The effects of online pilates on the mood and fear of birth of pregnant women: a randomized controlled study.

The Pilates exercise method is applied online to various population groups. This study aimed to determine the effect of online Pilates exercises on depression, anxiety, and fear of childbirth in pregnant women. Our randomized controlled study divided participants into the online pilates group (OPG) and the control group (CG). Pilates exercises were applied to the OPG according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, while the CG was given a home program. Assessments were made before and after the training. All measurements improved after Online Pilates (p < 0.05), while there was no change in the control group (p > 0.05). While initial measurement values were similar in both groups (p > 0.05), a statistical difference was observed in favor of OPG with a moderate effect percentage in all results after training (p < 0.05). These results revealed that eight weeks of online Pilates training could effectively reduce depression, anxiety, and fear of childbirth.Trial registration:Clinical trial registry: NCT05305716.

Short-term effects of Pilates-based exercise on upper limb strength and function in people with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) have impaired upper limb motor coordination, limiting the execution of activities of daily living. This study investigated the feasibility and safety of a short-term Pilates-based exercise program in the treatment of upper limb motor coordination for people with PD. METHODS: Fifteen patients - n (%) 4 women/11 men (27/73), median [interquartile range] age 66 [9] years - participated in this quasi-experimental (before-and-after) clinical trial. Patients underwent a 6-week (30 min/day, 3 days/week) Pilates exercise program using Reformer, Cadillac, Chair, and Barrel equipment. Feasibility was evaluated by adherence to the program and the ability to perform the exercises including progressions on difficulty. Safety was evaluated based on self-reported adverse events. Clinical and functional trends before and after the intervention were also computed regarding handgrip strength (HGS), fine motor coordination (9 Hole Peg Test; 9HPT), bradykinesia (Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale; MDS-UPDRS), and upper limb functionality (Test D'évaluation des Membres Supérieurs des Personnes Âgées, TEMPA). RESULTS: Of the 18 Pilates sessions, exercise adherence was 100%. The only adverse event observed was mild muscle pain. Pre-post differences were observed only for body bradykinesia and hypokinesia (1.0 [0.0] vs. 0.0 [1.0] s, adjusted p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: A short-term Pilates-based exercise program in the treatment of upper limb muscle strength, manual dexterity, bradykinesia, and functionality is feasible and safe for people with PD. Changes in upper limb bradykinesia encourage randomized clinical trials.

The effect of mulligan mobilization technique application in addition to conventional physiotherapy on pain and joint range of motion in people with neck pain.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of the Mulligan mobilization technique on pain intensity and range of motion in individuals with neck pain. METHODS: Forty individuals with mechanical neck pain were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups and a total of 10 sessions of treatment were administered to all 2 groups for 2 weeks, 5 days a week. Mulligan mobilization technique, electrophysical agents, active range of motion, and stretching exercises were carried out in the Mulligan group. In contrast, only electrophysical agents and exercises were applied to the conventional physiotherapy group. Range of motion (ROM) of the neck, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Statistical analyses were done to compare the amounts at the baseline and immediately after treatment. Statistically significant improvements were found in the post-treatment ROM, VAS, NPDS values in both groups (p < 0.05). When the differences were compared, the results of the Mulligan group were significantly better than the conventional physiotherapy group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of SF-36 parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the Mulligan mobilization technique plus conventional physiotherapy is more effective than conventional physiotherapy in increasing joint range of motion, reducing pain, and reducing neck disability. TRIAL REGISTRATON: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05074576).

Acute effects of a pilates method session on flexibility and performance in practitioners of an extreme conditioning program: A preliminary study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of Pilates exercises on flexibility and performance in practitioners of an extreme conditioning program (ECP). The hypothesis adopted was that Pilates could activate deeper muscles and improve the stability of core muscles. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study with individuals practicing an ECP submitted to a Pilates method (PM) exercise session. The Wells bench test was used to assess flexibility, while performance was evaluated using the Wall Ball exercise commonly performed by ECP practitioners. The perception of effort was measured using the Borg scale. RESULTS: A single session of PM exercises was able to significantly improve flexibility immediately after the exercises (p < 0.001) and performance in one of the movements of the ECP (p < 0.001), as well as decrease the perception of effort. CONCLUSION: An acute intervention with Pilates exercises promoted improvement in performance of the CrossFit Wall Ball exercise.

