RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Taenia multiceps coenurosis is endemic in sheep from various regions worldwide. Dogs, the key hosts, shed T. multiceps eggs in their feces contaminating the pasture, and lambs are mostly infected during their first turnout into pastures. The disease is manifested in two forms: acute (due to the migrating oncospheres in the CNS) or chronic (due to the developing coenuri in the brain or spinal cord). Both forms are frequently accompanied by neurological symptoms. METHODS: Field trials conducted in an endemic region (Sardinia, Italy) to treat replacement lambs in six sheep flocks infected with acute coenurosis are summarized in this article. The article also reviews earlier reports on various approaches developed to treat and immunize sheep against coenurosis. RESULTS: Accurate detection of the time in which lambs become infected is crucial in deciding which treatment approach should be used. Acute disease can be successfully treated via chemotherapy. Results of field trials conducted in Sardinia revealed the efficacy of three (1-week apart) oxfendazole doses (14.15 mg/kg) in protecting apparently healthy lambs in the infected flocks from developing neurological symptoms. A single praziquantel dose (18.75 mg/kg) worked well for the same purpose and was also found significant in treating 5 of 16 clinically ill lambs in one flock. Earlier reports documented high rates of recovery (up to 100%) in clinically diseased lambs that received much higher doses (50-100 mg/kg) of praziquantel. However, chemotherapy is not preferred in chronic coenurosis since it can lead to rupture of the coenuri, giving rise to serious inflammation in the CNS. Surgical intervention is highly recommended in this case, and the pooled success rates for surgery in chronic-infected cases was estimated at 82.1% (95% CI 73.1-91.0%). However, various trials have been conducted to immunize sheep against T. multiceps coenurosis, and the 18k (Tm18) family of oncosphere antigens was found promising as a vaccine candidate. CONCLUSIONS: In acute coenurosis, selection of the proper anthelmintic should be done after consulting the owner for several reasons: (1) costs of the used anthelmintic: treating a small flock of 100 sheep costs around 1170 and 660 for praziquantel and oxfendazole, respectively; (2) withdrawal time of the used anthelmintic: No time is required before consuming meat and milk from praziquantel-treated sheep, whereas meat and milk from oxfendazole-treated sheep should not be consumed for 44 and 9 days, respectively, causing additional costs for the farmers. Since no commercial vaccines have yet been developed against T. multiceps coenurosis in sheep, preventive measures remain the cornerstone of controlling this serious disease.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Taenia , Animales , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Ovinos , Italia/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Antihelmínticos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Endémicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Endémicas/prevención & control , Teniasis/veterinaria , Teniasis/prevención & control , Teniasis/epidemiología , Teniasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Teniasis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Taeniasis and cysticercosis are parasitic infections caused by Taenia spp., mainly transmitted through the consumption of undercooked pork. Prevention requires increasing knowledge and awareness, improving meat inspection and hygiene, and promoting safe food handling and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice (KP) of residents in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, and its 11 subdistrict municipalities. Study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling design. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70) was used to collect socio-demographic information and assess knowledge and practices related to taeniasis and cysticercosis. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Of the 360 survey respondents, 65.0% (n = 234) were women, 82.2% (n = 296) were aged under 60 years, 99.2% (n = 357) identified as Buddhist, 87.5% (n = 315) had less than a bachelor's degree education level, 54.2% (n = 195) had monthly family income ≥10,000 Thai baht, 10.6% (n = 38) were unemployed, and 26.1% (n = 93) lived in a town municipality. The survey revealed that 98.3% (n = 354) of participants were categorized as having less accurate knowledge and 83.6% (n = 301) were classified as more frequently engaging in correct prevention practices. Our study revealed that pig farmers (1.7%) occasionally permitted the pigs to forage freely. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge scores were positively associated with household income ≥10,000 Thai baht (ßadj = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 2.36). Practice scores were negatively associated with age over 60 years (ßadj = -1.77, 95% CI -3.14 to -0.40) and living in a subdistrict municipality (ßadj = -2.58, 95% CI -3.77 to -1.39). There was no association between KP regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis in the population of Pak Chong. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, participants' knowledge was lacking. Public education interventions are recommended to improve knowledge among residents with low socioeconomic status. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and educational programs in Pak Chong District, especially among elderly people in subdistrict municipalities, to improve practices for the prevention and control of these parasitic infections.
