RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The vast majority of lncRNAs have low expression abundance, which greatly limits their functional range and impact. As a high expression abundance lncRNA, FGD5-AS1's non-ceRNA biological function in cancer is unclear. METHODS: RNA-seq studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) assays were performed to identify ZEB1-regulated lncRNAs. RNA sequencing, RNA pulldown, RNA Immunoprecipitation assays, and rescue assays were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of FGD5-AS1 in GC. RESULTS: As one of the most abundant lncRNAs in cells, FGD5-AS1 has been shown to be transcriptionally activated by ZEB1, thus closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. Clinical analysis showed that FGD5-AS1 overexpression was clinically associated with lymph node metastasis, and predicted poor survival in GC. Loss-of-function studies confirmed that FGD5-AS1 knockdown inhibited GC proliferation and induced cisplatin chemosensibility, cell senescence, and DNA damage in GC cells. Mechanismically, FGD5-AS1 is a YBX1-binding lncRNA due to its mRNA contains three adjacent structural motifs (UAAUCCCA, ACCAGCCU, and CAGUGAGC) that can be recognized and bound by YBX1. And this RNA-protein interaction prolonged the half-life of the YBX1 protein in GC. Additionally, a rescue assay showed that FGD5-AS1 promotes GC by repressing cell senescence and ROS production via YBX1. CONCLUSION: FGD5-AS1 is a cellular high-abundant lncRNA that is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1. FGD5-AS1 overexpression promoted GC progression by inhibiting cell senescence and ROS production through binding and stabilizing the YBX1 protein.
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Proliferación Celular , Senescencia Celular , ARN Largo no Codificante , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Neoplasias Gástricas , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Humanos , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ratones , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Masculino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina NucleótidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) mediates mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in mammals. H3K4me1 mark is involved in establishing an active chromatin structure to promote gene transcription. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 mark modulates gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression is unresolved. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recognized Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) as a "reader" of the H3K4me1 mark, and a point mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupted this interaction. We found that KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promoted cell growth and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of KMT2D and YBX1 were both upregulated in tumour tissues and correlated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Combined analyses of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data indicated that YBX1 was co-localized with KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 in the promoter regions of c-Myc and SENP1, thereby activating their expressions in TNBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that YBX1 activated the expressions of c-Myc and SENP1 in a KMT2D-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 recruits YBX1 to facilitate TNBC progression through epigenetic activation of c-Myc and SENP1. These results together unveil a crucial interplay between histone mark and gene regulation in TNBC progression, thus providing novel insights into targeting the KMT2D-H3K4me1-YBX1 axis for TNBC treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: YBX1 is a KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1-binding effector protein and mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupts its binding to H3K4me1. KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promote TNBC proliferation and metastasis by activating c-Myc and SENP1 expression in vitro and in vivo. YBX1 is colocalized with H3K4me1 in the c-Myc and SENP1 promoter regions in TNBC cells and increased YBX1 expression predicts a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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Epigénesis Genética , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Femenino , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Animales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/genética , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Lisina/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Rationale: Current treatments for ocular angiogenesis primarily focus on blocking the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but unfavorable side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy remain issues. The identification of novel targets for anti-angiogenic treatment is still needed. Methods: We investigated the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis using endothelial cells, a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, and an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. CCK-8 assays, EdU assays, transwell assays, and matrigel assays were performed to assess the role of tsRNA-1599 in endothelial cells. Retinal digestion assays, Isolectin B4 (IB4) staining, and choroidal sprouting assays were conducted to evaluate the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis, metabolic analysis, RNA pull-down assays, and mass spectrometry were utilized to elucidate the mechanism underlying angiogenic effects mediated by tsRNA-1599. Results: tsRNA-1599 expression was up-regulated in experimental ocular angiogenesis models and endothelial cells in response to angiogenic stress. Silencing of tsRNA-1599 suppressed angiogenic effects in endothelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathological ocular angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, tsRNA-1599 exhibited little effect on VEGF signaling but could cause reduced glycolysis and NAD+/NADH production in endothelial cells by regulating the expression of HK2 gene through interacting with YBX1, thus affecting endothelial effects. Conclusions: Targeting glycolytic reprogramming of endothelial cells by a tRNA-derived small RNA represents an exploitable therapeutic approach for ocular neovascular diseases.
