RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids followed by subsequent application of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel (xHyA) gel, or with SD alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with stages II-III (grades A/B) generalised periodontitis were randomly treated with either SD (control) or SD plus adjunctive sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA gel (test). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per quadrant in each patient at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Pooled sample analysis was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of detection frequencies and changes in numbers of the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i). RESULTS: In terms of detection frequency, in the test group, statistically significant reductions were found for P.g, T.f, T.d and P.i (p < 0.05) after 6 months. In the control group, the detection frequencies of all investigated bacterial species at 6 months were comparable to the baseline values (p > 0.05). The comparison of the test and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in detection frequency for P.g (p = 0.034), T.d (p < 0.01) and P.i (p = 0.02) after 6 months, favouring the test group. Regarding reduction in detection frequency scores, at 6 months, statistically significant differences in favour of the test group were observed for all investigated bacterial species: A.a (p = 0.028), P.g (p = 0.028), T.f (p = 0.004), T.d (p <0.001), and P.i (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The present microbiological results, which are related to short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment, support the adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Aminoácidos , Placa Dental , Ácido Hialurónico , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/uso terapéutico , Hipoclorito de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Tannerella forsythia/efectos de los fármacos , Treponema denticola/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Placa Dental/microbiología , Aminoácidos/uso terapéutico , Desbridamiento Periodontal/métodos , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Geles , Terapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/uso terapéutico , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiología , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Periodontitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/terapia , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to isolate antibacterial compounds active against periodontopathic bacteria from mulberry (Morus alba) leaves. METHODS: The acetone-soluble fraction of mulberry leaves was extracted from the oil layer by oil/water separation. The extract was purified using silica gel open-column chromatography. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract or purified fractions against Porphyromonas gingivalis was measured at each step. RESULTS: The MIC of the crude extract against P. gingivalis was 62.5-125 µg/mL. The fractions showing activity against P. gingivalis were designated Cf K and Cf P. The MICs of Cf K against P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus mutans were 6.25 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the MICs of Cf P against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and S. mutans were 25.0 µg/mL, >50 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 12.5-25.0 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mulberry leaves contain antibacterial components against periodontopathic bacteria such as P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Morus , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Streptococcus mutans , Morus/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Periodontitis compromises the integrity and function of tooth-supporting structures. Although therapeutic approaches have been offered, predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues remains intangible, particularly in anatomically complex defects. In this work, personalized and defect-specific antibiotic-laden polymeric scaffolds containing metronidazole (MET), tetracycline (TCH), or their combination (MET/TCH) were created via electrospinning. An initial screening of the synthesized fibers comprising chemo-morphological analyses, cytocompatibility assessment, and antimicrobial validation against periodontopathogens was accomplished to determine the cell-friendly and anti-infective nature of the scaffolds. According to the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial data, the 1:3 MET/TCH formulation was used to obtain three-dimensional defect-specific scaffolds to treat periodontally compromised three-wall osseous defects in rats. Inflammatory cell response and new bone formation were assessed by histology. Micro-computerized tomography was performed to assess bone loss in the furcation area at 2 and 6 weeks post implantation. Chemo-morphological and cell compatibility analyses confirmed the synthesis of cytocompatible antibiotic-laden fibers with antimicrobial action. Importantly, the 1:3 MET/TCH defect-specific scaffolds led to increased new bone formation, lower bone loss, and reduced inflammatory response when compared to antibiotic-free scaffolds. Altogether, our results suggest that the fabrication of defect-specific antibiotic-laden scaffolds holds great potential toward the development of personalized (i.e., patient-specific medication) scaffolds to ablate infection while affording regenerative properties.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Metronidazol/farmacología , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Antibacterianos/química , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Materiales , Metronidazol/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tamaño de la Partícula , Periodontitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/patología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Tetraciclina/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new quinolone, lascufloxacin, for the treatment of complicated pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Prevotella intermedia using a neutropenic mice pneumonia mixed-infection model. In this study, one S. pneumoniae and four P. intermedia isolates were utilized. Antimicrobial efficacy was calculated for each isolate as the reduction of the bacterial count comparatively to the non-treated mice (log10 colony forming units (cfu)/mL) obtained in the lungs of the treated mice after 24 h. Consequently, the bacterial densities of S. pneumoniae (KY-9) and P. intermedia (335) in the lungs of control animals were 8.20 ± 0.19 log10 cfu/mL and 5.26 ± 1.50 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. At human-simulated doses, lascufloxacin and levofloxacin showed high antimicrobial activities against not only S. pneumoniae (lascufloxacin: 1.88 ± 0.43 log10 cfu/mL, p < 0.001; levofloxacin 4.30 ± 0.75 log10 cfu/mL, p < 0.001), but also P. intermedia (lascufloxacin: 1.54 ± 0.57 log10 cfu/mL, p < 0.001; levofloxacin: 2.79 ± 0.55 log10 cfu/mL, p = 0.0102). Additionally, levofloxacin demonstrated attenuated antimicrobial efficacies against S. pneumoniae in the mixed-infection model compared with that in the single infection model. In contrast, lascufloxacin showed enhanced antimicrobial activities against S. pneumoniae and P. intermedia in the mixed-infection model. In conclusion, lascufloxacin resulted in enhanced efficacies against S. pneumoniae and P. intermedia, in both the single and mixed-infection models used. These data support the clinical utility of lascufloxacin for use against S. pneumoniae and P. intermedia in the treatment of pneumonia.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Levofloxacino/farmacología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Coinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neumonía/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Diosgenin (Dios), a natural steroidal sapogenin, is a bioactive compound extracted from dietary fenugreek seeds. It has a wide range of applications, exhibiting antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. However, whether the extracts have beneficial effects on periodontal pathogens has so far remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of Dios on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) in vitro. The antimicrobial effect of Dios on P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was assessed by a direct contact test (DCT) and the Cell Counting Kit (CCK)8 assay at 60, 90 and 120 min. In addition, counting of colonyforming units (CFU) and live/dead cell staining were used to evaluate the antibacterial effects. The results of the DCT and CCK8 assays indicated that Dios had beneficial dosedependent inhibitory effects on P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. The CFU counting results also indicated that Dios had dosedependent antibacterial effects on P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Of note, Dios had significant antibacterial effects on the biofilms of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in vitro as visualized by the live/dead cell staining method. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that Dios had a marked antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in vitro, both in suspension and on biofilms. The present study highlighted the potential applications of Dios as a novel natural agent to prevent and treat periodontitis through its antibacterial effects.
Asunto(s)
Diosgenina/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , China , Diosgenina/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Periodontitis/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Prevotella intermedia/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Acute bacterial pericarditis is rare, and the incidence numbers have been declining in the modern antibiotic era. Purulent bacterial pericarditis is a fatal disease in which mortality rates can reach 100% if left untreated. CASE REPORT We present a case of primary purulent bacterial pericarditis with polymicrobial growth including Micromonas micro, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium species, all of which are anaerobic flora of the oral cavity. Constant re-accumulation of the purulent pericardial effusion led the patient to have recurrent echocardiographic and clinical cardiac tamponade requiring recurrent pericardiocentesis' and eventually a pericardial window. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, bacterial pericarditis has been noted to lead to clinical and echocardiographic tamponade. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary for improving clinical outcomes. It is important to have a suspicion for purulent pericarditis, due to its high level of mortality, in patients who present with non-specific symptoms and pleuritic chest pain.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias Anaerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Taponamiento Cardíaco/microbiología , Taponamiento Cardíaco/terapia , Pericarditis/microbiología , Pericarditis/terapia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Fusobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pericardiocentesis , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades RarasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Electrospun PLA fiber devices were investigated in the form of fiber mats and disks. Metronidazole was used as an active agent; its concentration was 12.2 and 25.7 wt% in the devices. METHODS: The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, drug release by dissolution measurements, while the antimicrobial efficiency was tested on five bacterial strains. RESULTS: The XRD study showed that the polymer was partially crystalline in both devices, but a part of metronidazole precipitated and was in the form of crystals among and within the fibers. Liquid penetration and dissolution were different in the two devices, they were faster in disks and slower in fiber mats, due to the morphology of the device and the action of capillary forces. Disks released the drug much faster than fiber mats. Although the release study indicated fast drug dissolution, the concentration achieved a plateau value in 24 hrs for the disks; the inhibition effect lasted much longer, 13 days for bacteria sensitive to metronidazole. The longer inhibition period could be explained by the slower diffusion of metronidazole located inside the fibers of the device. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the devices may be effective in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Metronidazol/farmacología , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Poliésteres/química , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Eikenella corrodens/efectos de los fármacos , Firmicutes/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Metronidazol/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