Asunto(s)
Cisticercosis , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Teniasis , Humanos , Tailandia/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Teniasis/prevención & control , Teniasis/epidemiología , Cisticercosis/epidemiología , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Cisticercosis/parasitología , Animales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Adolescente , PorcinosRESUMEN
La neurocisticercosis es la infección del sistema nervioso por la larva (cisticerco) de la tenia del cerdo (Taenia solium). La neurocisticercosis es la mayor causa de epilepsia adquirida a nivel mundial y por ende un problema de salud pública global. De otro lado, la teniasis/cisticercosis por T. solium es una de las pocas infecciones consideradas potencialmente erradicables. Recientemente, un programa de eliminación de transmisión a gran escala en Tumbes, Perú, demostró la factibilidad de interrumpir la transmisión. Sobre la base de estos avances, se proponen una serie de lineamientos iniciales para poner las bases de programas de control regionales y nacionales de la teniasis/cisticercosis, partiendo de intervenciones simples y factibles a nivel local.
Neurocysticercosis is a nervous system infection caused by the larvae (cysticercus) of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium). Neurocysticercosis is the primary cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide and, therefore, a global public health problem. On the other hand, T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is one of very few infectious diseases considered to be potentially eradicable. Recently, a large-scale elimination program in Tumbes, Peru, demonstrated the feasibility of interrupting transmission. Based on these advances, a series of initial guidelines are proposed aimed at setting out the foundations for regional and national taeniasis/cysticercosis control programs, with simple and feasible local interventions as a starting point.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Teniasis/prevención & control , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Perú/epidemiología , Teniasis/epidemiología , Cisticercosis/epidemiología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.
A Taenia solium é uma importante zoonose com grande importância em países em desenvolvimento, devido a ocorrência de teníase e cisticercose em humanos. Os suínos possuem grande importância no ciclo biológico desse parasita como hospedeiros intermediários. A literatura científica descreve alguns fatores de risco associados com a ocorrência da enfermidade e que devem ser evitados em países com baixo saneamento básico a fim de reduzir a exposição dos suínos aos ovos do parasita. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de anticorpos séricos contra Taenia solium em suínos de criações não tecnificadas na região do Município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A prevalência estabelecida foi de 6,82% (IC 95% 4,18 - 9,45) a nível animal e 28,87% (IC 16,74 - 40,40) nos rebanhos. Isso está provavelmente associado ao baixo nível de tecnificação adotado durante a criação dos animais na área avaliada, o qual aumenta a exposição dos animais aos fatores de risco associados ao complexo Taenia solium. Os resultados da ocorrência de cisticercose suína baseados em evidências sorológicas na região avaliada servem como um alerta as autoridades sanitárias para promover a saúde pública e controlar a Taenia solium.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Porcinos/parasitología , Taenia solium/parasitología , Teniasis/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/transmisión , Parásitos , Salud Pública , Factores de Riesgo , Inspección Sanitaria , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de un programa de control de la teniasis-cisticercosis por Taenia solium con fines de erradicación, basado en educación de la comunidad y vacunación de cerdos. Material y métodos. Se estimó la prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina por medio de la palpación de lengua, ultrasonido y presencia de anticuerpos en suero, antes de iniciar el programa y tres años después, en tres regiones del estado de Guerrero. Resultados. Se observó una reducción significativa en la prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina de 7 a 0.5% y de 3.6 a 0.3%, estimadas por examen de lengua y ultrasonido, respectivamente (p<0.01), y una disminución no significativa de la seroprevalencia de 17.7 a 13.3%. Conclusiones. La reducción de la prevalencia de teniasis-cisticercosis comprueba la efectividad del programa para prevenir la infección. La presencia sostenida de anticuerpos es compatible con continuos contactos con Taenia solium u otros helmintos relacionados, y señala la necesidad de mantener las intervenciones para lograr su erradicación.
