Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine, and Rapamycin on Human Anti-Pig Xenogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions.

BACKGROUND: Long-term immunosuppressive maintenance therapy is necessary to prevent the rejection of xenografts. However, it is still unclear which oral immunosuppressant is most suitable for pig-to-human xenotransplantation . METHODS: A xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) system was established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from wildtype (WT) or GTKO/CMAHKO/ß4GalNT2KO (TKO) pigs as stimulator cells and human PBMCs as responder cells. Various concentrations of tacrolimus (Tac), cyclosporine (CsA), or rapamycin (Rapa) were added to the MLR system as interventions. The inhibitory effects of the three immunosuppressants on the proliferation and cytokine production of human T cells were studied and compared. The inhibitory effect of anti-CD154 mAb alone or in combination with Tac/CsA/Rapa on xenoreactive MLR was also investigated. RESULTS: PBMCs from both WT and TKO pigs stimulated significant proliferation of human T cells. Tac had a strong inhibitory effect on human T-cell proliferation stimulated by pig PBMCs. CsA inhibited human T-cell proliferation in a typical dose-dependent manner. When Tac and CsA concentrations reached 5 and 200 ng/mL, respectively, the proliferation rates of CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells were reduced almost to a negative level. Even at high concentrations, Rapa had only a moderate inhibitory effect on xenogeneic MLR. The inhibitory effects of these three immunosuppressants on xenogeneic T-cell responses were further confirmed by the detection of CD25 expression and supernatant cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17). Although anti-CD154 mAb monotherapy showed only moderate inhibitory effects on xenoreactive T-cell proliferation, low-dose anti-CD154 mAb combined with low-dose Tac, CSA, or Rapa could produce significant synergistic inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION: Tac is more efficient than CsA or Rapa in inhibiting xenogeneic T-cell responses in vitro. If used in combination with anti-CD154 mAb, all the three immunosuppressants can achieve satisfactory synergistic inhibitory effects.

CS12192: A novel selective and potent JAK3 inhibitor mitigates acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant role of JAK3 in various autoimmune diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), there has been a lack of potent and selective JAK3 inhibitors specifically studied for GVHD. In our preclinical investigations, we evaluated a novel JAK3 inhibitor called CS12192, which is already undergoing clinical investigation in autoimmune diseases. METHODS: We evaluated the efficacy of CS12192 in GVHD through mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in both mouse and human cells, as well as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a murine model. RESULTS: CS12192, starting at a concentration of 0.5 µM, dose-dependently reduced the intracellular positivity for cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001) and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001) during mouse allogeneic MLR assays. This effect was observed for both single and double positivity of the cytokines. Moreover, In MLR assays with three different human donors, CS12192 also demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in the proportion of IFN-γ positive CD4+ T cells (p < 0.0001) and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001). Additionally, it suppressed T cell proliferation in the mouse MLR (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001), but this effect was observed in only one human donor (p < 0.001 to p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the administration of CS12192 at 40 and 80 mg/kg BID significantly improved the survival rate in the BMT model, resulting in cumulative 62-day survival rates of 88.89% (p < 0.01) and 100% (p < 0.001), respectively, compared with prednisolone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CS12192 is a novel, potent and selective JAK3 inhibitor demonstrating great potential to mitigate acute GVHD.

K33 only mutant ubiquitin augments bone marrow-derived dendritic cell-mediated CTL priming via PI3K-Akt pathway.

