[Teniarynchosis (taeniasis) in emergency surgery]. / Sluchai teniarinkhoza (tenioza) v ekstrennoi khirurgii.

Teniarynchosis (taeniasis) is a helminthiasis with chronic course, predominant lesion of the upper gastrointestinal tract and active release of segments. The causative agent of taeniasis is Taenia saginata. This disease is widespread, although endemic countries are Africa, Australia, South America and Asia. Cases of teniarynchosis are rare in surgical practice. We present a patient who admitted with blunt abdominal injury and isolated wound of small. After laparotomy, we found alive bovine tapeworm that entered into abdominal cavity through the wound in small intestine. The parasite was removed with subsequent intestinal wall repair. The patient was discharged. Thus, teniarynchosis can cause urgent surgical diseases or their complications, especially in endemic areas.

Abdominal impacts of handlebar injuries in the PIPER child model: a prevention study.

Aim: Analysis of data from bicycle accidents reveals that handlebar impacts are a significant cause of injury, particularly among children. Despite existing safety regulations, such as helmet requirements, little attention is given to abdominal injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of handlebar ends on abdominal loading during bicycle crashes. Methods: This study delves into the impact of five different handlebar designs on abdominal injuries during bicycle crashes, using finite element simulations with detailed Human Body Models (HBMs) of a six-year-old child (PIPER child model, Version 0.99.0). Four impact locations were identified in the injury scenario, selected according to the anatomical location of the most commonly injured organs, liver, pancreas, spleen and abdomen. Results: Grip design features, such as shape and rigidity, significantly influence injury outcomes. Grips designed specifically for children demonstrate superior performance in reducing abdominal loading and injury metrics compared to standard grips. The highest injury potential was seen in a damaged handlebar end. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of improved handlebar designs and standardized safety measures, especially for children. Implementation of such measures could mitigate the significant health and economic burden associated with handlebar-related injuries and enhance overall bicycle safety for children.

Evaluation of stabbing assault injuries in a tertiary emergency department: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 458,000 victims were deceased from intentional violence in 2021. A stabbing assault causes 25% of homicides. The study aims to evaluate injury patterns, trauma scores, radiological findings, types of treatment, and outcomes of stab assault patients admitted to a tertiary emergency department (ED). METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of stabbing injury patients in the ED of Hacettepe University, Turkey. The sites and patterns of injury, radiological findings, treatment methods, consultations, and complications are acquired from the patient's files. Trauma scores and frequency of outcomes, such as the need for surgery, hospitalization, or mortality, were calculated for all patients. RESULTS: Among the 648 patients, 564 (87%) were male. The median age was 28 (interquartile range [IQR]:13). The commonly injured body parts were the extremities (75%), thorax (21.9%), and abdomen (16.9%). The median RTS was 7,84 (IQR:0), and the median ISS was 2 (IQR:3). The fluid was detected in 13 of 88 patients by FAST, solid organ injuries in 21 patients, and gastric and intestinal injuries in 11 patients by abdominal CT. One hundred sixty-one patients underwent moderate and major surgery. Complications developed in 13 patients. 74,4% of the patients (n = 482) were treated in ED and 21.8% (n = 141) of patients were hospitalized in wards, 2.3% (n = 15) in intensive care unit and 1.5% (n = 10) patients died. GCS, RTS, and probability of survival (Ps) were significantly lower, and ISS was significantly higher in deceased patients and patients who needed erythrocyte replacement. CONCLUSION: The majority of stab wounds were detected in extremities, but severe and lethal stabbing injuries were on the thorax and abdomen. In thoracoabdominal stabbing injuries, x-rays and FAST can be ineffective in detecting critical and fatal injuries. Therefore, thoracic and abdominal CT should be planned early to detect possible causes of death and make a timely and accurate diagnosis. Lower GCS, RTS, and Ps or higher ISS scores were related to the need for erythrocyte replacement.