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Neovascularización Coroidal , Células Endoteliales , Glucólisis , Animales , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Coroidal/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Hexoquinasa/metabolismo , Hexoquinasa/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Masculino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinopatía Diabética/metabolismo , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , ARN Pequeño no Traducido/genética , ARN Pequeño no Traducido/metabolismoRESUMEN
Platinum-based chemotherapy causes genetic damage and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Enhancing the ability to resist platinum drug-induced DNA damage and apoptotic stress is critical for tumor cells to acquire drug resistance. Here, we found that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and was a crucial gene for alleviating platinum-induced stress and maintaining drug resistance characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, YBX1 recognized m5C modifications in CHD3 mRNA and maintained mRNA stability by recruiting PABPC1 protein. This regulatory process enhanced chromatin accessibility and improved the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) repair, facilitating tumor cells to withstand platinum-induced apoptotic stress. In addition, SU056, an inhibitor of YBX1, exhibited the potential to reverse platinum resistance in subcutaneous and PDO orthotopic xenograft models. In conclusion, YBX1 is critical for ovarian cancer cells to alleviate the platinum-induced stress and may be a potential target for reversing drug-resistant therapies.
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Cisplatino , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Ováricas , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Humanos , Femenino , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Animales , Cisplatino/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Recombinación Homóloga/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , ADN Helicasas/genética , ADN Helicasas/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: RNA m5C methylation has been extensively implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. As the main methyltransferase, NSUN2 plays a crucial regulatory role across diverse tumor types. However, the precise impact of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification on breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying how NSUN2 regulates the target gene HGH1 (also known as FAM203) through m5C modification, thereby promoting BC progression. Additionally, this study targets at preliminarily clarifying the biological roles of NSUN2 and HGH1 in BC. METHODS: Tumor and adjacent tissues from 5 BC patients were collected, and the m5C modification target HGH1 in BC was screened through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-base resolution m5C methylation sequencing (RNA-BisSeq). Methylation RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) confirmed that the methylation molecules NSUN2 and YBX1 specifically recognized and bound to HGH1 through m5C modification. In addition, proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and Ribosome sequencing (Ribo-Seq) were used to explore the biological role of HGH1 in BC. RESULTS: As the main m5C methylation molecule, NSUN2 is abnormally overexpressed in BC and increases the overall level of RNA m5C. Knocking down NSUN2 can inhibit BC progression in vitro or in vivo. Combined RNA-seq and RNA-BisSeq analysis identified HGH1 as a potential target of abnormal m5C modifications. We clarified the mechanism by which NSUN2 regulates HGH1 expression through m5C modification, a process that involves interactions with the YBX1 protein, which collectively impacts mRNA stability and protein synthesis. Furthermore, this study is the first to reveal the binding interaction between HGH1 and the translation elongation factor EEF2, providing a comprehensive understanding of its ability to regulate transcript translation efficiency and protein synthesis in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study preliminarily clarifies the regulatory role of the NSUN2-YBX1-m5C-HGH1 axis from post-transcriptional modification to protein translation, revealing the key role of abnormal RNA m5C modification in BC and suggesting that HGH1 may be a new epigenetic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BC.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Metiltransferasas , Estabilidad del ARN , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Metilación , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismoRESUMEN
The 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome, which contains a highly conserved 3' region named the 3'X-tail, plays an essential role in RNA replication and promotes viral IRES-dependent translation. Although our previous work has found a cis-acting element for genome encapsidation within 3'X, there is limited information on the involvement of the 3'UTR in particle formation. In this study, proteomic analyses identified host cell proteins that bind to the 3'UTR containing the 3'X region but not to the sequence lacking the 3'X. Further characterization showed that RNA-binding proteins, ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17), and Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) facilitate the efficient production of infectious HCV particles in the virus infection cells. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing in four assays that distinguish between the various stages of the HCV life cycle, RPL17 and YBX1 were found to be most important for particle assembly in the trans-packaging assay with replication-defective subgenomic RNA. In vitro assays showed that RPL17 and YBX1 bind to the 3'UTR RNA and deletion of the 3'X region attenuates their interaction. Knockdown of RPL17 or YBX1 resulted in reducing the amount of HCV RNA co-precipitating with the viral Core protein by RNA immunoprecipitation and increasing the relative distance in space between Core and double-stranded RNA by confocal imaging, suggesting that RPL17 and YBX1 potentially affect HCV RNA-Core interaction, leading to efficient nucleocapsid assembly. These host factors provide new clues to understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate HCV particle formation. IMPORTANCE: Although basic research on the HCV life cycle has progressed significantly over the past two decades, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process of particle formation, in particular encapsidation of the genome or nucleocapsid assembly, has been limited. We present here, for the first time, that two RNA-binding proteins, RPL17 and YBX1, bind to the 3'X in the 3'UTR of the HCV genome, which potentially acts as a packaging signal, and facilitates the viral particle assembly. Our study revealed that RPL17 and YBX1 exert a positive effect on the interaction between HCV RNA and Core protein, suggesting that the presence of both host factors modulate an RNA structure or conformation suitable for packaging the viral genome. These findings help us to elucidate not only the regulatory mechanism of the particle assembly of HCV but also the function of host RNA-binding proteins during viral infection.
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Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Genoma Viral , Hepacivirus , ARN Viral , Proteínas Ribosómicas , Ensamble de Virus , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Regiones no Traducidas 3'/genética , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/fisiología , Hepacivirus/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Ensamble de Virus/genética , ARN Viral/metabolismo , ARN Viral/genética , Replicación Viral , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteómica/métodosRESUMEN
Background: The Y-box-binding proteins (YBX) act as a multifunctional role in tumor progression, metastasis, drug resistance by regulating the transcription and translation process. Nevertheless, their functions in a pan-cancer setting remain unclear. Methods: This study examined the clinical features expression, prognostic value, mutations, along with methylation patterns of three genes from the YBX family (YBX1, YBX2, and YBX3) in 28 different types of cancer. Data used for analysis were obtained from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. A novel YBXs score was created using the ssGSEA algorithm for the single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Additionally, we explored the YBXs score's association with the tumor microenvironment (TME), response to various treatments, and drug resistance. Results: Our analysis revealed that YBX family genes contribute to tumor progression and are indicative of prognosis in diverse cancer types. We determined that the YBXs score correlates significantly with numerous malignant pathways in pan-cancer. Moreover, this score is also linked with multiple immune-related characteristics. The YBXs score proved to be an effective predictor for the efficacy of a range of treatments in various cancers, particularly immunotherapy. To summarize, the involvement of YBX family genes is vital in pan-cancer and exhibits a significant association with TME. An elevated YBXs score indicates an immune-activated TME and responsiveness to diverse therapies, highlighting its potential as a biomarker in individuals with tumors. Finally, experimental validations were conducted to explore that YBX2 might be a potential biomarker in liver cancer. Conclusion: The creation of YBXs score in our study offered new insights into further studies. Besides, YBX2 was found as a potential therapeutic target, significantly contributing to the improvement of HCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Pronóstico , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Mutación , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Línea Celular Tumoral , Metilación de ADNRESUMEN
Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSCs-sEVs) are attractive candidates for ovarian function restoration and folliculogenesis for POF due to their safety and efficacy, however, the key mediator in MSCs-sEVs that modulates this response and underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Herein, we reported that YB-1 protein was markedly downregulated in vitro and in vivo models of POF induced with H2O2 and CTX respectively, accompanied by granulosa cells (GCs) senescence phenotype. Notably, BMSCs-sEVs transplantation upregulated YB-1, attenuated oxidative damage-induced cellular senescence in GCs, and significantly improved the ovarian function of POF rats, but that was reversed by YB-1 depletion. Moreover, YB-1 showed an obvious decline in serum and GCs in POF patients. Mechanistically, YB-1 as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) physically interacted with a long non-coding RNA, MALAT1, and increased its stability, further, MALAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to elevate FOXO3 levels by sequestering miR-211-5p to prevent its degradation, leading to repair of ovarian function. In summary, we demonstrated that BMSCs-sEVs improve ovarian function by releasing YB-1, which mediates MALAT1/miR-211-5p/FOXO3 axis regulation, providing a possible therapeutic target for patients with POF.