To explore the effect of K33 only mutant ubiquitin (K33O) on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells' (BMDCs') maturity, antigen uptake capability, surface molecule expressions and BMDC-mediated CTL priming, and further investigate the role of PI3K-Akt engaged in K33O-increased BMDC maturation, antigen uptake and presentation, surface molecule expressions and BMDC-based CTL priming. BMDCs were conferred K33O and other ubiquitin mutants (K33R, K48R, K63R-mutant ubiquitin) incubation or LY294002 and wortmannin pretreatment. PI3K-Akt phosphorylation, antigen uptake, antigenic presentation and CD86/MHC class I expression in BMDC were determined by western blot or flow cytometry. BMDC-based CTL proliferation and priming were determined by in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot) and flow cytometry with intracellular staining, respectively. The treatment with K33O effectively augmented PI3K-Akt phosphorylation, BMDCs' antigen uptake, antigenic presentation, CD86/MHC class I and CD11c expressions. MLR, Elispot and flow cytometry revealed that K33O treatment obviously enhanced CTL proliferation, CTL priming and perforin/granzyme B expression. The pretreatment with PI3K-Akt inhibitors efficiently abrogated K33O's effects on BMDC. The replenishment of K33 only mutant ubiquitin augments BMDC-mediated CTL priming in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via PI3K-Akt signalling.

Anti-Donor T-Cell Responses Are Not Necessarily Attenuated During Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common opportunistic infection of kidney transplantation (KT), is preventable by prophylactic and preemptive antiviral drugs in CMV-immunoglobulin (Ig)G-positive donors. Our preemptive therapy optimized immunosuppressive doses based on mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) results, regardless of preoperative CMV-IgG serostatus pairing. This study used the MLR to compare the anti-donor T-cell responses between CMV antigenemia-positive and -negative cases. METHODS: One hundred patients underwent KT using a cyclosporine (CsA)-based immunosuppressive regimen at Hiroshima University Hospital. CMV antigenemia-positive cells were defined as 4/50,000 CMVpp65-positive cells. T-cell responses to allo-antigens were measured using MLR assays to evaluate patients' anti-donor immune reactivity. After analyzing the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, the stimulation indices of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were quantified. The study used no prisoners, and the participants were neither coerced nor paid. The manuscript was created in compliance with the Helsinki Congress and the Declaration of Istanbul. RESULTS: Forty-three patients tested positive for CMV antigenemia within 3 months after KT. No significant differences were found between the CMV antigenemia-positive and -negative groups in the stimulation indices for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to anti-donor stimulation. However, T-cell responses to third-party stimuli during the postoperative month 1 were significantly less in the CMV antigenemia-positive than -negative group. CONCLUSION: Anti-donor T-cell responses are not necessarily attenuated during CMV infection in KT recipients. In CMV-infected KT recipients, caution should be exercised against inadvertent dose reduction of immunosuppressants.

Characterization of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing.

Background: The Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) consists in the allogeneic co-culture of monocytes derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) with T cells from another donor. This in vitro assay is largely used for the assessment of immunotherapy compounds. Nevertheless, the phenotypic changes associated with lymphocyte responsiveness under MLR have never been thoroughly evaluated. Methods: Here, we used multiplex cytokine and chemokine assays, multiparametric flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing to deeply characterize T cells activation and function in the context of CD4+- and CD8+-specific MLR kinetics. Results: We showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MLR share common classical markers of response such as polyfunctionality, increased proliferation and CD25 expression but differ in their kinetics and amplitude of activation as well as their patterns of cytokines secretion and immune checkpoints expression. The analysis of immunoreactive Ki-67+CD25+ T cells identified PBK, LRR1 and MYO1G as new potential markers of MLR response. Using cell-cell communication network inference and pathway analysis on single cell RNA sequencing data, we also highlighted key components of the immunological synapse occurring between T cells and the stimulatory MoDCs together with downstream signaling pathways involved in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation. Conclusion: These results provide a deep understanding of the kinetics of the MLR assay for CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and may allow to better characterize compounds impacting MLR and eventually identify new strategies for immunotherapy in cancer.