AIM: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the adjunctive role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the improvement of clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters among adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) during the period of 6 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty adolescent patients undergoing FOT were divided into following two groups; Group-A: PDT as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling (FMS) and, Group-B: FMS alone. Full-mouth plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were estimated using full-mouth six point periodontal charting. Plaque samples were collected for percentage bacterial counts of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling technique was employed for estimation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All measurements were performed at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in Group-A and Group-B was 15.4 years and 14.2 years, respectively. The mean duration for fixed orthodontic therapy in patients for Group A and B were 1.25 and 1.3 years, respectively. At 3 weeks follow up, both groups showed significant reduction in PS and BOP (pâ¯<â¯0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in BOP and PI at 6 weeks (pâ¯<â¯0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in IL-6 at 3 weeks and TNF-α at 6 weeks between both groups (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The percentage levels for both Pi and Pg significantly reduced at 3 weeks follow up in both the groups, however, these levels were again raised at 6 weeks follow up. There was a statistically significant difference between Group-A and Group-B (pâ¯<â¯0.05) at 3 weeks and 6 weeks follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to FMS helps to improve clinical gingival parameters, microbial and inflammatory load. PDT showed additional benefits in reducing bleeding scores in adolescent patients undergoing FOT.
Asunto(s)
Encuestas de Salud Bucal , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Ortodoncia/métodos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Adolescente , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative treatment modality has been used adjunctively in the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Photosensitizing agents in the form of nanoparticles have been designed for improving the efficiency of aPTD. Graphene quantum dots are a special type of nanocrystals that can promote aPDT when coupled with curcumin (Cur). The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of photoexcited GQD-Cur on the metabolic activity of perio-pathogen mixed biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GQD-Cur was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cell cytotoxicity effect of GQD-Cur was evaluated on primary human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells. Perio-pathogen mixed biofilms including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia photosensitized with GQD doped with Cur were irradiated with a blue LED at a wavelength of 435 ± 20 nm for 1 min, and then bacterial viability measurements were performed. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm formation ability, amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) released, and variations of gene expressions involved in biofilm formation were assessed. RESULTS: The SEM, DLS, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrometry, and XRD pattern confirmed that GQD-Cur was synthesized successfully. According to the results, GQD-Cur exhibited no cytotoxicity against HuGu cells. Photoexcited GQD-Cur resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability (93%) and biofilm formation capacity (76%) of peri-pathogens compared to the control group (P < 0.05). According to the results, a significant concentration-dependent increase in the ROS generation was observed in perio-pathogens mixed cells treated with different doses of GQD-Cur-aPDT. Moreover, rcpA, fimA, and inpA gene expression profiles were downregulated by 8.1-, 9.6-, and 11.8-folds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, photoexcited GQD-Cur have a high potency of perio-pathogens suppression in planktonic and biofilm forms and downregulation of the biofilm genes expression pattern was exploited as a nanoscale-based platform for periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Curcumina/farmacología , Grafito/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Puntos Cuánticos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular , Periimplantitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periimplantitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/microbiología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/síntesis química , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a food additive with antimicrobial activity. Here we evaluated the effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10) on four major oral bacterial species, in both single- and mixed-culture. PolyP3 inhibited three opportunistic pathogenic species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the contrary, a commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was relatively less susceptible to polyP3 than the pathogens. When all bacterial species were co-cultured, polyP3 (≥ 0.09%) significantly reduced their total growth and biofilm formation, among which the three pathogenic bacteria were selectively inhibited. Collectively, polyP3 may be an alternative antibacterial agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria.Polyphosphate (polyP) is a food additive with antimicrobial activity. Here we evaluated the effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10) on four major oral bacterial species, in both single- and mixed-culture. PolyP3 inhibited three opportunistic pathogenic species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the contrary, a commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was relatively less susceptible to polyP3 than the pathogens. When all bacterial species were co-cultured, polyP3 (≥ 0.09%) significantly reduced their total growth and biofilm formation, among which the three pathogenic bacteria were selectively inhibited. Collectively, polyP3 may be an alternative antibacterial agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Placa Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Polifosfatos/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Placa Dental/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Boca/microbiología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/prevención & control , Streptococcus gordonii/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
