos: (a) perfil sociodemográfico de los(as) trabajadores(as); (b) medidas de prevención de la contaminación ¿para quién? Impactos de la pandemia en la praxis de la psicología en CREAS; (c) la llegada de demandas a CREAS y; (d) la tenuidad entre las potencialidades y vicisitudes del uso de tecnologías digitales. Se observó que la inserción de las(os) trabajadoras(es) en el CREAS está marcada por contratos laborales temporales, largas jornadas y baja remuneración. Además, con la pandemia de la COVID-19, se han enfrentado a obstáculos como la falta de equipo de protección personal (EPP) y prevención del virus. La llegada de demandas al CREAS también se vio afectada por la pandemia, como lo demuestran los análisis estadísticos de los registros mensuales de atención de los municipios. Las tecnologías digitales se han convertido en la principal estrategia adoptada en el entorno laboral de los CREAS. Se concluye que si, por un lado, la pandemia engendró y acentuó obstáculos a la praxis de la Psicología, por otro, la imprevisibilidad de este escenario y el poder de la Psicología en el norte de Minas Gerais posibilitaron varias estrategias para asistir a los usuarios.(AU)

Prevenção de quedas no contexto hospitalar: Perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem à luz da teoria ambientalista / Preventing falls in the hospital context: Perspective of nursing residents in light of environmental theory / Prevención de caídas en el contexto hospitalario: perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería a la luz de la teoría ambiental

Objetivo: identificar e analisar a perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem sobre prevenção de quedas no ambiente hospitalar à luz da teoria ambientalista de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Esse trabalho é oriundo da dissertação intitulada.: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeiros residentes aos pacientes vulneráveis a quedas no contexto hospitalar. Resultados: os participantes entendem que o ambiente hospitalar pode influenciar o risco de quedas. Entre os fatores ambientais mais citados são grades não elevados; Distância dos leitos do posto de enfermagem; banheiros insalubres. Conclusão: os residentes demonstraram compreender quais são os fatores ambientais que impactam na queda e quais as ações pré estabelecidas para prevenir a ocorrências de quedas. No entanto uma amostra maior, com método quantitativo, pode ser benéfico em estudos futuros

Objective: to identify the perspective of nursing residents in the hospital environment on environmental factors in preventing falls; Analyze environmental factors and correlate them with Florence Nigthingale's environmental theory. Methods: the present study is descriptive-exploratory in nature, with a qualitative data approach. This work comes from the dissertation entitled: Educational measures implemented by resident nurses for patients vulnerable to falls in the hospital context. Results: participants understand that the hospital environment can influence the risk of falls. Among the most cited environmental factors are non-elevated railings; Distance of beds from the nursing station; unsanitary bathrooms. Conclusion: residents demonstrated an understanding of the environmental factors that impact falls and what pre-established actions are taken to prevent falls from occurring. However, a larger sample, with a quantitative method, could be beneficial in future studies

Objetivos:identificar la perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario sobre los factores ambientales en la prevención de caídas; Analizar los factores ambientales y correlacionarlos con la teoría ambiental de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: el presente estudio es de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, con un enfoque de datos cualitativos. Este trabajo surge de la disertación titulada: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeros residentes para pacientes vulnerables a caídas en el contexto hospitalario. Resultados: los participantes entienden que el ambiente hospitalario puede influir en el riesgo de caídas. Entre los factores ambientales más citados se encuentran las barandillas no elevadas; Distancia de las camas desde el puesto de enfermería; baños insalubres. Conclusión: los residentes demostraron comprensión de los factores ambientales que impactan las caídas y qué acciones preestablecidas se toman para evitar que ocurran caídas. Sin embargo, una muestra más grande, con un método cuantitativo, podría resultar beneficiosa en futuros estudios

Research on safety supervision and management system of China railway based on association rule and DEMATEL.

Safety management is a key issue in the railroad industry that needs to be continuously focused on. And it is essential to study causes of accidents for preventing accidents. However, there is a limited academic discussion on the systematic study of organizations and accidents, as well as their safety-related interactions and accidents, as opposed to human-caused disasters. Thus, the model of China's railway safety supervision and management system by sorting out the existing organizations involved in management in China is established in this paper. Firstly, social forces and auxiliary enterprises are specifically added to the model. And then, the relationship between organizations and accidents, as well as the relationship between safety interactions among organizations and accidents are explored by analyzing 224 accident reports, which led to 4 principles for accident prevention. Finally, based on these principles, measures to secure organizational nodes, as well as measures to promote safe interactions among organizations are proposed. The results showed that: (1) China Railway node is not only the most critical node in the safety supervision and management system but also the most vulnerable to the influence of other nodes. (2) The accident occurred due to the simultaneous occurrence of an accident at the China Railway node and the social force node. (3) When there are often safety risks in auxiliary enterprises and social forces simultaneously, the government's management is likely to be defective. The findings in this study can provide helpful references not only for improvement of safety management system structure and supervision and management mechanism but also for the formulation of safety supervision and management policies in China and other countries.