Pruebas de Histocompatibilidad en el Programa de Trasplantes / Histocompatibility tasting provides data to evaluate the immunological risk for transplantation

The importance of the role of the histocompatibility laboratory in solid organ transplantation is to perform HLA typing and determine the degree of HLA matching between recipient/donor. It is a useful tool to increase graft survival and decrease chronic rejection. HLA matching has a positive effect on kidney transplants and it has variable impact on other organ transplants. The crossmatch procedure is the most important test in a solid organ transplantation to evaluate the presence of recipient antibodies to antigens expressed on donor white cells. This test decreases the risk of hyperacute humoral rejection or early graft loss. Positive crossmatch is a contraindication for transplantation because it represents the existence of IgG recipient antibodies that will reath againts donor antigens. Antibody evaluation is important in donor-recipient selection and the responsability of the histocompatibility laboratory is to identify clinically relevant anti-donor HLA antibodies. This detection is useful to determine the degree of humoral alloimmunization, expressed as a percent panel reactive antibody (96PRA). This test also provides information about the antibody specificity and can be used for evaluate a patient's immune status providing a significant correlation in selecting donors.

La importancia del laboratorio de histocompatibilidad en los programas de trasplante de órganos sólidos es llevar a cabo la tipificación HLA para determinar el grado de compatibilidad que exhibe la pareja receptor/donador para el trasplante. Se tiene conocimiento que el grado de compatibilidad HLA representa un efecto positivo en el trasplante renal y en la disminución de los episodios de rechazo. Su impacto en la sobrevida de los injertos es variable en otros órganos. El procedimiento más importante para evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos preformados presentes en el suero del receptor en contra de los antígenos expresados en los linfocitos del donador es la prueba cruzada. Esta prueba permite disminuir el riesgo de un rechazo hiperagudo o la pérdida temprana del injerto. Una prueba cruzada positiva se considera como contraindicación para el trasplante por presencia de anticuerpos preformados detectables en el suero del receptor del tipo IgG en contra de los antígenos del donador en estudio. Parte de la responsabilidad del laboratorio de histocompatibilidad es la detección en el receptor de anticuerpos anti-HLA clínicamente relevantes dirigidos en contra de las especificidades antigénicas de su potencial donador. Esta evaluación es útil para conocer el grado de aloinmunización humoral del paciente (sensibilización) y se expresa como un porcentaje de reactividad de anticuerpos (%PRA). Esta prueba también permite conocer la especificidad del anticuerpo anti HLA presente, y así evaluar el estatus inmunológico del paciente y la selección del donador.

Abnormal expression of CD54 in mixed reactions of mononuclear cells from hyper-IgE syndrome patients

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to infections associated with heterogeneous immunologic and non-immunologic abnormalities. Most patients consistently exhibit defective antigen-induced-T cell activation, that could be partly due to altered costimulation involving accessory molecules; however, the expression of these molecules has never been documented in HIES. Therefore, we investigated the expression of CD11a, CD28, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD86, and CD154 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six patients and six healthy controls by flow cytometry after autologous and mixed allogeneic reactions. Only the allogeneic stimuli induced significant proliferative responses and interleukin 2 and interferon gamma production in both groups. Most accessory molecules showed similar expression between patients and controls with the exception of CD54, being expressed at lower levels in HIES patients regardless of the type of stimulus used. Decreased expression of CD54 could partly explain the deficient T cell activation to specific recall antigens in HIES patients, and might be responsible for their higher susceptibility to infections with defined types of microorganisms.

Estudio de la compatibilidad por métodos serológicos (HLA) y celulares (CML) en 22 años de trabajo en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología / Study of compatibility by serological(HLA)and cellular methods (MLC) in 22 years of work in the Hematology and Immunology Institute

Se estudió la histocompatibilidad de los loci ABC y del locus D del sistema principal de histocompatibilidad mediante las técnicas serológicas de microlinfocitotoxicidad en 383 pacientes con diferentes enfermedades hematológicas. Se comparó por la técnica celular y la reactividad linfocitaria en el cultivo mixto de linfocitos (CML) de 39 de los 145 individuos idénticos para los antígenos HLA, de los estudios familiares realizados en el IHI, de los que resultaron 29 CML negativos, para el 74,35 por ciento. No se correspondieron en el 100 por ciento los estudios serológicos y celulares, ya que no se compatibilizó en todos los casos para los antígenos HLA de clase II, y en ninguno para los antígenos menores de histocompatibilidad, que influyen tanto en los resultados del CML, como en las causas de fracaso del trasplante de médula ósea (TMO) en individuos idénticos. Esto corrobora la importancia de los estudios de tipificación de Biología Molecular y antígenos menores de histocompatibilidad.

