RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Herbal supplements, and particularly multi-ingredient products, have become increasingly common causes of acute liver injury. Green tea is a frequent component in implicated products, but its role in liver injury is controversial. The aim of this study was to better characterize the clinical features, outcomes, and pathogenesis of green tea-associated liver injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Among 1,414 patients enrolled in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network who underwent formal causality assessment, 40 cases (3%) were attributed to green tea, 202 to dietary supplements without green tea, and 1,142 to conventional drugs. The clinical features of green tea cases and representation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles in cases and control were analyzed in detail. Patients with green tea-associated liver injury ranged in age from 17 to 69 years (median = 40) and developed symptoms 15-448 days (median = 72) after starting the implicated agent. The liver injury was typically hepatocellular (95%) with marked serum aminotransferase elevations and only modest increases in alkaline phosphatase. Most patients were jaundiced (83%) and symptomatic (88%). The course was judged as severe in 14 patients (35%), necessitating liver transplantation in 3 (8%), but rarely resulting in chronic injury (3%). In three instances, injury recurred upon re-exposure to green tea with similar clinical features, but shorter time to onset. HLA typing revealed a high prevalence of HLA-B*35:01, found in 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58-87) of green tea cases, but only 15% (95% CI, 10-20) caused by other supplements and 12% (95% CI, 10-14) attributed to drugs, the latter rate being similar to population controls (11%; 95% CI, 10.5-11.5). CONCLUSIONS: Green tea-related liver injury has distinctive clinical features and close association with HLA-B*35:01, suggesting that it is idiosyncratic and immune mediated.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología , Antígenos HLA-B/análisis , Té , Adulto , Causalidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/epidemiología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/inmunología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Pruebas de Función Hepática/métodos , Pruebas de Función Hepática/estadística & datos numéricos , Trasplante de Hígado/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Té/efectos adversos , Té/inmunología , Transaminasas/sangre , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Allergy is an immune-mediated disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Regular treatment with glucocorticoids and antihistamine drugs for allergy patients is palliative rather than permanent. Daily use of dietary anti-allergic natural products is a superior way to prevent allergy and alleviate the threat. Tea, as a health-promoting beverage, has multiple compounds with immunomodulatory ability. Persuasive evidence has shown the anti-allergic ability of tea against asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. Recent advances in potential anti-allergic ability of tea and anti-allergic compounds in tea have been reviewed in this paper. Tea exerts its anti-allergic effect mainly by reducing IgE and histamine levels, decreasing FcεRI expression, regulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells and inhibiting related transcription factors. Further research perspectives are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Antialérgicos/inmunología , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/prevención & control , Té/inmunología , HumanosAsunto(s)
Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/diagnóstico , Anciano , Alérgenos/inmunología , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Artemisia/inmunología , Manzanilla/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Imitación Molecular , Polen/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, which is affected by several factors. Anti-histamines, steroids, and immunosuppressive agents have been used for the treatment of AD. However, many studies have reported that long-term use and abuse of these drugs causes many side effects. This study was performed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of green tea extract on AD-like lesions in NC/Nga mice. Green tea extract from tannase digest (GTT), beta-hexosaminidase, and histamine were measured in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Dorsal skin application of house dust mite-ointment induced AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. Dermatitis scores, skin moisture, transepidermal waterloss (TEWL), thickness of skin and ear, T-cell proliferation, levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines, and infiltration of mast cell were measured to assess the degree of AD induction. Skin moisture and TEWL were measured using probes, and ELISA was performed to measure the immunoglobulin and cytokine levels in blood. GTT was selected based on its ability to inhibit the release of beta-hexosaminidase and histamine in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Oral administration of GTT significantly suppressed the skin inflammation and symptoms of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. GTT may have a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of AD.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Piel/patología , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/inmunología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Currently, a variety of studies have demonstrated that green tea has anti-allergic properties, and the major polyphenolic compound, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), plays a significant role. Some research indicates that EGCG reduces the production and expression of allergy-related substances. Therefore, EGCG has a potential effect of reducing allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, the effect of EGCG on allergic rhinitis in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model was investigated. After administration of EGCG, the number of sneezes and the occurrence of nasal rubbing were significantly decreased, the concentrations of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine were suppressed in AR mouse serum, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 were reduced in AR mice nasal lavage fluid (NLF), and the nasal mucosa mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 were inhibited. The data indicate that EGCG has a beneficial effect of reducing allergic rhinitis.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Rinitis Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Catequina/uso terapéutico , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Histamina/sangre , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Estornudo , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Green tea has been shown to have beneficial effects against a variety of diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Through cellular, animal, and human experiments, green tea and its major component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects. Our previous findings have indicated that green tea and EGCG suppress the gene and/or protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related enzymes. METHODS: Using bibliographic databases, particularly PubMed (provided by the http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, United States), we examined the potential usefulness of green tea/EGCG for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases in human clinical and epidemiological studies. We also reviewed results from cellular and animal experiments and proposed action mechanisms. RESULTS: Most of the results from the human studies indicated the beneficial effects of green tea and tea catechins against inflammatory diseases. The cellular and animal studies also provided evidence for the favorable effects of green tea/EGCG. These results are compatible with our previous findings and can be largely explained by a mechanism wherein green tea/EGCG acts as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species, leading to attenuation of nuclear factor-κB activity. CONCLUSION: Since green tea and EGCG have multiple targets and act in a pleiotropic manner, we may consider their usage to improve the quality of life in patients with inflammatory disease. Green tea and EGCG have beneficial health effects and no severe adverse effects; however, care should be taken to avoid overdosage, which may induce deleterious effects including hepatic injury.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Camellia sinensis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Neoplasias/terapia , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Obesidad/terapia , Té/inmunología , Animales , Catequina/química , Catequina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Té/químicaRESUMEN
We report a case of a 50-year-old lady with allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine, who in her quest to find a substitute hair dye, subsequently reacted to a number of plant-based hair dyes, including pure henna, black tea and indigo powder respectively. While these substances all contain tannins, testing to possible constituents tannic acid and gallic acid was negative.