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Exosomas , Proteína Forkhead Box O3 , Células de la Granulosa , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , MicroARNs , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria , ARN Largo no Codificante , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratas , Senescencia Celular , Exosomas/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/genética , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , Ovario/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/genética , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genéticaRESUMEN
Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is involved in the regulation of cell-cell junctions between endothelial cells (ECs). Here we identify the ZO-1 protein interactome and uncover ZO-1 interactions with RNA-binding proteins that are part of stress granules (SGs). Downregulation of ZO-1 increased SG formation in response to stress and protected ECs from cellular insults. The ZO-1 interactome uncovered an association between ZO-1 and Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1), a constituent of SGs. Arsenite treatment of ECs decreased the interaction between ZO-1 and YB-1, and drove SG assembly. YB-1 expression is essential for SG formation and for the cytoprotective effects induced by ZO-1 downregulation. In the developing retinal vascular plexus of newborn mice, ECs at the front of growing vessels express less ZO-1 but display more YB-1-positive granules than ECs located in the vascular plexus. Endothelial-specific deletion of ZO-1 in mice at post-natal day 7 markedly increased the presence of YB-1-positive granules in ECs of retinal blood vessels, altered tip EC morphology and vascular patterning, resulting in aberrant endothelial proliferation, and arrest in the expansion of the retinal vasculature. Our findings suggest that, through its interaction with YB-1, ZO-1 controls SG formation and the response of ECs to stress during angiogenesis.
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Células Endoteliales , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1 , Animales , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/metabolismo , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/genética , Ratones , Humanos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Gránulos de Estrés/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Vasos Retinianos/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Angiogénesis , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
AIMS: Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5), a member of deubiquitinating enzymes, has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in cancer progression. This study aims to explore the role of USP5 and its potential molecular mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). MAIN METHODS: To explore the effect of USP5 on CCA, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were conducted in human CCA cell lines RBE and HCCC9810. The CCK8, colony-forming assay, EDU, flow cytometry, transwell assay and xenografts were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the expression of related proteins. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were applied to identify the interaction between USP5 and Y box-binding protein 1 (YBX1). Ubiquitination assays and cycloheximide chase assays were carried out to confirm the effect of USP5 on YBX1. KEY FINDINGS: We found USP5 is highly expressed in CCA tissues, and upregulated USP5 is required for the cancer progression. Knockdown of USP5 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, along with suppressed xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, USP5 could interact with YBX1 and stabilize YBX1 by deubiquitination in CCA cells. Additionally, silencing of USP5 hindered the phosphorylation of YBX1 at serine 102 and its subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Notably, the effect induced by USP5 overexpression in CCA cells was reversed by YBX1 silencing. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings reveal that USP5 is required for cell proliferation, migration and EMT in CCA by stabilizing YBX1, suggesting USP5-YBX1 axis as a promising therapeutic target for CCA.
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Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Colangiocarcinoma , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Ratones Desnudos , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Humanos , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/genética , Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Ubiquitinación , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Masculino , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Endopeptidasas/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , FemeninoRESUMEN
Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a proto-oncogenic protein associated with protein translation regulation. It plays a crucial role in the development and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we describe a promising approach to inhibit YB-1 using SU056, a small-molecule inhibitor. SU056 physically interacts with YB-1 and reduces its expression, which helps to restrain the progression of TNBC. Proteome profiling analysis indicates that the inhibition of YB-1 by SU056 can alter the proteins that regulate protein translation, an essential process for cancer cell growth. Preclinical studies on human cells, mice, and patient-derived xenograft tumor models show the effectiveness of SU056. Moreover, toxicological studies have shown that SU056 treatment and dosing are well tolerated without any adverse effects. Overall, our study provides a strong foundation for the further development of SU056 as a potential treatment option for patients with TNBC by targeting YB-1.