Screening and fractionation of plant extracts with antiproliferative activity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Three hundred and thirteen extracts from 136 Brazilian plant species belonging to 36 families were tested for their suppressive activity on phytohemaglutinin (PHA) stimulated proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The proliferation was evaluated by the amount of [ H]-thymidine incorporated by the cells. Twenty extracts inhibited or strongly reduced the proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at doses between 10 and 100 æg/ml. Three of these extracts appeared to be non-toxic to lymphocytes, according to the trypan blue permeability assay and visual inspection using optical microscopy. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Alomia myriadenia extract showed that myriadenolide, a labdane diterpene known to occur in this species, could account for the observed activity of the crude extract. Using a similar protocol, an active fraction of the extract from Gaylussacia brasiliensis was obtained. Analysis of the H and13C NMR spectra of this fraction indicates the presence of an acetylated triterpene whose characterization is underway. The extract of Himatanthus obovatus is currently under investigation

Correlation of mixed lymphocyte culture with chronic graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mixed lymphocyte culture as a predictive assay of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We studied 153 patients who received a first bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Acute GVHD was observed in 26 of 128 (20.3 percent) patients evaluated and chronic GVHD occurred in 60 of 114 (52.6 percent). One-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assays were performed by the standard method. MLC results are reported as the relative response (RR) from donor against patient cells. The responses ranged from -47.0 to 40.7 percent, with a median of 0.5 percent. The Kaplan-Meier probability of developing GVHD was determined for patients with positive and negative MLC. There was no significant difference in incidence of acute GVHD between the groups studied. However, the incidence of chronic GVHD was higher in recipients with RR >4.5 percent than in those with RR <=4.5 percent. The Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to examine the effect of MLC levels on incidence of chronic GVHD, while adjusting for the potential confounding effect of others suspected or observed risk factors. The relative risk of chronic GVHD was 2.5 for patients with positive MLC (RR >4.5 percent), 2.9 for those who received peripheral blood progenitor cells as a graft, and 2.2 for patients who developed previous acute GVHD. MLC was not useful for predicting acute GVHD, but MLC with RR >4.5 percent associated with other risk factors could predict the development of chronic GVHD, being of help for the prevention and/or treatment of this late complication

Aplicación de métodos de laboratorio dirigidos a la evaluacion de respuesta inmune celular de una poblacion mixta actual frente a estimulos alogenicos

El trasplante de organos es una realidad terapeutica exitosa desde hace algunas decadas, lamentablemente este avance tropieza con dos limitaciones importantes: la gran demanda insatisfecha de organos compatibles y los cuadros de rechazo, que constituye la causa mas importante de perdida de un injerto. En los ultimos años el conocimiento de los mecanismos de rechazo a injertos ha desarrollado gracias al empleo de metodos laboratoriales capaces de identificar las caracteristicas de la respuesta inmune frente a moleculas HLA alogenicas. En nuestro estudio hemos planteado la necesidad de evaluar el caracter inmunologico respondedor de nuestra poblacion hacia moleculas HLA, incorporando la tecnica del cultivo mixto de linfocitos (CML) al conjunto de ensayos disponibles en nuestro medio, que basicamente estan dirigidos al estudio del estado inmunologico de un posible receptos de trasplante. La investigacion se dividio en tres fases principales: establecimiento de sistemas de cultivo celular. Optimizacion del cultivo mixto de linfocitos no radiactivo usando mitomocina c y una sal de tetrazolio MTT como alternativas. La evaluacion de la respuesta inmune celular de una poblacion mixta actual a antigenos de histocompatibilidad. Esta metodologia nos permitio, evidenciar la gran utilida del metodo del MTT como ensayo no radiactivo en la evaluacion de la actividad y proliferacion celular, demostrar un caracter inmunologico muy particular de la respuesta de nuestra poblacion hacia antigenos de trasplante que en principio no refleja niveles de reactividad tan altos como los esperados y revelar gracias a un analisis de brechas una caracteristica respondedora individual dependiente de factores geneticos ciertamente poco explotados en la literatura como la seleccion determinante. La presente investigacion pretende aportar al estudio de la monitorizacion del estado inmunologico de individuos post transplantados campo de ultima generacion en el area del trasplante clinico. No obstante los resultados obtenidos son alentadores, creemos que la consideracion de otros factores como la existencia de genes Ir, antigenos GREC, la tolerancia neonatal, el verdadero rol de las moleculas HLA y el desarrollo de ensayos mas precisos para la monitorizacin inmunologica son aun temas pendientes de amplia investigacion