Objetive. The impact of a control program is evaluated to eventually eradicate taeniasis-cysticercosis (Taenia solium) based on education and vaccination of pigs. Materials and methods. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was estimated using tongue inspection, ultrasound and determination of antibodies, before and three years after the application in three regions of the state of Guerrero. Results. A significant reduction in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis of 7 to 0.5% and 3.6 to 0.3% estimated by tongue examination or ultrasound respectively (p<0.01) and a no significant decrease in seroprevalence from 17.7 to 13.3% were observed. Conclusions. The reduction of the prevalence of taeniasis-cysticercosis establishes the program's effectiveness in preventing infection. The sustained presence of antibodies, compatible with contact of Taenia solium or other related helminths, underlines the importance of maintaining interventions to achieve eradication.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Educación en Salud , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Teniasis/prevención & control , Teniasis/veterinaria , Vacunas , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Cisticercosis/veterinaria , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , PorcinosRESUMEN
A cisticercose bovina é um problema de saúde pública e animal amplamente difundido no Brasil, que repercute negativamente na produção de carne em diversos estados do país. Trata-se de uma das afecções mais ocorrentes nos abates sob inspeção sanitária tornando-se motivo de preocupação para frigoríficos e produtores, devido os prejuízos que acarreta. Pouco se conhece sobre a distribuição e a evolução do número de casos de cisticercose bovina no estado do Paraná. Diante do exposto este trabalho teve o objetivo realizar um levantamento retrospectivo sobre a ocorrência da cisticercose bovina, diagnosticada através do exame post-mortem pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal do Estado do Paraná entre os anos de 2004 a 2008, além de determinar a distribuição dos casos no Estado, identificar as regiões com maiores chances de apresentarem casos da doença e analisar a perda econômica do Estado por conta das condenações por esta parasitose. Foi constatada prevalência de 2,23% cisticercose bovina no estado do Paraná. Durante o período analisado ocorreu uma redução estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) da prevalência de cisticercose bovina no estado. Nos anos de 2004-2008 foram condenadas 29.708.550 kg de carne bovina por cisticercose, acarretando prejuízos de ordem econômica. O estado do Paraná está conseguindo através da implantação do programa de controle do complexo teníase-cisticercose, uma evolução positiva já que conseguiu durante o período analisado diminuir a prevalência desta parasitose nos bovinos e consequentemente diminuir as perdas econômicas.
Bovine cysticercosis is a problem of public and animal health highly spread in Brazil, which has negative repercussions in meat production in several states. This is one of the most common diseases occurring in the slaughterhouses under sanitary inspection, becoming a concern for cold stores and producers, because of the losses that it entails. Little is known about the distribution and evolution of the number of cases of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Paraná. Given the above, this work aimed to perform a retrospective survey on the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis, diagnosed by post-mortem examination by the Federal Inspection Service of the State of Paraná from 2004 to 2008; determine the distribution of cases in the state; identify the areas that most likely present cases of the disease, and analyze the economic loss of the state due to the condemnations for this parasitosis. It has been found a 2.23% prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Paraná. During the period analyzed, there was a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state. In the years 2004-2008, 29,708,550 kg of beef were condemned for cysticercosis, leading to economic losses. The state of Paraná is getting, through the deployment of the control program for the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex, a positive development since it got, during the analysis period, to reduce the prevalence of this parasite in cattle and, thus, reduce the economic losses.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Cisticercosis/epidemiología , Cisticercosis/veterinaria , Teniasis/prevención & control , Epidemiología/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Objetivo Determinar los conocimientos y prácticas sobre teniasis-cisticercosis y la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra Taenia solium en habitantes de la localidad de Andagoya, Colombia. Métodos Se realizó un estudio cualitativo-cuantitativo. Las poblaciones de estudio fueron los criadores de cerdos y sus familias, población local y cerdos. Resultados La población tiene un conocimiento parcial del complejo teniasis-cisticercosis. Identifica la cisticercosis como una enfermedad sólo del cerdo y no del humano, considera la teniasis como una enfermedad de transmisión fecal y no ocasionada por el consumo de carne de cerdo con cisticercosis. La crianza de cerdos no se hace en confinamiento y aunque se conocen los hábitos higiénicos para el control de enfermedades parasitarias su cumplimiento no es adecuado. La presencia de anticuerpos contra T. solium en los criadores de cerdos y sus familiares fue del 8,7 por ciento y en los cerdos del 20,9 por ciento. Conclusión Se debe desarrollar un programa educativo sobre teniasis-cisticercosis que permita sensibilizar a la población para el conocimiento y la aplicación de medidas de control.