Effects of a mat Pilates-based exercise program for low back pain in helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force: Randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Helicopter pilots may present chronic low back pain due to vibration exposure and asymmetric posture during flight. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of a Pilates-based exercise program on low back pain of helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial with fifteen helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force, who were assessed for pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), disability associated with low back pain, and spine muscle endurance in three positions: trunk extension (Ito test) and left and right lateral bridge. Individuals were randomly distributed into the regular exercises group (REG) (n = 7), oriented to maintain their exercise routine, and Pilates group (PG) (n = 8), which performed an exercise program based on Pilates method twice a week for 12 weeks. Reassessments occurred after 6 and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed on SPSS 20.0 software using a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: PG showed a significant reduction in low back pain after 12 weeks of training compared with REG (mean difference of 3.5 points, p < 0.0001). We also observed increased endurance of trunk extensors (p = 0.002) and right (p = 0.001) and left lateral muscles (p = 0.001) in the PG compared with REG. However, the indexes of disability did not change between groups. CONCLUSION: Pain intensity was significantly reduced while spine muscle endurance increased in PG compared with REG after intervention; thus, Pilates-based exercises should be considered in physical conditioning programs for helicopter pilots.

+Acute blood pressure response after Mat Pilates alone and combined with aerobic exercise.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after one session of the Mat Pilates Method alone (traditional) - (MPA) and a second session of the Mat Pilates Method combined with an aerobic exercise (MP + STEP). The sample consisted of 10 adults, of both sexes, Pilates practitioners. Two MP sessions were performed, using 21 original exercises of the method. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before the beginning of the sessions, after 10 min of rest, immediately after the sessions, and 5 min after the end of the sessions. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations, α: 5%. In both sessions, SBP (mmHg) increased immediately after (p < 0.001) and returned to baseline values 5 min post-session (p = 0.181) (MPA-rest: 113.90 ± 3.22, immediately after: 120.70 ± 3.57.5; 5 min after: 117.20 ± 2.12; MP + STEP: rest: 112.80 ± 3.03, immediately after: 119.00 ± 3.00, 5 min after: 114.90 ± 2.09). DBP (mmHg) showed a reduction in both sessions immediately (p = 0.001) and 5 min after the sessions (p = 0.008) (MPA - rest: 71.00 ± 2.98; immediately after: 67.00 ± 3 0.03; 5 min after: 67.70 ± 2.31; MP + STEP - rest: 74.90 ± 2.10, immediately after: 67.10 ± 2.63; 5 min after: 70.00 ± 2.23). It is concluded that, regardless of the association with aerobic exercise, the Mat Pilates method can be performed without significant increases in SBP and with a reduction in DBP.

Effect of the 'Pilates stance' and Pilates-based matwork training on measurements of height, waist circumference, and interscapular distance.

BACKGROUND: Standardised guidelines for stance are used to improve interobserver reliability in anthropometric measurements in clinical practice. A key feature of the stance in Pilates is the 'drawing in and up' of the abdomen. The aim of this study was to study the impact of the Pilates stance on height, waist circumference and interscapular distance, compared to that recommended in clinical practice. METHODS: 48 healthy females (median age 60 years) were assessed before and after 10-week Pilates-based matwork training. One Pilates expert and one novice took independent measurements of weight, height, waist circumference and interscapular distance (ISD). RESULTS: Pilates stance, compared to Normal, increased height by up to 2.7 cm and decreased waist up to 5.2 cm (each P < 0.001, repeated measures ANOVA). ISD decreased up to 14 mm (P < 0.001) and this decrease was greater after training (P < 0.001). After controlling for age and length of time learning Pilates, greater baseline ISD predicted a greater change in ISD after the intervention. Effect of Pilates stance was greater when the expert took the measurements (each P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Activation of trunk muscles in the Pilates stance increases height and decreases waist circumference, compared to the stance recommended in UK healthcare settings. A decrease in ISD was observed, which was greater after a Pilates-based matwork programme. There are significant inter-observer differences, therefore current clinical guidelines for stance are recommended for repeated anthropometry. The value of the Pilates stance in improving posture and the role of ISD as a marker, should be further studied in various contexts, including clinical settings.

The Effects of Cervical Mobilization with Clinical Pilates Exercises on Pain, Muscle Stiffness and Head and Neck Blood Flow in Cervicogenic Headache: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Objectives: Physiotherapy approaches are used to eliminate the problems caused by cervicogenic headache (CHA), known as secondary headache associated with the structures of the upper cervical region. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cervical mobilization (CM) with clinical Pilates exercises (CPE) on pain, muscle stiffness and head-neck blood flow in CGH. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients participated in this randomized controlled study and were randomized into either the CM group or the CM+CPE group. All treatment methods were applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The outcome measure was headache intensity and frequency, the number of analgesics, muscle stiffness and vertebral artery (VA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow. Headache intensity was measured by a visual analogue scale, muscle stiffness by a myotonometer and blood flow by Doppler US. Evaluations were repeated after 6 weeks of treatment. Within-group comparisons were made by the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and between-group comparisons were made by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: After treatments in the two groups, headache intensity and frequency and the number of analgesics decreased, the muscle stiffness of the suboccipital, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles decreased, and the blood flow of the ICA and VA increased (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of headache intensity (p = 0.025) and muscle stiffness in SKM (p = 0.044) in favor of the CM+CPE group. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological treatment approaches have an important role in CHA related to the upper cervical region. This study suggests that it would be beneficial to add CM in combination with CPE to the non-pharmacological treatment of patients with CHA.