Addition of exogenous cytokines in mixed lymphocyte culture for selecting related donors for bone marrow transplantation

CONTEXT: Mixed lymphocyte culturing has led to conflicting opinions regarding the selection of donors for bone marrow transplantation. The association between a positive mixed lymphocyte culture and the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is unclear. The use of exogenous cytokines in mixed lymphocyte cultures could be an alternative for increasing the sensitivity of culture tests. OBJECTIVE: To increase the sensitivity of mixed lymphocyte cultures between donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical siblings, using exogenous cytokines, in order to predict post-transplantation GVHD and/or rejection. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective study. SETTING: Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients with hematological malignancies and their respective donors selected for bone marrow transplantation procedures. PROCEDURES: Standard and modified mixed lymphocyte culturing by cytokine supplementation was carried out using donor and recipient cells typed for HLA. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Autologous and allogenic responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures after the addition of IL-4 or IL-2. RESULTS: In comparison with the standard method, average responses in the modified mixed lymphocyte cultures increased by a factor of 2.0 using IL-4 (p < 0.001) and 6.4 using IL-2 (p < 0.001), for autologous donor culture responses. For donor-versus-recipient culture responses, the increase was by a factor of 1.9 using IL-4 (p < 0.001) and 4.1 using IL-2 (p < 0.001). For donor-versus-unrelated culture responses, no significant increase was observed using IL-4, and a mean response inhibition of 20 percent was observed using IL-2 (p < 0.001). Neither of the cytokines produced a significant difference in the unrelated control versus recipient cell responses. CONCLUSION: IL-4 supplementation was the best for increasing the mixed lymphocyte culture sensitivity. However, IL-4 also increased autologous responses, albeit less intensively than IL-2. Thus, with this loss of specificity we believe that it is not worth modifying the traditional mixed lymphocyte culture method, even with IL-4 addition

Efeito imunossupressor dos gangliosídeos: estudo in vivo / Immunosupressive effect of gangliosides: in vivo study