Objective Describing knowledge and practices regarding taeniasis-cysticercosis and cysticercosis prevalence in the village of Andagoya, Colombia. Methods The study design was qualitative and quantitative. The study population consisted of pig breeders and their families, local groups and pigs. Results Study participants had partial knowledge of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex. They considered taeniasis to be an illness resulting from faecal transmission and not caused by becoming infected with cysticercosis after consuming pork. Pig breeding is not carried out in confined conditions and, although breeders know the right measures for controlling some parasitic illnesses, these practices are not observed. There was 8.7 percent presence of T. solium antibodies in pig breeders and their relatives and 20.9 percent in the pigs. Conclusions An educational programme aimed at raising the population's awareness of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex cycle should be developed; this will facilitate control measures being applied.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Exposición Profesional , Teniasis , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/sangre , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/sangre , Colombia , Cisticercosis/sangre , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Porcinos , Taenia/inmunología , Teniasis/sangre , Teniasis/prevención & control , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento da neurocisticercose (NCC) entre estudantes de medicina, médico-residentes e médicos. Métodos: no primeiro semestre de 2001, foram avaliados 384 estudantes de Medicina por meio de questões: "O que é neurocisticercose?" e "Como prevenir-se da doença?". No segundo semestre, as mesmas questões foram aplicadas a 37 médicos-residentes e 51 médicos com mais de quatro anos de formação. Resultados: a maioria dos alunos (95,8 por cento) soube definir NCC, mas apenas 45 por cento deram resposta acertada quanto à forma de se previnir. Entre os médicos-residentes o índice de acerto foi, respectivamente, de 97 por cento e 43 por cento; entre os médicos, 88 por cento e 41 por cento. Conclusão: é alto o índice de erro tanto entre os estudantes (55 pro cento), como entre médicos-residentes (57 por cento) na resposta à forma correta de se previnir contra o NCC. Isto sugere, a inadequação da forma como o tema é abordado na universidade.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cuerpo Médico de Hospitales , Neurocisticercosis , Médicos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Teniasis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
No presente artigo, os autores fazem uma revisäo dos aspectos epidemiológicos da teníase e cisticercose. A cisticercose é produzida pelo desenvolvimento da forma larval da Taenia, o Cysticercus, nos tecidos, sendo transmitida pela ingestäo de ovos de Taenia. A cisticercose humana e animal säo consideradas um grande problema sócio-econônico em muitos países. É considerada uma zoonose endêmica, estando distribuída nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente nas áreas rurais. A invasäo da larva no sistema nervoso central em humanos constitui uma séria complicaçäo. A cisticercose é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública dos países em desenvolvimento e a neurocisticercose é considerada a doença parasitária mais comum do sistema nervoso humano. A conservaçäo da carne em temperatura inferior a -15§ durante seis dias, sua cocçäo adequada, além da inspeçäo sanitária das carnes e o diagnóstico e tratamento da teníase humana em áreas endêmicas constituem as principais medidas de controle.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , Bovinos , Cisticercosis/epidemiología , Cisticercosis/veterinaria , Cysticercus/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Neurocisticercosis/epidemiología , Taenia/parasitología , Teniasis/epidemiología , Teniasis/prevención & control , PorcinosRESUMEN