Gaining consensus on a protocol for general surgery physician assistants in the management of non-compressible abdominal haemorrhage in military austere environments: a Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Non-compressible abdominal haemorrhage (NCAH) is a potentially preventable cause of death due to injury. Limited exploratory laparotomy by a non-surgeon is a temporary intervention to sustain life until definitive surgical intervention by trauma surgeons can be obtained. This study aims to establish consensus on a protocol for general surgery physician assistants performing limited exploratory laparotomy to manage NCAH in an austere environment. METHOD: This study included anonymised trauma surgeons and general surgery physician assistants from military and civilian backgrounds. Participants were recruited from various professional surgical organisations, including direct interaction with trauma surgeons and surgical physician assistants. Participants used a modified Delphi survey with a 9-point Likert scale in two rounds. The two surveys were categorised into three parts: protocol for NCAH (part A), the potential role of general surgery physician assistants (part B) and measures of success (part C). A total of 24 statements were voted on and assessed. Votes were divided into three zones: agreement (median 7-9), uncertain (median 4-6) and disagreement (median 1-3). To reach a consensus, 70% agreement was required within a zone. If more than 30% of the votes fell outside of a specific zone, consensus was not achieved. After consensus, the original protocol was revised in an online meeting with experts. RESULTS: The initial analysis involved 29 participants. After 2 survey rounds, 19 out of 24 statements reached a consensus. Part A: 10 statements gained consensus, including in austere environments, controlling NCAH can be challenging. A qualified general surgery physician assistant should intervene. A focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination can be used for screening. Bleeding can be managed with packing and pressure. After managing the haemorrhage, the abdominal wall should be left open with a temporary closure technique. Part B: nine statements gained consensus, including in austere locations, a licensed general surgery physician assistant with a minimum of 3 years of experience working under the supervision of a trauma/general surgeon can perform interventions for limited exploratory laparotomy for patients with NCAH. Part C: general surgery physician assistants will be required to have the same success rates as any qualified surgeon. CONCLUSION: Gaining consensus and implementing a revised protocol for managing NCAH by general surgery physician assistants is attainable. General surgery physician assistants will need formal training to manage NCAH. With the support of trauma surgeons who provide direct and indirect supervision, general surgery physician assistants can develop a comprehensive understanding of the necessary skills and make sound decisions when treating patients with this condition. This teamwork can also increase surgical capacity and potentially decrease mortality rates for patients with NCAH in austere environments.

Between blunt, sharp and hacking trauma: Observing the characteristics of pickaxe injuries.

Pickaxe injuries have never been thoroughly investigated in forensic science. This case, involving the fatal wounding of a 28-year-old individual by pickaxe blows to the head, abdomen, and hand, highlights the unique injury patterns associated with such an instrument. The injuries observed in the frontal skull exhibited characteristics akin to typical chop wounds, while those on the parietal skull bore similarities to blunt force trauma. The pickaxe penetrated the hands and the abdomen, with the depth of penetration directly correlating to the force applied. Consequently, pickaxe injuries can be considered a hybrid of different injury mechanisms, a fact that should be carefully considered in forensic analysis.

Pediatric Pyloric Transection: An Unusual Injury Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

BACKGROUND The pediatric population, due to its distinct anatomy and physiology, often presents with unique mechanisms of trauma, leading clinicians to encounter diverse and sometimes unexpected injuries. Whether these injuries result from blunt or penetrating trauma, they may involve intra-abdominal organs in pediatric patients. Additionally, there are occasional occurrences where injuries affect rare sites such as the pylorus in an isolated manner within this age group. Clinicians must be prepared to address a wide range of injury patterns to ensure optimal outcomes for pediatric patients experiencing trauma to intra-abdominal structures such as the pylorus. CASE REPORT We report a 19-month-old boy who presented with abdominal pain, crying, and repeated vomiting of gastric contents after a wardrobe fell on his upper torso. His vital signs were stable except that he was tachycardiac. Upon investigation, abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed pneumoperitoneum, free peritoneal fluid, and inflammatory changes in the intestinal wall, suggesting hollow viscus injury. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and complete transection of the pyloric area of the stomach was identified. The pancreatic and biliary ducts were intact. On postoperative day 5, an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast study prior to initiating oral feeding was done and showed normal findings with no contrast leakage. His postoperative course was unremarkable. CONCLUSIONS Isolated pyloric injuries following blunt trauma are rare with no known case reports in pediatric age group. High morbidity and mortality rates can result from traumatic gastrointestinal injuries including the involvement of pylorus. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and prompt management are essential for an improved outcome.

[Therapeutic and diagnostic complex in intestinal failure syndrome in patients with closed abdominal trauma]. / Lechebno-diagnosticheskii kompleks pri sindrome kishechnoi nedostatochnosti u patsientov s zakrytoi travmoi zhivota.

Currently, severe combined abdominal trauma ranks third among all causes of mortality In Russia, second only to cardiovascular and oncologic diseases. In the period from 2019 to 2020 in our country, a slight decrease in traumatism is noted due to a decrease in the number of traffic accidents as the main cause of combined and multiple trauma. The number of abdominal injuries from the total number of injuries In Russian regions ranges from 1.5 to 36.5% and is accompanied by a high level of disability (25-80% in combined trauma and 5-8% in isolated trauma). Despite modern medical advances, lethality in combined trauma of abdominal organs varies from 10.7 to 69.7%, with closed abdominal trauma accounting for up to 6% of fatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Improving treatment outcomes in patients with closed abdominal trauma through comprehensive diagnosis of SCN and optimization of enteral therapy in patients with closed abdominal trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 40 patients (29 (72.5%) men and 11 (27.5%) women), who underwent examination and treatment at the State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of SP. Im. N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of St. Petersburg State Medical Center with the diagnosis: Closed abdominal trauma. The age of the patients varied from 25 to 81 years (Mean age was 49.6±13.1). To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive therapy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the comparison group (n=26) included patients who were treated with complex conservative therapy. Patients of the main group (n=14) conservative therapy was supplemented with the use of ER to restore the functional activity of the intestine under the control of ultrasound and assessment of the degree of intra-abdominal hypertension, as well as with Intestamine to stimulate the intestinal trauma. RESULTS: In the course of the study it was found that, as a result of complex enteral therapy in the patients of the main group, starting from the 7th day of stay in the ORIT, positive dynamics was observed, consisting in a statistically significant decrease in the levels of lactate, ALT, AST, LDH, and CRP. By the 14th day there was also a statistically significant decrease in leukocyte and PCT levels. The lethality in the main group amounted to 7.2%, n=1. At the same time, in patients of the comparison group only by the 7th day there was a decrease in concentration of CRP (p=0.065), by the 10th day - ALT (<0.001) and by the 14th day there was a decrease in leukocytes level (p=0.038). Lethality in this group amounted to 23.1%, n=6. CONCLUSION: Timely initiation of pathogenetic enteral therapy contributes to faster normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters, protection of intestinal barrier function, prevention of complications associated with bacterial translocation and bacterial overgrowth syndrome, increase in immunoresistance of the organism.