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Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Tinturas para el Cabello/efectos adversos , Fenilendiaminas/efectos adversos , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/etiología , Alérgenos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Carmin de Índigo/inmunología , Lawsonia (Planta)/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas del Parche , Prurito/diagnóstico , Prurito/etiología , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A major green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been proven protective against lethal sepsis in experimental setting, but its protective mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence to support EGCG's capacities in stimulating G-CSF production and neutrophilia in vivo. In an animal model of sepsis, EGCG significantly elevated peritoneal levels of G-CSF and several chemokines (e.g., MCP-1/CCL2 and MIP-1γ/CCL9), and consequently increased peritoneal neutrophil numbers (neutrophilia) at a late stage. In vitro, EGCG divergently affected HMGB1-mediated production of several chemokines: reducing CXCL15 and RANTES/CCL5, but elevating G-CSF and MIP-1α/CCL3 production by peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, it significantly induced the expression and secretion of G-CSF and MIP-1α/CCL3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Based on our preliminary data, it may be important to search for anti-inflammatory and G-CSF-stimulating agents for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Sepsis/inmunología , Animales , Catequina/administración & dosificación , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocinas/genética , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/metabolismo , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Sepsis/terapia , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In order to study the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated green tea extract on rainbow trout, a study with a 30-day feeding trial was conducted. Commercial diets with graded levels of decaffeinated green tea extract, 20 mg (T1), 100 mg (T2), 500 mg (T3) per kg feed were prepared. 120 rainbow trout (35 ± 3 g) were randomly assigned to 4 groups in triplicates and fed one of the 3 experimental diets formulated or control diet. After feeding trial, 12 fish from each group were sampled for analysis of some immunological parameters. Remaining fish were injected with 0.5 ml of chicken red blood cell (C-RBC) suspension (2%) intraperitoneally on days 5 and 15 after feeding trial. Results of the current study showed that the inclusion of 20 mg kg-1 green tea (T1) in fish diet enhanced the serum bactericidal activity against Yersinia ruckeri, while significant elevation of lysozyme activity was shown in T2 group. Anti-trypsin activity due to α1-antiprotease was significantly higher in T1 and T2 groups while peroxidase content showed significant increase in all treatment groups compared to control group. Hemagglutination antibody titer against C-RBC was significantly higher in fish administered with 100 mg kg(-1) green tea (T2). Our findings showed that decaffeinated green tea in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout.
Asunto(s)
Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Oncorhynchus mykiss/inmunología , Té/inmunología , Yersinia ruckeri/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Factores Inmunológicos/inmunología , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Prueba Bactericida de Suero/veterinaria , Yersinia ruckeri/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A 51-year-old man presented with fever and fatigue after 3.5 months of antituberculosis therapy. High-resolution computed tomography of his chest revealed new ground-glass opacities and poorly defined centrilobular nodules. He had undergone catechin inhalation for 1 month. We diagnosed hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) based on the clinical course, bronchoscopy and a challenge test. Cases of HP due to inhalation of extracted catechin powder are rare. Although it has many known positive attributes, it is necessary to be aware that catechin can cause HP.
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Alveolitis Alérgica Extrínseca/etiología , Camellia sinensis/inmunología , Catequina/inmunología , Té/inmunología , Administración por Inhalación , Alveolitis Alérgica Extrínseca/diagnóstico por imagen , Alveolitis Alérgica Extrínseca/inmunología , Camellia sinensis/efectos adversos , Catequina/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Té/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Effect of diet enriched with green tea at 0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0% levels on immune responses such as non-specific humoral (lysozyme, antiprotease and complement) and cellular (myeloperoxidase content, production of reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species) and disease resistance on week 1, 2 or 4 in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus challenged with Vibrio carchariae (2.47 × 10(8) CFU ml(-1)) was quantified. At all doses green tea supplementation significantly enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from weeks 1 to 4. On the other hand, after week 2 the serum hemolytic complement activity, leucocyte myeloperoxidase content and reactive nitrogen species protection significantly increased in groups fed with 0.01 and 0.1% green tea supplementation diets. The serum antiprotease activity significantly increased in group fed with at 1.0% green tea from week 1 to 4. However, all diets except at 0.01% level resulted in a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species protection during the experimental period. Challenged groups fed with green tea enriched diet at 0.01 and 0.1% level had a higher relative percent survival than with 1.0% diet on week 1, 2 or 4. The results suggest that dietary administration of green tea supplementation at a concentration of 0.01 and 0.1% level positively enhances the non-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and disease resistance of kelp grouper E. bruneus to V. carchariae.