Educational technologies for accident prevention due to falls in childhood: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to map evidence on educational technology use for accident prevention due to falls in childhood. METHODS: a scoping review, carried out in October and November 2022, in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, BDENF and CINAHL databases and LILACS bibliographic index. There was no delimitation of language or time. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively by two independent researchers. The research protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. RESULTS: twenty-six studies were selected. Booklets, pamphlets and leaflets were the most used technologies, presenting health services as the most frequent environment to develop research on fall prevention. The technologies developed were important outcomes: increased knowledge of children, family members, caregivers, health and education professionals. CONCLUSIONS: educational technology use makes it possible to increase knowledge, adopt safe practices and reduce falls.

Avaliação do sistema de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador relacionada aos acidentes de trabalho, antes e após a implantação do software de linkage Sentinela, em Porto Alegre, 2018-2021 / Evaluation of the occupational health surveillance system before and after the implementation of the Sentinela linkage software, in Porto Alegre, 2018-2021 / Evaluación del sistema de vigilancia de la salud del trabajador relacionada con los accidentes de trabajo, antes y después de la implementación del software de enlace Sentinela, en Porto Alegre, 2018-2021

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar, segundo alguns atributos, o sistema de vigilância dos acidentes de trabalho antes e após a implantação do software Sentinela (2018-2021), com base em uma pesquisa descritiva de dados secundários, e efetuar recomendações. Foram analisadas variáveis da ficha de investigação, de acordo com os atributos qualidade dos dados (completitude e consistência), oportunidade e representatividade. Os resultados mostraram que, após o Sentinela, houve aumento da notificação de acidentes (66,16%), maior completitude das variáveis, com importante alteração na 'atividade econômica' (98,9%) e 'evolução' (96,3%), diminuição dos campos ignorados/em branco, com destaque para o campo 'evolução' (3,7%), e melhora na oportunidade de controle dos acidentes fatais (79 dias). Concluímos que a vigilância dos acidentes de trabalho tem excelente qualidade dos dados, é representativa, mas inoportuna. O Sentinela melhorou o sistema, tornando-o mais sensível na captação dos acidentes e permitindo-lhe ter informações de melhor qualidade. É necessária a avaliação rotineira dos atributos, para aprimoramento constante do sistema, assim como rever as rotinas das equipes de saúde, melhorando a oportunidade de controle por meio de suas ações

This article aims to evaluate the occupational health surveillance system before and after the implementa-tion of the Sentinela software (2018-2021), according to some attributes and based on descriptive research using secondary data, and to make recommendations. Variables of the accident investigation report were analysed, according to the attributes of data quality (completeness and consistency), opportunity and rep-resentativeness. The results have revealed that after Sentinela, there was an increase in the notification of accidents (66.16%), greater completeness of the variables, with an important change in 'economic activity' (98.9%) and 'evolution' (96.3%), a decreased in blank fields/information missing, with emphasis on the 'evolution' field (3.7%), and an improvement in the opportunity to control fatal accidents (79 days). We have concluded that the surveillance of the occupational accidents has excellent data quality, is representative, but inopportune. The Sentinela has improved the system, making it more sensitive in capturing accidents, allowing it to provide better quality of information. An evaluation of the attributes is routinely necessary to constantly improve the system, as well as reviewing the routines of health professionals, improving the opportunity to control by their actions

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar, según algunos atributos, el sistema de vigilancia de los accidentes de trabajo antes y después de la implementación del software Sentinela (2018-2021), por medio de una investigación descriptiva de datos secundarios, y hacer recomendaciones. Fueron analizadas variables de la ficha de investigación de accidentes, de acuerdo con los atributos de calidad de los datos (completitud y consistencia), oportunidad y representatividad. Los resultados demostraron que, después del Sentinela, ha habido un aumento de la notificación de accidentes (66,16 %), una mayor completitud de las variables, con un cambio importante en 'actividad económica' (98,9 %) y 'evolución' (96,3 %), una disminución de campos ignorados/en blanco, con énfasis en el campo 'evolución' (3,7%), y mejora en la probabilidad de control de los accidentes mortales (79 días). Concluimos que la vigilancia de los accidentes de trabajo tiene excelente calidad de datos, es representativa, pero inoportuna. El Sentinela ha mejorado el sistema, haciéndolo más sensible en la captación de los accidentes y permitiéndole tener informaciones de mejor calidad. La evaluación de los atributos con regularidad es necesaria para el perfeccionamiento constante del sistema, así como la revisión de las rutinas de los equipos de salud, mejorando la oportunidad de control a través de sus acciones