Effects of pilates exercises on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Pilates exercises have been used by the older adults and have shown potential to improve some components of physical fitness. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of Pilates on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults. METHODS: The searches were performed in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and PEDro until September 2022, without filters that limited the date of publications or language. The studies included were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs); interventions that used Pilates; interventions with outcomes involving strength, endurance and/or muscle power; participants over 60 years old. RESULTS: 24 RCTs (1190 participants) were selected. There is low quality evidence that Pilates did not significantly improve muscle strength compared to the control group (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.18 [95%CI -0.71, 3.08] I2 = 93%), and moderate quality compared to other exercises (SMD = 0.01 [CI95% -0.46, 0.48] I2 = 0%). Very low quality evidence shows that Pilates can improve muscular endurance of upper limbs compared to control group (Mean Difference (MD) = 4.87 [95%CI 2.38, 7.36] I2 = 88%) and lower limbs compared to other exercises (MD = 2.68 [CI95% 0.26, 5.10] I2 = 87%). It was not possible to perform muscle power analysis due to the reduced number of studies. CONCLUSION: Currently, it is not feasible to recommend Pilates exercises as a means to improve strength, endurance and muscle power in the older adults. More RCTs covering this topic are needed given the low quality of evidence available at this time.

Effect of 60-Min Single Bout of Resistance Exercise, Reformer Pilates, on Vascular Function Parameters in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

INTRODUCTION: Aging leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction and muscle impairment. While resistance exercise improves muscular function, its acute effects on vascular function vary in the literature, with some studies reporting detrimental effects. These findings indicate the need for exercises that optimize muscle function without compromising vascular function. Reformer Pilates (RP) is a low-impact exercise involving an adjustable sliding platform. However, the acute effects of RP on vascular function among older adults remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of RP on vascular function in older adults. METHODS: Overall, 17 participants (age: 65 ± 2.76 years, body mass index: 23.42 ± 3.68 kg/m2) were examined and assigned to control and RP conditions under a randomized crossover design. The RP condition involved a 3.5-5 omnibus perceived exertion scale with 19 exercise postures for 60 min. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline and 0, 10, 30, and 60 min after exercise. RESULTS: RP significantly improved FMD at all time points compared with that at baseline (p < 0.05). baPWV increased at 0 min post-RP but returned to baseline levels at other time points. Additionally, RP showed improved FMD at 0, 10, and 30 min compared with that in the control condition (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in blood pressure or mean arterial pressure in either condition. CONCLUSION: RP enhanced FMD and regulated blood pressure for approximately 60 min post-exercise, suggesting its suitability for older adults to enhance vascular function and control blood pressure during exercise. Nonetheless, longitudinal resistance training intervention studies are needed to validate these findings.

Effect of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain in pre-adolescent girls: Randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain in pre-adolescent girls. METHODS: This randomized prospective quantitative clinical trial compared the effects of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain. The sample consisted of 80 pre-adolescent girls aged 10-13 years and divided into three groups: Eutony, with 26 girls; Holistic Gymnastics, 27 girls; and Pilates, 27 girls. The participants underwent ten 1-h weekly interventions. Hamstring flexibility was evaluated using fingertip-to-floor, sit-and-reach, and hip angle tests; back pain was evaluated using the Body Posture Evaluation Instrument questionnaire and the way they carried their backpack by the Layout for Assessing Dynamic Posture. Descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed at a 5 % significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The three body practices increased hamstring flexibility in all fingertip-to-floor (7.77 cm), hip angle (5.58°), and sit-and-reach evaluations (9.07 cm). Before the intervention, 66.25 % of participants complained of back pain. After the intervention, only 37.50 % continued with the complaint. Moreover, 25 % of pre-adolescent girls started to carry their school backpack correctly. CONCLUSION: Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates increased hamstring flexibility, reduced back pain complaints, and incentivized the girls to carry the school backpack correctly. REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials ReBEC (RBR-25w6kk).