There is evidence that pathogenic bacteria can adapt to antiseptics upon repeated exposure. More alarming is the concomitant increase in antibiotic resistance that has been described for some pathogens. Unfortunately, effects of adaptation and cross-adaptation are hardly known for oral pathogens, which are very frequently exposed to antiseptics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the in vitro increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in oral pathogens after repeated exposure to chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride, to examine if (cross-)adaptation to antiseptics/antibiotics occurs, if (cross-)adaptation is reversible and what the potential underlying mechanisms are. When the pathogens were exposed to antiseptics, their MICs significantly increased. This increase was in general at least partially conserved after regrowth without antiseptics. Some of the adapted species also showed cross-adaptation, as shown by increased MICs of antibiotics and the other antiseptic. In most antiseptic-adapted bacteria, cell-surface hydrophobicity was increased and mass-spectrometry analysis revealed changes in expression of proteins involved in a wide range of functional domains. These in vitro data shows the adaptation and cross-adaptation of oral pathogens to antiseptics and antibiotics. This was related to changes in cell surface hydrophobicity and in expression of proteins involved in membrane transport, virulence, oxidative stress protection and metabolism.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Cetilpiridinio/farmacología , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Adaptación Biológica , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Transporte Biológico , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estrés Oxidativo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Dominios Proteicos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus sobrinus/efectos de los fármacos , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Hinokitiol, a component of the essential oil isolated from Cupressaceae, possesses antibacterial and antifungal activities and has been used in oral care products. In this study, the antibacterial activities of hinokitiol toward various oral, nasal and nasopharyngeal pathogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant and -susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes were examined. Growth of all these bacterial strains was significantly inhibited by hinokitiol, minimal inhibitory concentrations of hinokitiol against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, antibiotic-susceptible S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes being 0.3, 1.0, 1.0, 30, 0.5, 50, 50, 30, 0.3-1.0, 0.5, and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, with the exception of P. gingivalis, hinokitiol exerted bactericidal effects against all bacterial strains 1 hr after exposure. Hinokitiol did not display any significant cytotoxicity toward the human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9-22, pharyngeal epithelial cell line Detroit 562, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or human gingival fibroblasts, with the exception of treatment with 500 µg/mL hinokitiol, which decreased numbers of viable Ca9-22 cells and gingival fibroblasts by 13% and 12%, respectively. These results suggest that hinokitiol exhibits antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and has low cytotoxicity towards human epithelial cells.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Boca/microbiología , Tropolona/análogos & derivados , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus sobrinus/efectos de los fármacos , Tropolona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of novel pH-activated nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro and in vivo. The NPs were synthesized from a quaternary ammonium chitosan, i.e., N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan, a liposome, and doxycycline (TMC-Lip-DOX NPs). The cytocompatibility of the NPs was evaluated. The TMC-Lip-DOX NPs achieved superb inhibition of free mixed bacteria and biofilm formation. They also showed excellent biocompatibility with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Animal experiments showed that the NPs strongly inhibited biofilm formation and prevented alveolar bone absorption in vivo. All the results indicate that the TMC-Lip-DOX NPs have good potential for use in the treatment of periodontal and other inflammatory diseases.
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Compuestos de Amonio/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liposomas/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ligamento Periodontal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Doxiciclina/química , Doxiciclina/farmacología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ensayo de Materiales , Imagen Óptica , Ligamento Periodontal/citología , Ligamento Periodontal/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/fisiología , RatasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined use of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) for oral health maintenance. DESIGN: The effects of L. salivarius WB21 on growth of Streptococcus mutans, the insoluble glucan produced by S. mutans, and on growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated in vitro. In addition, the susceptibility of five oral pathogenic bacteria and L. salivarius WB21 to EGCg, the inhibiting effect of EGCg on methyl mercaptan, and the effects of L. salivarius WB21 and EGCg in combination on growth of P. gingivalis were examined. RESULTS: Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 showed concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth of S. mutans. Addition of L. salivarius WB21 inhibited production of the insoluble glucan by S. mutans (p < 0.001). A filtrate of L. salivarius WB21 culture solution inhibited growth of P. gingivalis (p < 0.001 vs. control), and this effect was enhanced when it was used in combination with EGCg (p < 0.001 vs. the addition of L. salivarius WB21). In addition, EGCg directly inhibited methyl mercaptan in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). Concerning bacterial susceptibility to EGCg, growth of P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was inhibited at 2.5 mg/mL of EGCg, while that of L. salivarius WB21 was inhibited at 25 mg/mL EGCg. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that L. salivarius WB21 may be useful for controlling dental caries, periodontitis, and oral malodor. In addition, the effects of L. salivarius WB21 on periodontitis and oral malodor may be synergistically enhanced by use in combination with EGCg.