Mortalidad en accidentes por moto en Venezuela, y su relación con Políticas Públicas de seguridad vial y preventiva,1996-2018 / Mortality in motorcycle accidents in Venezuela and relationship with public road safety and preventive policies, 1996 - 2018

Los accidentes de tránsito son un problema de salud pública de gran magnitud y gravedad, en las Américas; Venezuela ocupa un lugar destacado por su alta incidencia. El objetivo de la investigación es establecer la relación entre las políticas públicas para la prevención de los accidentes de motocicletas, y las tasas de mortalidad. Metodología: Estudio documental retrospectivo de las políticas viales y las tasas de mortalidad específicas de lesionados por accidentes de motocicletas en Venezuela durante el período 1996-2018. Resultados: como causa de muerte en Venezuela (2000-2018), representa casi 7% del total, entre 6 a 50% del total de las muertes por accidentes de tránsito terrestre y se mantiene muy alta al final del período, con fallecidos por motocicletas sobre 25%. La elevación de la curva endémica de mortalidad ocurrió simultáneamente al aumento en la producción e importación de motocicletas, y cayó durante la crisis económica, en el año 2014. La legislación actualizada mas no acatada en esta materia, es notoria Conclusiones: Los accidentes de motocicleta son un problema de salud pública de primer orden en Venezuela asociadas al clima económico y social, las tasas de mortalidad tuvieron su máxima meseta de elevación durante la bonanza petrolera 2005-2013. Las políticas asociadas a la prevención de accidentes viales en moto están fragmentadas, son ineficientes y reactivas a situaciones complejas, deficientemente aplicadas por los organismos de tránsito responsables a escala nacional, regional y municipal.

Introduction. Traffic accidents are a public health problem of great magnitude and gravity in the Americas; Venezuela occupies a prominent place for its high incidence. The objective of the research is to establish the relationship between public policies for the prevention of motorcycle accidents, and mortality rates. Methodology: Retrospective documentary study of road policies and specific mortality rates of those injured by motorcycle accidents in Venezuela during the period 1996-2018. Descriptive statistical analysis with trend lines, frequency distributions and annual average rates. Results: cause of death in Venezuela (2000-2018), represents almost 7% of the total. The burden of motorcycle injury deaths represents between 6 to 50% of total road traffic fatalities and remains very high at the end of the period, with motorcycle fatalities over 25%. The elevation of the endemic mortality curve occurred simultaneously with the increase in the production and import of motorcycles, and fell concomitantly with the economic crisis in 2014. Conclusions: Motorcycle accidents are a public health problem of the first order in Venezuela associated with the economic and social climate, mortality rates had their maximum plateau of elevation during the oil economic boom 2005-2013. The policies associated with the prevention of road accidents by motorcycle are fragmented, inefficient and reactive to complex situations and poorly applied by the responsible traffic agencies at national, regional and municipal level.

Promoción de la seguridad vial y prevención de los accidentes de tránsito en el adulto

Wire Strikes and In-Air Obstacle Collisions During Agricultural Aviation Operations.

INTRODUCTION: Wire strikes and in-air collisions with obstacles are a leading cause of accidents in the aerial application industry. While some of these collisions occur due to unseen obstacles, some pilots report being previously aware of the obstacles that they collide with. Whether or not pilots are aware of obstacles pre-collision is an important factor to inform methods of accident prevention.METHODS: Final reports from the National Transportation Safety Board were analyzed for Part 137 Agricultural Operation accidents that took place between January 2020 and December 2022. A deeper analysis of cases that involved an in-air collision with an obstacle was performed, excluding cases that were attributable to an external cause (e.g., aerodynamic stall). The pilot's awareness of the obstacle pre-accident was inferred from accident narratives if available.RESULTS: Nearly half of all accidents (N = 45 of 107) involved an in-air collision with an obstacle (e.g., wire, tree, pole) as the defining event. In cases where pilot awareness of the obstacle was determinable through the accident report, over half of pilots (N = 21 of 39) had previously seen this obstacle yet still made contact with it.DISCUSSION: In-air obstacle collisions make up a substantial portion of accidents within Part 137 Agricultural Operations. Nearly half of pilots were already aware of the obstacle before collision, indicating that inadequate preparation in scoping the field is not a predominant driver of these events. Instead, these findings suggest that other factors including distractions, high task difficulty, and errors in decision-making may contribute.Baumgartner HM. Wire strikes and in-air obstacle collisions during agricultural aviation operations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(11):852-856.