En México la cisticercosis humana continúa siendo uno de los problemas más serios de salud pública. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera a México como un país de alta endemicidad, con 1.9 por ciento de defunciones por cisticercosis cerebral. Debido a los diferentes órganos del hombre que llega a parasitar es difícil hacer el diangóstico, razón por la que se ha tratado de establecer por métodos de laboratorio un diagnóstico, razón por la que se ha tratado de establecer por métodos de laboratorio un diagnóstico adecuado y oportuno. A partir de los trabajos de Nieto en 1956, las pruebas de inmunodiagnóstico de la cisticercosis se han desarrollado considerablemente. El objetivo de este estudio, consistió en detectar la reactividad serológica contra cuatro antígenos del metacéstodo de T. solium en una población abierta mediante hemaglutinación indirecta. Se estudiaron 122 sueros de estudiantes de 16 a 24 años de edad en Santiago Tulantepec, estado de Hidalgo. Los metacéstodos de T. solium se aislaron de cerdos parasitados. Los antígenos utilizados fueron: somático completo (ASC), somático incompleto (ASI), fluido vesicular (AFV) y excreciones y secreciones(AES). Seis de los 122 sueros estudiados (4.9 por ciento) resultaron positivos con títulos de dilución de 1:32, cuatro sueros presentaron seropositividad a los antígenos AFV y ASC, uno resulto positivo a ASC, y otro a ASC, AFV y AES. Se copncluye que el grupo de edad estudiado presenta un alto porcenjate de individuos seropositivos comparado con estudios previos, hecho que habla de la necesidad de intensificar programas de prevención en este tipo de poblaciones
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Cisticercosis/patología , Salud Pública , Estudiantes , Teniasis/prevención & control , Pruebas Inmunológicas/instrumentación , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Pruebas Serológicas/métodosRESUMEN
The author studied the conduct of his techniqueof diapragmatic pillars examination applied systematically for cattle "post morten"inspection detectingg cysticerci. 85.674 animals wereexamined; 4.366(5,10 per cent ) were infected; 4.222 (96,7 per cent )being monocystercosis and 144 (3,30 per cent ) pluricistercosis. The proposed technique increased the efficiency of the "post mortem" examination for the Cysticercus bovis detection by 4,62 per cent (monocystercosis animals), indicating that de diaphragmatic pillars executed at killing floor easily should be mandatory
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Bovinos , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Mataderos/instrumentación , Mataderos , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Higiene Alimentaria , Vigilancia Sanitaria , Teniasis/epidemiología , Teniasis/parasitología , Teniasis/prevención & control , Teniasis/transmisiónAsunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Helmintiasis/diagnóstico , Helmintiasis/fisiopatología , Helmintiasis/prevención & control , Helmintiasis/transmisión , Amebiasis/diagnóstico , Amebiasis/fisiopatología , Ascaridiasis/diagnóstico , Ascaridiasis/fisiopatología , Ascaridiasis/prevención & control , Ascaridiasis/transmisión , Giardiasis/diagnóstico , Giardiasis/fisiopatología , Giardiasis/prevención & control , Giardiasis/transmisión , Himenolepiasis/diagnóstico , Himenolepiasis/fisiopatología , Himenolepiasis/prevención & control , Himenolepiasis/transmisión , Oxiuriasis/diagnóstico , Oxiuriasis/fisiopatología , Oxiuriasis/prevención & control , Oxiuriasis/transmisión , Teniasis/diagnóstico , Teniasis/fisiopatología , Teniasis/prevención & control , Teniasis/transmisiónRESUMEN
O autor estuda os principais tópicos desta enfermedade parasitária e destaca sua moderna terapêutica com praziquantel
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Praziquantel/uso terapéutico , Teniasis/terapia , Mebendazol/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Taenia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Teniasis/parasitología , Teniasis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
En México, las diarreas son muy prevalentes, causan morbimortalidad elevada en lactantes y niños de corta edad. Estas se transmiten principalmente por contaminación de alimentos, agua y heces humanas. La terapéutica de rehidratación bucal (TRB) representa un gran adelanto en materia de salud pública, debido a su eficacia para salvar vidas. Sin embargo, el éxito del tratamiento y prevención se basan en una educación sanitaria adecuada, mejoría en la atención materno-infantil, extensión del abasto de agua potable con saneamiento y vigilancia epidemiológicas, todo lo cual permitirá la pronta detección y tratamiento de epidemias.