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Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Humanos , Animales , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Femenino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones DesnudosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis and closely linked to tumor stemness. However, the key molecules that regulate ICC stemness remain elusive. Although Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) negatively affects prognosis in various cancers by enhancing stemness and chemoresistance, its effect on stemness and cisplatin sensitivity in ICC remains unclear. METHODS: Three bulk and single-cell RNA-seq datasets were analyzed to investigate YBX1 expression in ICC and its association with stemness. Clinical samples and colony/sphere formation assays validated the role of YBX1 in stemness and sensitivity to cisplatin. AZD5363 and KYA1979K explored the interaction of YBX1 with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and WNT/ß-catenin pathways. RESULTS: YBX1 was significantly upregulated in ICC, correlated with worse overall survival and shorter postoperative recurrence time, and was higher in chemotherapy-non-responsive ICC tissues. The YBX1-high group exhibited significantly elevated stemness scores, and genes linked to YBX1 upregulation were enriched in multiple stemness-related pathways. Moreover, YBX1 expression is significantly correlated with several stemness-related genes (SOX9, OCT4, CD133, CD44 and EPCAM). Additionally, YBX1 overexpression significantly enhanced the colony- and spheroid-forming abilities of ICC cells, accelerated tumor growth in vivo and reduced their sensitivity to cisplatin. Conversely, the downregulation of YBX1 exerted the opposite effect. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted the link between YBX1 and the PI3K/AKT and WNT/ß-catenin pathways. Further, AZD5363 and KYA1979K were used to clarify that YBX1 promoted ICC stemness through the regulation of the AKT/ß-catenin axis. CONCLUSIONS: YBX1 is upregulated in ICC and promotes stemness and cisplatin insensitivity via the AKT/ß-catenin axis. Our study describes a novel potential therapeutic target for improving ICC prognosis.
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Colangiocarcinoma , Cisplatino , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , beta Catenina , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , beta Catenina/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/genética , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Colangiocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/mortalidad , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genéticaRESUMEN
While previous studies have indicated the involvement of Isthmin 1 (ISM1), a secreted protein, in cancer development, the precise mechanisms have remained elusive. In this study, we unveiled that ISM1 is significantly overexpressed in both the blood and tissue samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, correlating with their poor prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that enforced ISM1 expression significantly enhances CRC proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth. Notably, our investigation reveals an interaction of ISM1 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of CRC cells. The binding of ISM1 triggered EGFR activation and initiate downstream signaling pathways. Meanwhile, intracellular ISM1 interacted with Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), enhancing its transcriptional regulation on EGFR. Furthermore, our research uncovered the regulation of ISM1 expression by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α in CRC cells. Mechanistically, we identified HIF-1α as a direct regulator of ISM1, binding to a hypoxia response element on its promoter. This novel mechanism illuminated potential therapeutic targets, offering insights into restraining HIF-1α/ISM1/EGFR-driven CRC progression and metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Receptores ErbB , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Humanos , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Animales , Movimiento Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Masculino , Transducción de Señal , Femenino , Ratones Desnudos , Células HCT116 , PronósticoRESUMEN
The modification and recognition of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) are involved in the initiation and progression of various tumor types. However, the precise role and potential mechanism of Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, it is found that YBX1 is frequently upregulated in ESCC compared with matched nontumor tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays show that YBX1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Functional studies revealed that NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) is a critical RNA methyltransferase that facilitates YBX1-mediated ESCC progression. Mechanistically, integrated analysis based on RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and m5C methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) assays identified spermine oxidase (SMOX) as a target gene containing an m5C site in its coding sequence (CDS) region, which coincided well with the binding site of YBX1. Overexpression of SMOX-WT but not SMOX-Mut partially restored the proliferation and invasion ability of ESCC cells curbed by YBX1 knockdown. Moreover, YBX1 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway by stabilizing SMOX mRNA. The study reveals that YBX1 promotes ESCC development by stabilizing SMOX mRNA in an m5C-dependent manner, thus providing a valuable therapeutic target for ESCC.
Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago , Estabilidad del ARN , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Humanos , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Estabilidad del ARN/genética , Ratones , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , MetiltransferasasRESUMEN
APE1 is an essential gene involved in DNA damage repair, the redox regulation of transcriptional factors (TFs) and RNA processing. APE1 overexpression is common in cancers and correlates with poor patient survival. Stress granules (SGs) are phase-separated cytoplasmic assemblies that cells form in response to environmental stresses. Precise regulation of SGs is pivotal to cell survival, whereas their dysregulation is increasingly linked to diseases. Whether APE1 engages in modulating SG dynamics is worthy of investigation. In this study, we demonstrate that APE1 colocalizes with SGs and promotes their formation. Through phosphoproteome profiling, we discover that APE1 significantly alters the phosphorylation landscape of ovarian cancer cells, particularly the phosphoprofile of SG proteins. Notably, APE1 promotes the phosphorylation of Y-Box binding protein 1 (YBX1) at S174 and S176, leading to enhanced SG formation and cell survival. Moreover, expression of the phosphomutant YBX1 S174/176E mimicking hyperphosphorylation in APE1-knockdown cells recovered the impaired SG formation. These findings shed light on the functional importance of APE1 in SG regulation and highlight the importance of YBX1 phosphorylation in SG dynamics.
Asunto(s)
ADN-(Sitio Apurínico o Apirimidínico) Liasa , Neoplasias Ováricas , Gránulos de Estrés , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y , Femenino , Humanos , Endodesoxirribonucleasas , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Fosforilación , Gránulos de Estrés/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , ADN-(Sitio Apurínico o Apirimidínico) Liasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) gene codes for a multifunctional oncoprotein that is increasingly being linked to the regulations of many aspects of cancer cell biology. Disparities in treatment outcomes between male and female cancer patients are increasingly reported. This study aimed to examine the relationship between YBX1 expression and overall survival in male and female patients with solid tumours. Overall survival and YBX1 expression data for cohorts of male and female cancer patients obtained from freely available databases were analysed with a cox proportional hazard model with covariates of biological sex and YBX1 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves and Violin plots were constructed for segregated male and female cohorts. High YBX1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival in 2 female-only and 4 mixed-sex cancer sites. In female lung cancer patients, better survival and lower YBX1 expression were identified. The clinical importance of YBX1 expression in cancer ought to be evaluated in a sex-specific manner, especially in lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proliferación CelularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) plays a variety of roles in progression of multiple tumors. However, the role of YBX1 in prognostic value and immune regulation for liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the effect of YBX1 on the regulation of tumor immunity and survival prediction in LIHC patients. METHODS: YBX1-related expression profiles and single-cell and bulk sequencing analysis were performed using online databases. YBX1 expression was validated by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of overall survival (OS). The ESTIMATE (i.e., Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis were used to assess the relationships between YBX1 and LIHC immunity. RESULTS: YBX1 was over-expressed in LIHC tissues and cell lines. High YBX1 expression was significantly associated with poor OS. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that YBX1 was an independent prognostic factor for LIHC. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that YBX1 was associated with multiple signaling pathways correlated to LIHC. Additionally, YBX1 was expressed in multiple immune cells and was significantly correlated with immune cells, immune checkpoint markers and tumor immune microenvironment. The TIDE analysis demonstrated that LIHC patients with high YBX1 expression showed a higher T-cell dysfunction score and a higher exclusion score, as well as poorer immunotherapy response. CONCLUSIONS: YBX1 plays crucial oncogenic roles in LIHC and is closely associated with the immune defense system. YBX1 inhibition may serve as a potential treatment for LIHC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Algoritmos , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genéticaRESUMEN
Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer type, with a high mortality rate worldwide. The current treatment options for LC have not been particularly successful in improving patient outcomes. Yifei Sanjie (YFSJ), a well-applicated traditional Chinese medicine formula, is widely used to treat pulmonary diseases, especially LC, yet little is known about its molecular mechanisms. This study was conducted to explore the molecular mechanism by which YFSJ ameliorated LC progression. The A549, NCI-H1975, and Calu-3 cells were treated with the YFSJ formula and observed for colony number, apoptosis, migration, and invasion properties recorded via corresponding assays. The PRMT6-YBX1-CDC25A axis was tested and verified through luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and rescue experiments. Our results demonstrated that YFSJ ameliorated LC cell malignant behaviors by increasing apoptosis and suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion processes. We also noticed that the xenograft mouse model treated with YFSJ significantly reduced tumor growth compared with the control untreated group in vivo. Mechanistically, it was found that YFSJ suppressed the expression of PRMT6, YBX1, and CDC25A, while the knockdown of these proteins significantly inhibited colony growth, migration, and invasion, and boosted apoptosis in LC cells. In summary, our results suggest that YFSJ alleviates LC progression via the PRMT6-YBX1-CDC25A axis, confirming its efficacy in clinical use. The findings of our study provide a new regulatory network for LC growth and metastasis, which could shed new insights into pulmonary medical research.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroARNs , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Proliferación Celular/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Pulmón/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/genética , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/uso terapéutico , Fosfatasas cdc25/genética , Fosfatasas cdc25/metabolismoRESUMEN
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a common RNA modification that modulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, but the crosstalk between m5C RNA modification and biomolecule condensation, as well as transcription factor-mediated transcriptional regulation, in ovarian cancer, is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 facilitates mRNA m5C modification and forms a positive feedback regulatory loop with the transcription factor E2F1 in ovarian cancer. Specifically, NSUN2 promotes m5C modification of E2F1 mRNA and increases its stability, and E2F1 binds to the NSUN2 promoter, subsequently reciprocally activating NSUN2 transcription. The RNA binding protein YBX1 functions as the m5C reader and is involved in NSUN2-mediated E2F1 regulation. m5C modification promotes YBX1 phase separation, which upregulates E2F1 expression. In ovarian cancer, NSUN2 and YBX1 are amplified and upregulated, and higher expression of NSUN2 and YBX1 predicts a worse prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, E2F1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of the oncogenes MYBL2 and RAD54L, driving ovarian cancer progression. Thus, our study delineates a NSUN2-E2F1-NSUN2 loop regulated by m5C modification in a manner dependent on YBX1 phase separation, and this previously unidentified pathway could be a promising target for ovarian cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Ováricas , ARN , Humanos , Femenino , Separación de Fases , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F1/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumour in females worldwide. Although remarkable advances in early detection and treatment strategies have led to decreased mortality, recurrence and metastasis remain the major causes of cancer death in BC patients. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in cancer progression. However, the detailed biological functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in BC are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of circRNAs in the progression of BC. Differentially expressed circRNAs in BC were identified by integrating breast tumour-associated somatic CNV data and circRNA high-throughput sequencing. Aberrant hsa_circ_0007990 expression and host gene copy number were detected in BC cell lines via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression level of hsa_circ_0007990 in BC tissues was validated by in situ hybridization (ISH). Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo, respectively, to explore the potential biological function of hsa_circ_0007990 in BC. The underlying mechanisms of hsa_circ_0007990 were investigated through MS2 RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. The levels of hsa_circ_0007990 were elevated in BC tissues and cell lines, an effect that was partly due to host gene copy number gains. Functional assays showed that hsa_circ_0007990 promoted BC cell growth. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0007990 could bind to YBX1 and inhibit its degradation by preventing ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, thus enhancing the expression of the cell cycle-associated gene E2F1. Rescue experiments suggested that hsa_circ_0007990 promoted BC progression through YBX1. In general, our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0007990 modulates the ubiquitination and degradation of YBX1 protein and further regulates E2F1 expression to promote BC progression. We explored the possible function and molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0007990 in BC and identified a novel candidate target for the treatment of BC.