Imunomodulação mais específica e eficaz é uma meta importante a ser atingida na área de órgão. Neste sentido, foi estudado previamente o papel imunomodulador dos gangliosídeos "in vitro". No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar este efeito agora "in vivo", mimetizando a situação do transplante alogênico. Foram utilizados 26 ratos Wistar 1 EPM, machos, com 3 meses de idade, pesando cerca de 250g, procedentes do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Pesquisa Experimental em Medicina e Biologia. Os animais fora mantidos por 5 dias, para adaptação, no biotério setorial da Disciplina de Técnica Operatória e Cirurgia Experimental da UNIFESP-EPM, recebendo água e ração própria para a espécie. Os animais foram distribuídos em grupos conforme segue: grupos experimento (que receberam 1, 3 e 6 mg/kg/dia de gangliosídeos) e um grupo controle que recebeu veículo, todos por via intramuscular durante 7 dias consecutivos. No 8º dia, com os animais anestesiados com éter etílico foi feita a remoção cirúrgica do baço de todos os animais, os quais foram sacrificados por exsanguinação, ainda sob efeito anestésico. Os baços removidos foram processados para a obtenção de linfócitos os quais foram cultivados em placa de cultura com 96 poços, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 1,5x10(5) linfócitos viáveis de cada animal dos grupos experimento e controle foram cultivados com 1,5x10(5) linfócitos viáveis de um rato não tratado, sendo assim realizada a reação mista de linfócitos. Os linfócitos provenientes dos animais dos grupos controle e 1 mg apresentaram aumento da proliferação sem nenhuma alteração. Por outro lado, foi observada uma taxa de inibição ao redor de 70 por cento sobre a proliferação linfocitária dos animais dos grupos 3 e 6 mg comparados aos animais dos grupos controle e 1 mg. O resultado desta investigação estimula a utilização dos gangliosídeos no tratamento da rejeição alogênica.

Histocompatibilidad / Histocompatibility

El Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad humano consiste en una serie de genes fuertemente enlazados presentes en el brazo corto del cromosoma 6, normalmente heredados en bloque y constituyen el haplotipo HLA. La mayoría presenta alto polimorfismo, lo que permite la presencia de numerosas variantes alélicas. La herencia de este segmento puede seguirse dentro de una familia por tipificación de ADN celular o de los antígenos HLA expresados en las membranas celulares, permitiendo estudios de filiación o poblacionales. La función más importante es el reconocimiento de la identidad: las células se reconocen entre sí como propias de un individuo. Juegan un papel esencial en la selección clonal de linfocitos, en la presentación antigénica y en la regulación del sistema inmune. El estudio de su asociación con enfermedades representó un importante avance en la Inmunología clínica. En la actualidad numerosos trabajos reafirman su papel en los procesos autoinmunes, en la respuesta inmune según la interacción del sitio de unión del HLA y el epitope antigénico presentado y probablemente en la susceptibilidad a determinados tumores. Objetivos: Introducir al conocimiento del Sistema Mayor de Histocompatibilidad y su aplicación clínica, comprender los fundamentos de los estudios más frecuentes fomentando la autoevaluación y educación continua

Inhibitory serum factor of lymphoproliferative response to allogeneic cells in pregnancy

An inhibitory serum factor of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) has been associated with successful pregnancy after lymphocyte transfusion in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). Objective: Investigate whether the inhibitory serum factor of MLC is essential for a successful pregnancy. Method: Sera from 33 healthy pregnant women and from 40 women with RSA were assessed by a one-way MLC in which the woman's lymphocytes were stimulated with her partner's lymphocytes or with third party lymphocytes. Results: An inhibitory serum effect (inhibition >50 percent as compared to normal serum) was detected in 45 percent of the pregnant women who had at least 1 previous parity, in 8 percent of the primigravidea, in 29 percent of those with one abortion and in 58 percent of those with more than one abortion. Conclusion: MLC inhibitory serum factor does not seem to be an essential factor for pregnancy development. Therefore, it should not be considered as a parameter for the assessment of RSA patients.

Maduracion Linfocitaria in vitro con zinc / Lymphocytic maturation in vitro with Zinc

Con el fin de encontrar una mejor respuesta en la maduracion de las subpobllaciones linfocitarias timo dependientes inmaduras, clase diferencial la. (CDla) mediante la utilizacion de zinc, se compararon invitro 3 grupos, (cada uno de 23 muestras sanguineas) de ninos con diagnostico de malnutricion proteico calorico severa: Grupo 1 sin zinc (T6(-)), Grupo 2 Con hormona timica (T6(FTS)) y el Grupo 3 Con zinc (T6(Asp-zn), T6(Glu-zn) y T6(Q-zn)), encontrandose una respuesta marcadamente positiva de maduracion de linfocitos timodependeintes, con los 3 compuestos de zinc. Este hallazgo nos permite ensayar la utilizacion de dichos compuestos en la rehabilitacion de ninos malnutridos graves.