Is connective tissue massage effective in individuals with fibromyalgia?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of Clinical Pilates exercises and connective tissue massage (CTM) in individuals with Fibromyalgia (FM) on pain, disease impact, functional status, anxiety, quality of life and biopsychosocial status. METHODS: 32 women were randomly divided into two groups as intervention gorup (CTM + Clinical Pilates exercises, n = 15, mean age = 48.80 ± 7.48) and control gorup (Clinical Pilates exercises, n = 17, mean age = 55.64 ± 7.87). The number of painful regions were assessed with Pain Location Inventory (PLI), disease impact with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnare (FIQ), functional status with Health Assessment Questionnare (HAQ), anxiety with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), quality of life with Short Form-36 (SF-36) and biopsychosocial status with Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) were evaluated. All evaluations were made before and after treatment. Both treatments were applied 3 times a week for 6 weeks. RESULTS: When the pre-treatment and post-treatment results are analyzed; significant difference was observed in PLI (p = 0.007; effect size 1.273), FIQ (p = 0.004; effect size 0.987), SF-36 physical component (p = 0.025; effect size -0.496) and mental component (p = 0.017; effect size -0.761) in the intervention group while the significant difference was observed in FIQ (p = 0.001; effect size 1.096) and BAI (p = 0.043; effect size 0.392), SF-36 physical component (p = 0.008; effect size -0.507) and mental component (p = 0.024; effect size -0.507) in the control group. When the delta values of the groups are compared, the difference was determined only in the PLI (p = 0.023) in favor of the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: CTM can be effective in reducing the number of painful areas in addition to the positive effects of clinical Pilates exercises in women with FM.

Acute effect of static stretching and pilates stretching on the concentric muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors.

INTRODUCTION: The effects of stretching exercises on muscle strength have been widely researched in the literature, however, there are no studies investigating the effects of Pilates stretching. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of static stretching and Pilates stretching on the concentric muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors. METHOD: 102 trained young adults were randomized into three groups: static stretching (n = 33); Pilates stretching (n = 34); control (n = 35). Isokinetic evaluation of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was performed at 60°/s and 180°/s, pre and post acute intervention with stretching. Interventions in the static stretching and Pilates stretching groups occurred in 3 sets x 30 s for each body region considered (a-knee extensor muscles; b-knee flexor muscles). The control group did not perform any intervention. RESULTS: No difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the groups after the intervention. There was only a significant intragroup improvement for the control group on the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee flexors at 180°/s, with a moderate effect size, considering the entire sample (p = 0.040; d = 0.42) and when considering only male gender (p = 0.010; d = 0.60). CONCLUSION: Static stretching or Pilates stretching performed as a warm-up did not impair or enhance the concentric muscle strength performance of the knee extensors and flexors. In this way, both forms of stretching can be considered as preparatory exercises before muscle strength training.

Experiences and perceived benefits of remotely delivered dance/movement therapy for adult cancer patients: a multi-method program evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Dance/movement therapy (DMT) is increasingly used as a complementary treatment to address psychological and physical wellbeing. However, it is unknown how it can be leveraged in adult cancer care. This mixed methods program evaluation aimed to assess patient-reported benefits and satisfaction with the virtual DMT in an academic oncology setting. METHODS: We developed, implemented, and evaluated a 6-week virtual, synchronous DMT program aiming to improve physical health, address mental distress, and foster social connection for cancer patients. We used deidentified program evaluation data to assess impact of DMT on patient-reported outcomes and patients' satisfaction with the DMT program. Pre- and post-session data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. Qualitative data were captured through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Results from 39 participants (mean age 64.7 ± 9.8), majority female (89.7%) with a history of breast cancer (43.6%), showed high satisfaction (100%) and unanimous program recommendation (100%). Significant improvements were noted in anxiety (- 0.42 ± 0.76, p = .009), distress (- 0.35 ± 0.80, p = .036), and sense of joy (0.73 ± 1.18, p = .004), with a non-significant trend in increased physical activity (0.38 ± 0.98, p = .057). Thematic findings indicated that DMT participation (1) facilitated engagement in physical activity for improved physical health, (2) fostered creative expression, (3) improved mental state, and (4) helped build social connections and support. CONCLUSION: Our DMT program shows promise as a component of integrative cancer care. The mixed-method evaluation provides insightful information to generate hypotheses for future RCT studies aiming to evaluate the specific effects of DMT on patient experience and outcomes.