Áreas geográficas con mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito en San Salvador, El Salvador: un análisis espacial del periodo 2014-2018 / Geographic areas with the highest concentration of traffic accidents in San Salvador, El Salvador: a spatial analysis of the 2014-2018 period

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar las áreas de mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados en el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS). Materiales y métodos. Los accidentes de tránsito se analizaron espacialmente mediante la ubicación puntual y por la sumatoria de eventos en áreas de 200 m2. La ubicación puntual se analizó mediante «análisis de vecinos más cercanos¼, mientras que las áreas con la sumatoria de accidentes de tránsito se analizaron mediante Gi* de Getis-Ord para obtener los puntos calientes. Los puntos calientes resultantes con mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito en el AMSS se evaluaron en campo mediante un formulario de observación de las características de infraestructura y seguridad vial. Resultados. Al analizar 8191 accidentes de tránsito reportados entre 2014‒2018, se identificaron cinco áreas con mayor cantidad de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados, principalmente sobre vías primarias. Conclusión. Los sitios de mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados se caracterizan por una infraestructura vial con daños considerables y falta de sistemas de seguridad para conductores y peatones. El análisis espacial de los accidentes de tránsito y lesionados puede contribuir a mejorar la vigilancia y seguridad vial en el AMSS.

ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to identify the areas with the highest concentration of traffic accidents and injuries in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area (SSMA). Materials and methods. Traffic accidents were analyzed spatially by point location and by the sum of events in areas of 200 m2. The point location was analyzed by "nearest neighbor analysis", while the areas with the sum of traffic accidents were analyzed by Getis-Ord Gi* to obtain the hot spots. The resulting hot spots with the highest concentration of traffic accidents in the SSMA were evaluated in the field using an observation form to collect data on infrastructure and road safety characteristics. Results. Five areas with the highest number of traffic accidents and injuries, mainly containing primary roads, were identified by analyzing 8191 traffic accidents reported between 2014-2018. Conclusion. The sites with the highest concentration of traffic accidents and injuries were characterized by considerably damaged road infrastructure and the lack of safety systems for drivers and pedestrians. The spatial analysis of traffic accidents and injuries can contribute to improve surveillance and road safety in the SSMA.

Current challenges of university laboratory: Characteristics of human factors and safety management system deficiencies based on accident statistics.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, with the rapid development of university laboratory construction, frequent laboratory accidents have aroused widespread concern. There is an urgent need to improve laboratory safety management's effectiveness further, enhance laboratory accident prevention ability, and reduce the occurrence of accidents. METHOD: Based on the accident causation theory, this paper uses the accident analysis path of 24Model and the logical idea of WBA (Why-Because-Analysis) to statistically analyze the causative factors of 64 typical college laboratory fire and explosion accidents and find out the defects of current college laboratory management. RESULTS: The study showed that unsafe human actions at the individual level were the most critical factors affecting laboratory safety management, with a high frequency of violations of experimental procedures (105 times) and managers' failure to perform their supervisory duties (98 times); low safety awareness and insufficient safety knowledge among laboratory personnel were key factors triggering unsafe actions. At the organizational level, the lack of training programs (92 times) and the lack of systematic procedures (106 times) are the weaknesses of the laboratory safety management system in general in all universities; the lack of safety culture construction is the root cause of laboratory management deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above statistical results, and taking into account the characteristics of university laboratories themselves, the root causes of poor safety are specifically analyzed and preventive measures are proposed in six areas to address the key causes of accidents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study are essential for improving the ability to prevent accidents in flammable and explosive laboratories in universities.

Slicing Through the Layers of Pediatric Unintentional Injury With the Swiss Cheese Model: A Topical Review.

Pediatric unintentional injury significantly burdens children, families, and society. Behavioral researchers have examined the problem for decades, identifying many risk factors and greatly enhancing knowledge of the injury antecedent process. Approaches using theories and models to guide inquiry into etiology and prevention are still needed. We offer an approach borrowed from the field of human factors to enhance understanding and prevention. We focus our exploration on an error modeling and accident investigation tool called the Swiss Cheese Model. We first introduce the basic elements of the model. Next, we apply error modeling concepts to example scenarios drawn from real unintentional incidents and discuss the implications for understanding etiology and prevention. Finally, potential future directions are discussed to illustrate paths for the advancement of injury etiology and prevention.

Preventing selfie-related incidents: Taking a public health approach to reduce unnecessary burden on emergency medicine services.

Unintentional deaths from selfies have received limited exposure in emergency medicine literature; yet trauma remains the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults, and most of those implicated in a selfie incident are in this demographic. Selfie-related injuries and deaths may be a relatively new phenomenon, but data suggest they are a public health hazard that is not going away. Emergency medicine practitioners may have a role to play in the primary and secondary prevention of selfie incidents, including delivering opportunistic behaviour change messaging to those who are at risk of being injured or killed in a selfie-related incident, particularly young (14-25 years) males. Emergency medicine specialists should be aware of the dangers of selfie-related incidents and understand their polytraumatic presentation.