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Catequina/farmacología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Halitosis/microbiología , Ligilactobacillus salivarius/fisiología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Té/química , Antibiosis , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/fisiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glucanos/metabolismo , Halitosis/prevención & control , Ligilactobacillus salivarius/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Periodontitis/prevención & control , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Probióticos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismoRESUMEN
Prevotella intermedia is associated with periodontal diseases and endodontic infections. Periodontitis can be suppressed by utilizing the antiseptics, which target the infectious bacteria. The member of Stachys sp. has been used traditionally in the form of decoction or infusion for management of infectious diseases. The subject of this article was to evaluate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Stachys koelzii essential oil and its main components against Prevotella intermedia. GC-FID and GC-MS analysis were used to determine the chemical composition. The antimicrobial effects of S. koelzii essential oil was evaluated by micro-broth dilution assay. Time kill curve assays, leakage of cytoplasmic materials and anti-biofilm effects were determined. Its cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay. Essential oil with main components of α-pinene, trans-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole inhibited P. intermedia with MIC and MBC values of 0.1 and 0.2â¯mg/mL. Its biofilm formation was higher than α-pinene, followed by trans-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole. Essential oil and its main components increased the leakage of cytoplasmic components. Essential oil showed cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell lines with IC50 0.06â¯mg/mL. The cytotoxic effect of α-pinene on healthy cell lines was higher than essential oil. S. koelzii essential oil can be used in mouthwash formulations and its efficacy should be evaluated in large clinical studies.
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Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Stachys/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Células HeLa , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Prevotella intermedia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract There are several controversies regarding the efficacy of homeopathic substances; however, these remedies are used in many countries for the treatment of various pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of two homeopathic tinctures Arsenicum album (mineral extract) and Lycopodium clavatum (plant extract) on the periodontal bacteria Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Phorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Materials and methods: Equal numbers of bacteria were seeded on agar plates containing enriched media with the homeopathic solutions at 1dH and 1cH dilutions. After 7 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions, colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. The antibacterial effect was calculated based on the total number of CFUs observed on non-tincture containing agar, and on the tincture containing plates. Results: No visible growth of any of the strains was observed on the plates containing Arsenicum album at any of the dilutions tested. In contrast, when Lycopodium clavatum at 1cH dilution was tested, only P. gingivalis was susceptible to this compound. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mineral extract tincture had a greater antibacterial activity than the plant extract tincture, also Lycopodium clavatum preparation could be an effective inhibitor of periodontal pathogens bacteria such as P. gingivalis.
Resumen Se necesita un mayor número de estudios in vitro e in vivo para validar estos resultados.
Asunto(s)
Streptococcus sanguis/efectos de los fármacos , Actinomyces/efectos de los fármacos , Arsenicum Album/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lycopodium clavatum/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Farmacocinética del Medicamento Homeopático , HomeopatíaRESUMEN
AIM AND BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility and cytotoxicity of Cocos nucifera and chlorhexidine (CHX) as irrigating solutions against Enterococcus faecalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extract of husk of C. nucifera was prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the serial broth dilution method and its cytotoxicity was evaluated against human periodontal fibroblasts using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Antibacterial susceptibility for two irrigating solutions, namely 2% CHX gluconate irrigant (Group I) and 1.5% C. nucifera husk irrigant (Group II), was tested against P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and E. faecalis. RESULTS: The MIC and MBC of C. nucifera husk extract for P. gingivalis were 468.75 µg/ml and 1562.5 µg/ml, for P. intermedia were 48.8 µg/ml and 1875 µg/ml, and for E. faecalis were 1562.5 µg/ml and 3750 µg/ml, respectively. The extract was nontoxic to the human periodontal fibroblast. Both the materials have shown similar antibacterial susceptibility and no difference was observed at baseline, 10, 30, and 60 min using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between different time points for P. gingivalis and P. intermedia using Bonferroni multiple comparison test (f = 826.1390, P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: 1.5% of ethanolic husk extract of C. nucifera has a significant antibacterial action against polymicrobial dental biofilm and its activity is comparable to that of 2% CHX which validates its use as a future irrigating solution for overcoming bacterial resistance with synthetic agents.