Effects of pilates exercises on radiographic lumbo-pelvic alignment and range of motion in non-specific low back pain patients.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of Pilates exercises on lumbo-pelvic alignment in non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) patients. METHODS: Twenty-two patients (Male:7; Female:15) with NSLBP aged 20-65 years were recruited and classified based on a modified O'Sullivan's classification system into flexion pattern (FP) or active extension pattern (EP) groups. Oswestry Disability index (ODI), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) as well as radiographic lumbar global range of motion (ROM) and lumbo-pelvic alignment were measured Pre- and immediately post-intervention and at 6- and 12-month. The intervention included supervised six-weeks Pilates program with 60 min per session and up to two sessions per week. RESULTS: Lumbar lordosis, sacral slope and sacral inclination were found to be significantly different between the FP and EP groups based on the O'Sullivan's classification system. However, despite the significant changes in RMDQ (p = 0.001), no significant changes were found for any of the alignment parameters (p > 0.05) post intervention for both groups. For lumbar global ROM, a statistically significant change was observed for the EP group (p = 0.028) but not for the FP group (p = 0.249). No significant correlations were identified between any of the self-reported outcomes, radiographic alignment and ROM parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Patients self-perceived long-term functional improvements based on responding to questionnaires after Pilates exercises were not reflected in significant changes in lumbo-pelvic alignment or lumbar ROM. This may be due to the current cohort demonstrating within normal ranges due to the lesser severity of their condition, but further research is needed for clarification.

"I needed something to hook me." A narrative study on adherence to Pilates.

INTRODUCTION: Exercise adherence is necessary for achieving long-term benefits. Along with other elements, stories and narratives can play a role in understanding and promoting adherence. The aim of the present study was to explore how stories and narratives may affect adherence to Pilates. METHOD: 8 Pilates practitioners who had been participating in a Pilates program for 6 or more years were interviewed. Data obtained were analysed using thematic narrative analysis, (focusing on the whats of stories) and holistic narrative analysis (examining how narratives acted on adherence). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results highlight pain, Pilates as a health-related method, and the social relations as characters, plots and scenarios of stories enhancing long-term participation in Pilates. Exercise is medicine and eudaimonic well-being are presented as narratives articulating the coherence to practitioners' adherence. They act for participants subjectivizing their Pilates practice into a serious commitment to health. CONCLUSION: Stories and narratives are relevant to give meaning and sense to the adherence to Pilates. A focus on stories can be added as a strategy to promote adherence to Pilates.

Effects of tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking on the mental health status of urban older people living alone: the mediating role of social participation and the moderating role of the exercise environment.

With the global trend of aging, lacking of interpersonal communication and spiritual support and companionship have had a great impact on the mental health of older people living alone. This study examines the multifaceted impacts of engaging in tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking on the mental wellbeing of older people residing alone in urban areas. Additionally, this research aims to explore the association between tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking, and the mental health status of urban older people living alone, by considering the mediating influence of social participation and the moderating influence of the exercise environment. To do so, 1,027 older people living alone in six Chinese cities were investigated using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Geriatric Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Social Participation Indicator System Scale, and the Exercise Environment Scale. SPSS 25.0 was utilized for conducting mathematical statistical analysis, specifically for doing linear regression analysis. Additionally, AMOS was employed to develop the study model. We found that a significant negative correlation between tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking and mental health status; among these, tai chi had the greatest impact on the mental health status of urban older people living alone. Social participation mediated the relationship between tai chi, ba duan jin, walking, and mental health status, and the exercise environment had a moderating effect on this relationship. The findings of this study indicate that tai chi, ba duan jin, and walking have a positive impact on the mental health of urban older people living alone, which can be influenced by the mediating efficacy of social participation and the moderating effect of the exercise environment.

The effect of Pilates exercise during pregnancy on delivery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the Pilates exercise program during pregnancy on different delivery outcomes. Various databases were searched from inception until November 2022. The included studies compared Pilates exercise to routine antenatal care in pregnant women. The primary outcomes assessed were vaginal and cesarean delivery rates, as well as labor duration. Secondary outcomes included episiotomy incidence, Apgar scores, and epidural analgesia. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 1,003 patients. Results indicated a significant increase in the vaginal delivery rate among the Pilates exercise group compared to the control group (p < .001). Moreover, the Pilates exercise group exhibited significantly reduced rates of cesarean delivery and shorter labor duration. Pilates exercise was associated with a significant decline in the incidence of episiotomy and the number of women requiring epidural analgesia during delivery (p < .001 & p = .008). In addition, Apgar scores at one and five minutes were significantly higher in the Pilates exercise group compared to the control group (p < .001). In conclusion, Pilates exercise during pregnancy has a positive effect on maternal outcomes and Apgar scores. However, more trials are needed to confirm these findings.