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Lubina/inmunología , Dieta/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular/inmunología , Inmunidad Humoral/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Té/inmunología , Vibriosis/veterinaria , Animales , Enzimas/sangre , Enzimas/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/mortalidad , Leucocitos/enzimología , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Vibrio/fisiología , Vibriosis/inmunología , Vibriosis/mortalidadRESUMEN
The effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhzia glabra, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum and Elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. Ex vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double-blind intervention studies. Both studies were conducted in India with healthy volunteers (age >or= 55 years) selected for a relatively low baseline NK cell activity and a history of recurrent coughs and colds. In a pilot study conducted with 32 volunteers, the consumption of Natural Care tea significantly improved the NK cell activity of the volunteers in comparison with a population consuming regular tea. These results were validated in an independent crossover study with 110 volunteers. Data from these two studies indicate that regular consumption of the tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs enhanced NK cell activity, which is an important aspect of the (early) innate immune response to infections.
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Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Medicina Ayurvédica , Plantas Medicinales/inmunología , Té/inmunología , Anciano , Línea Celular , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos PilotoAsunto(s)
Asma/etiología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Té/efectos adversos , Asma/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Té/inmunología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Oriental Beauty, which is made from tea leaves infested by the tea green leafhopper (Jacobiasca formosana) in Taiwan, has a unique aroma like ripe fruits and honey. To determine what occurs in the tea leaves during the oolong tea manufacturing process, the gene expression profiles and the chemical profiles were investigated. Tea samples were prepared from Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Chin-shin Dah-pang while the tea leaves were attacked by the insect. The main volatile compounds, such as linalool-oxides, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, and 2,6-dimethylocta-3,7-diene-2,6-diol, increased during manufacture. The gene expression profiles during manufacture were analyzed by differential screening between fresh leaves and tea leaves of the first turn over. Many up-regulated transcripts were found to encode various proteins homologous to stress response proteins. Accordingly, the endogenous contents of abscisic acid and raffinose increased during manufacture. Thus the traditional manufacturing method is a unique process that utilizes plant defense responses to elevate the production of volatile compounds and other metabolites.
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Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Té/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba/inmunología , Animales , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Manipulación de Alimentos/normas , Inmunidad/genética , Insectos/patogenicidad , Hojas de la Planta/inmunología , Taiwán , Té/inmunología , Té/normasRESUMEN
AIMS: Pathogenicity of Curvularia eragrostidis, a foliar fungal pathogen of tea was studied in 24 commercially cultivated tea varieties by analysing the antigenic patterns of host and pathogen with the help of immunoserological techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS: Initial testing by cut shoot inoculation technique followed by whole plant inoculation technique showed that among the varieties tested, TV12 was the most susceptible and TV25 most resistant. Antigen preparations from tea varieties, fungal pathogens (C. eragrostidis and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) and a nonpathogen (Gliocladium virens) were compared by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and indirect ELISA to detect common antigens shared by host and pathogen. Common antigens were detected by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis only among susceptible varieties and the pathogens. Such antigens were not found between the pathogens and the resistant varieties and also between nonpathogens and tea varieties. However, ELISA revealed the presence of low level of common antigens between all combinations. A certain minimum level of antigens was present for compatible host-pathogen interaction. Indirect labelling of antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) showed that cross-reactive antigens were found to be concentrated mainly in the epidermal cells and also spread throughout the cortical cells. CONCLUSION: Pathogenicity of C. eragrostidis to different varieties of tea was found to be related to the level of common antigens present between host and pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND THE IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Indirect ELISA proved to be valuable in screening commercially cultivated varieties of tea for their susceptibility to C. eragrostidis.
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Microbiología de Alimentos , Hongos/patogenicidad , Té/microbiología , Animales , Antígenos/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Hongos/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata , Inmunoelectroforesis , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Conejos , Especificidad de la Especie , Té/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Approximately 4% of peripheral blood T cells in humans express a T cell receptor with markedly restricted germline gene segment usage (V gamma 2 V delta 2). Remarkably, these T cells expand 2- to 10-fold (8%-60% of all circulating T cells) during many microbial infections. We show here that these T cells recognize a family of naturally occurring primary alkylamines in a TCR-dependent manner. These antigenic alkylamines are secreted to millimolar concentrations in bacterial supernatants and are found in certain edible plants. Given the large numbers of memory V gamma 2 V delta 2 T cells in adult humans, recognition of alkylamine antigens offers the immune system a response of the magnitude of major superantigens for alpha beta T cells and may bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immunity.