Efeito imunossupressor do misoprostol in vitro e no transplante cardíaco em ratos / Immunosuppressive effect of misoprostol in vitro and in heart transplantation in rats

As prostaglandinas apresentam uma importante participaçäo no controle da resposta imunológica humoral e celular. No presente estudo avaliou-se a capacidade do misoprostol, um análogo sintético da prostaglandina E1, de inibir a resposta linfocitária proliferativa in vitro a antígenos celulares em cultura mista de linfócitos, e a mitógenos, Concavalina A, no rato. Também foi avaliada a capacidade do misoprostol, como monoterapia ou em associaçäo à ciclosporina A, de prolongar a sobrevida do enxerto cardíaco, alogênico heterotópico em ratos BN para Lew. O misoprostol inibiu a resposta proliferativa mitogênica à Cincavalina A, com uma inibiçäo média superir a 90// com concentraçöes de 100 µg/ml. Em concentraçöes de 10µg/ml ocorreu uma estimulaçäo da resposta linfocitária em cultura mista em três de quatro experimentos. Contudo, em concentraçöes iguais ou superiores a 25 µg/ml, observou-se uma nítida inibiçäo da resposta linfocitária. Quando administrado via subcutânea e na dose de 1 mg/Kg/dia o misoprostol foi capaz de prolongar a sobrevida do enxerto, cardíaco alogênico em ratos. A associaçäo do misoprostol à ciclosporina A näo induziu a um aumento da sobrevida do enxerto estatísticamente significativo. Os resultados obtidos com a administraçäo de baixas doses ciclosporina em doses mais elevadas. A análise histológica dos enxertos näo mostrou diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos. Conclue-se que o misoprostol apresenta propriedades imunossupressoras, in vitro e in vivo, no rato. O misoprostol poderá permitir uma reduçäo na quantidade de ciclosporina A administrada, sem prejuízo na sobrevida dos diversos tipos de enxertos

Interferón gamma y factor necrosante de tumores/linfotoxina en el cultivo de linfocitos de candidatos y donadores de trasplante renal

Basados en el papel central que ejercen el interferón gamma (INF-gamma) y el factor necrazante de tumores (FNT) en los procesos de acitivación e inflamación y en los efectos antivirales de éstos, nos propusimos determinar sus niveles en cultivos mixtos de linfocitos (CML) de parejas de candidatos receptores/donadores de trasplante renal. Mediante radioinminoanálisis y ensayo biológico correlacionamos estos niveles con la presencia de episodios de rechazo e infección por Citomegalovirus (CMV) en el período postrasplante

Histocompatibilidad, citomegalovirus y trasplante renal

Se utilizó el cultivo mixto de linfocitos (CML) para tratar de establecer la correlación entre alorreactividad, rechazo e infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) y la posible reactivación del virus in vitro. Se practicaron CML clásicos para estudiar la respuesta proliferativa y en paralelo, CML para los estudios de reactivación viral. El período de seguimineto clínico de los pacientes osciló entre tres meses y un año y durante el cual se pudo corroborar la fuerte asociación entre rechazo e infección por CMV (p=0.001). Se probaron, por aislamiento viral, 144 sobrenadantes de combinaciones de CML con resultados negativos. En general, la correlación entre CML y HLA fue pobre; si bien fue significativa para HLA-(A+B), no fue la DR. Tampoco hubo asociación entre el rechazo y los parámetros clínicos rutinarios para el seguimineto de los pacientes (BUN, creatinina, depuración de creatinina), al igual que con la clase y el número de transfusiones. El porcentaje promedio de respuesta relativa (por cientoRR) fue mayor cuando la relación con el donante era paternal que cuando era fraternal (p=0.05) y la mayoría de los episodios de infección por CMV y rechazo se presentaron en los pacientes que recibieron trasplante de origen paterno