Asunto(s)
Clorhexidina/farmacología , Cocos , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Fibroblastos/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Periodoncio/citología , Periodoncio/microbiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and light-activated disinfection (LAD) against a 3-day-old bacterial suspension prepared from three different bacterial species present on titanium dental implants, and to analyze the possible alterations of the implant surfaces as a result of the PDT and LAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 72 titanium dental implants contaminated with a bacterial suspension prepared from three bacterial species: Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The contaminated implants were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 72 hours and then were randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups (n = 12 each), according to the following treatment protocols: group 1 (PDT1): PDT (660 nm, 100 mW, 60 seconds) with toluidine blue; group 2 (PDT2): PDT (660 nm, 100 mW, 60 seconds) with phenothiazine chloride dye; group 3 (LAD): light-emitting diode (LED) with toluidine blue; group 4 (toluidine blue): treatment with only toluidine blue for 60 seconds. In the positive control group, the implants were treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine-based solution for 60 seconds, and in the negative control group, no treatment was used. RESULTS: The highest bacterial reduction was recorded in the PDT1 (98.3%) and PDT2 (97.8%) groups. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant reduction of bacteria in the PDT1 and PDT2 groups compared with the negative control group (P < .05), individually for each bacterial species as well as for all three species together. LAD was less effective than PDT1 and PDT2, and did not show a statistically significant difference compared with the negative control or any other treatment group. Toluidine blue was the least effective treatment in terms of both the total bacterial count and the individual count for each bacterial species. CONCLUSION: Both PDT1 and PDT2 protocols showed a high efficacy against a 3-day-old bacterial biofilm on dental implants and were more effective compared with LAD.
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Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Implantes Dentales/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Titanio , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/fisiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos , Carga Bacteriana , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Humanos , Láseres de Semiconductores , Luz , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiología , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/fisiología , Cloruro de Tolonio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The present study investigated the compounds present in the low molecular mass fraction of Lentinus edodes mushroom (shiitake) extract and their anti-virulence activity against oral pathogens (reference and clinical Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Prevotella intermedia strains). Oxalic, succinic, and quinic acids, and adenine, inosine, and uridine were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Their anti-biofilm production and preformed biofilm disaggregation activities were studied using commercial standard compounds at different concentrations. As regards S. mutans, the highest activity was shown by adenine at 5 mg mL-1 both in the biofilm inhibition (BI 50%) and biofilm disaggregation tests (BD 20%). Considering A. naeslundii, BI values close to 80% were registered for oxalic acid at 1 mg mL-1 and 2 mg mL-1 and BD 50% for quinic acid at 3 mg mL-1. A weaker activity was found against P. intermedia. Furthermore, different mixtures of the commercial standards were tested showing that the activity of a compound can be strongly and sometimes negatively affected by the presence of the other compounds.
Asunto(s)
Actinomyces/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/microbiología , Gingivitis/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos Shiitake/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Actinomyces/fisiología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Prevotella intermedia/fisiología , Streptococcus mutans/fisiología , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
The systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the microbiological alteration beneficial to peri-implantitis treatment. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017064215. Bibliographic databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched from inception to 8 January 2017. The search strategy was assembled from the following MeSH Terms: "Photochemotherapy," "Dental Implants" and "Peri-Implantitis." Unspecific free-text words and related terms were also included. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of included studies. The random-effect model was chosen, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated an association between aPDT and reduction in viable bacteria counts for: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 1.31; confidence interval = 1.13, 1.49; P < 0.00001), Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR = 4.08; confidence interval = 3.22, 4.94; P < 0.00001) and Prevotella intermedia (OR = 1.66; confidence interval = 1.06, 2.26; P < 0.00001). A aPDT appears to be effective in bacterial load reduction in peri-implantitis and has a positive potential as an alternative therapy for peri-implantitis.