RESUMEN
White spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is responsible for harming shrimp aquaculture industry and results in a pandemic throughout the world. Cathelicidin 5 treatment enhanced immune parameters including antioxidant enzyme activity and immune-related genes expression in shrimp Exopalaemon modestus. Shrimp treated with cathelicidin 5 and inoculated with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) exhibited a significantly lower mortality rate and lower viral VP28 amplification and expression than control. This study addresses the role of cathelicidin 5 in immune stimulatory and antiviral activities that could protect E. modestus from WSSV infection.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Caimanes y Cocodrilos , Antivirales/farmacología , Catelicidinas/farmacología , Palaemonidae/inmunología , Proteínas de Reptiles/farmacología , Virus del Síndrome de la Mancha Blanca 1/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Catelicidinas/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Palaemonidae/efectos de los fármacos , Palaemonidae/virología , Distribución Aleatoria , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificación , Virus del Síndrome de la Mancha Blanca 1/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like peptide purified from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom with the property of inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, this protein could be interesting as a new approach for ischemic heart diseases, an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, leading to cardiac dysfunction. We investigated the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5â¯mgâ¯kg-1, via intra-arterial), after 7â¯days, on hypoxia/reoxygenation challenge in isolated ventricle strips and on morphological changes and density of blood vessels of the heart, using fish as an alternative experimental model. ALT-C treatment provided protection of cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced negative inotropism. ALT-C also stimulated angiogenesis and improved excitation-contraction coupling during hypoxic conditions. Our results provide a new insight into a functional role of ALT-C against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury pointing out to a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemia-related diseases.
Asunto(s)
Bothrops , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Venenos de Crotálidos/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Desintegrinas/uso terapéutico , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/prevención & control , Proteínas de Reptiles/uso terapéutico , Inductores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Inductores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Animales , Acuicultura , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Characiformes , Colágeno/metabolismo , Vasos Coronarios/efectos de los fármacos , Vasos Coronarios/patología , Vasos Coronarios/fisiopatología , Desintegrinas/administración & dosificación , Acoplamiento Excitación-Contracción/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/fisiología , Corazón/fisiopatología , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/patología , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/fisiopatología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Host defense peptides (HDPs), a class of conserved components of animal innate immune system, possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens and broadly participate in boosting and modulating host immune responses. Cathelicidins is an important family of HDPs that has been identified exclusively in vertebrates. Considering the relatively conserved innate immune system between invertebrates and vertebrates, it is speculated that HDPs from vertebrates may also possess modulating functions on invertebrate innate immune system. In the present study, two novel cathelicidins (As-CATH4 and 5), which had been identified from the Chinese alligator in our previous study, were employed to investigate their functions as novel peptide immunostimulants in Chinese mitten crab. As-CATH4 and 5 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum, and rapid antimicrobial activities against all the tested aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they target on bacterial cell membrane, induce membrane permeabilization and cell disruption, and ultimately result in cell death. The antimicrobial effect is far more rapid than traditional antibiotics. Therefore they are unlikely to induce bacteria resistance. After the crabs were administered with As-CATH4 and 5, the activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly enhanced, which indicated that the immune system of crabs could be activated by As-CATH4 and 5. In bacteria challenge test, As-CATH4 and 5 could significantly decrease the bacterial numbers in crabs, and increase the survival rates of crabs in both pre-stimulation and co-stimulation groups. All of the results above indicated the great potential of As-CATH4 and 5 as novel peptide immunostimulants in the crab aquaculture.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos/efectos de los fármacos , Braquiuros/inmunología , Catelicidinas/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata , Proteínas de Reptiles/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Caimanes y Cocodrilos/genética , Animales , Braquiuros/microbiología , Catelicidinas/administración & dosificación , Catelicidinas/síntesis química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Distribución Aleatoria , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Reptiles/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
A heat stable protein BF-F47 was purified from the crude venom of Bungarus fasciatus by CM cellulose ion exchange chromatography and HPLC. Osteoarthritis (OA) was developed in male albino Wistar rats by collagenase injection. BF-F47 treatment significantly restored urinary hydroxyproline and glucosamine in OA rats. Serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and serum molecular markers TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-17, cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1, cathepsin-K, osteocalcin and PGE2 were also significantly altered. BF-F47 showed partial restoration of osteoarthritis joints. Thus, BF-F47 induced anti-osteoarthritic activity in Wistar rats acted through molecular markers of arthritis and inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Bungarus , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Venenos Elapídicos/química , Venenos Elapídicos/uso terapéutico , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Reptiles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Productos Biológicos/administración & dosificación , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/orina , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/administración & dosificación , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/química , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Dinoprostona/sangre , Venenos Elapídicos/administración & dosificación , Venenos Elapídicos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucosamina/orina , Hidroxiprolina/orina , India , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Articulaciones/efectos de los fármacos , Articulaciones/inmunología , Articulaciones/metabolismo , Masculino , Osteoartritis/inmunología , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteocalcina/sangre , Estabilidad Proteica , Ratas Wistar , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Reptiles/química , Proteínas de Reptiles/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the snake, Rhinocerophis alternatus. Recent studies showed that ALT-C is able to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis and to increase myoblast viability. This peptide, therefore, can play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg kg(-1), via intra-arterial) on in vitro cardiac function of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, after 7 days. ALT-C treatment increased the cardiac performance promoting: 1) significant increases in the contraction force and in the rates of contraction and relaxation with concomitant decreases in the values of time to the peak tension and time to half- and 90% relaxation; 2) improvement in the cardiac pumping capacity and maximal electrical stimulation frequency, shifting the optimum frequency curve upward and to the right; 3) increases in myocardial VEGF levels and expression of key Ca(2+)-cycling proteins such as SERCA (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase), PLB (phospholamban), and NCX (Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger); 4) abolishment of the typical negative force-frequency relationship of fish myocardium. In conclusion, this study indicates that ALT-C improves cardiac function, by increasing Ca(2+) handling efficiency leading to a positive inotropism and chronotropism. The results suggest that ALT-C may lead to better cardiac output regulation indicating its potential application in therapies for cardiac contractile dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Bothrops , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Desintegrinas/farmacología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Reptiles/farmacología , Animales , Acuicultura , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/agonistas , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Cardiotónicos/aislamiento & purificación , Characiformes , Venenos de Crotálidos/química , Desintegrinas/administración & dosificación , Desintegrinas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas de Peces/agonistas , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/enzimología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Distribución Aleatoria , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Reptiles/aislamiento & purificación , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/química , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/genética , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/metabolismo , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio/agonistas , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio/genética , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/agonistas , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Función Ventricular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Philodryas baroni--an attractively colored snake--has become readily available through the exotic pet trade. Most people consider this species harmless; however, it has already caused human envenomation. As little is known about the venom from this South American opisthoglyphous "colubrid" snake, herein, we studied its protein composition by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), as well as its effects on the hemostatic system. Both reducing and nonreducing SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the venom exhibits greatest complexity in the range of 50-80 kDa. The venom displayed proteolytic activity toward azocollagen, with a specific activity of 75.5 U mg⻹, and rapidly hydrolyzed the Aα-chain of fibrinogen, exhibiting lower activity toward the Bß- and γ-chains. The venom from P. baroni showed no platelet proaggregating activity per se, but it inhibited collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Prominent hemorrhage developed in mouse skin after intradermal injection of the crude venom, and its minimum hemorrhagic dose was 13.9 µg. When injected intramuscularly into the gastrocnemius of mice, the venom induced local effects such as hemorrhage, myonecrosis, edema, and leucocyte infiltration. Due to its venom toxicity shown herein, P. baroni should be considered dangerous to humans and any medically significant bite should be promptly reviewed by a qualified health professional.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/toxicidad , Colubridae , Endopeptidasas/toxicidad , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/toxicidad , Proteínas de Reptiles/toxicidad , Venenos de Serpiente/toxicidad , Animales , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Anticoagulantes/química , Anticoagulantes/metabolismo , Argentina , Colágeno/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Endopeptidasas/administración & dosificación , Endopeptidasas/química , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Hemolíticos/administración & dosificación , Hemolíticos/química , Hemolíticos/metabolismo , Hemolíticos/toxicidad , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Peso Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Necrosis , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/química , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/metabolismo , Proteínas de Reptiles/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Reptiles/química , Proteínas de Reptiles/metabolismo , Medición de Riesgo , Venenos de Serpiente/administración & dosificación , Venenos de Serpiente/química , Venenos de Serpiente/metabolismo , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory kinds of arthritis in the clinical situation, and cytosolic Ca2+ overload has been proposed as one of the primary factors for many inflammatory cells activation, which lead to relative enzymes and inflammatory factors release. It is therefore accepted that Ca2+ channel blockers can protect joint injury from inflammation. In the present study we investigated the possible molecular mechanism of the antinociceptive efficacy of HWTX-I, a spider peptide toxin blocking Ca2+ channels, on the rat rheumatoid arthritis model. Our study demonstrates that HWTX-I can relieve pain in the inflammatory joints and eliminate arthrocele to some degree. Moreover, HWTX-I can also decrease the concentration of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increase the concentration of interleukin 4(IL-4) and interleukin 10(IL-10) in rat's serum. HWTX-I can also decrease the mRNA expression level of related factors of TNF-α, interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin 6(IL-6) in inflammatory pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the present results show that the epidural administration of HWTX-I is effective in antinociception in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis, which may act through its inhibition on certain inflammatory pathways.