Complications and failure rate of splenic artery angioembolization following blunt splenic trauma: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Over recent decades, splenic angioembolization (SAE) as an adjunct to non-operative management (NOM) has emerged as a prominent intervention for patients with blunt splenic injuries (BSI). SAE improves patient outcomes, salvages the spleen, and averts complications associated with splenectomy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the failure rate and complications related to SAE in patients with BSI. METHODS: A systematic literature search (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) focused on studies detailing splenic angioembolization in blunt trauma cases. Articles that fulfilled the predetermined inclusion criteria were included. This review examined the indications, outcomes, failure rate, and complications of SAE. RESULTS: Among 599 identified articles, 33 met the inclusion criteria. These comprised 29 retrospective studies, three prospective studies, and one randomized control trial. The analysis encompassed 25,521 patients admitted with BSI and 3,835 patients who underwent SAE. The overall failure rate of SAE was 5.3 %. Major complications predominantly were rebleeding (4.8 %), infarction (4.6 %), and abscess formation (4 %). Minor complications were fever (18.4 %), pleural effusion (13.1 %), and coil migration (3.9 %). Other complications included splenic atrophy, splenic cyst, hematoma, and access site complications such as splenic/femoral dissection. Overall, post embolization mortality was 0.08 %. CONCLUSION: SAE is a valuable adjunct in managing BSI, with a low failure rate. However, this treatment modality is not without the risk of potentially serious complications.

[Traumatic gallbladder rupture in a 9-year-old child]. / Travmaticheskii razryv zhelchnogo puzyrya pri sochetannoi travme u rebenka 9 let.

We present gallbladder rupture following trauma. A 9-year-old boy admitted in 1.5 hours after injury. Considering clinical and ultrasound data, we diagnosed traumatic damage to the spleen and hemoperitoneum, biliary dyskinesia, cholestasis, sludge. Hemostatic therapy was carried out. After 3 days, signs of peritonitis appeared. Follow-up ultrasound revealed gallbladder enlargement with heterogeneous content, fluid in all parts of abdominal cavity. Intraoperatively, the gallbladder was enveloped in omentum soaked in bile. After mobilization of the gallbladder, we found longitudinal linear tear up to 3 cm clogged with omentum. Cholecystectomy was performed. Thus, we present a patient with combined injury and damage to the spleen. However, gallbladder wall thickening and heterogeneous content were interpreted as concomitant pathology. Delayed manifestation of peritonitis was due to gallbladder enveloped in omentum. The last one soaked in bile partially entered the gallbladder through perforation and prevented bile leakage into abdominal cavity. Timely diagnosis of gallbladder damage presents certain difficulties, especially in case of combined injury. Ultrasound signs of traumatic gallbladder rupture in this case were wall thickening, heterogeneous content and gradual gallbladder enlargement. It is necessary to analyze all organs at the damage site including computed tomography in patients with combined trauma.

[Endovascular technologies in the treatment of patients with blunt abdominal trauma]. / Endovaskulyarnye tekhnologii v lechenii patsientov s zakrytoi travmoi organov bryushnoi polosti.

Trauma is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in working-age population. Abdominal injuries comprise 20-30% of traumas. Uncontrolled bleeding is the main cause of death in 30-40% of patients. Among abdominal organs, spleen is most often damaged due to fragile structure and subcostal localization. In the last two decades, therapeutic management has become preferable in patients with abdominal trauma and stable hemodynamic parameters. In addition to clinical examination, standard laboratory tests and ultrasound, as well as contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen should be included in diagnostic algorithm to identify all traumatic injuries and assess severity of abdominal damage. Development of interventional radiological technologies improved preservation of damaged organs. Endovascular embolization can be performed selectively according to indications (leakage, false aneurysm, arteriovenous anastomosis) and considered for severe damage to the liver and spleen, hemoperitoneum or severe polytrauma. Embolization is essential in complex treatment of traumatic vascular injuries of parenchymal abdominal organs. We reviewed modern principles and methods of intra-arterial embolization for the treatment of patients with traumatic injuries of the liver and spleen.

[The Koblenz algorithm for thoracoabdominal wounds in a military hospital]. / Pervoe primenenie «koblentsskogo algoritma¼ v lechenii patsientov s torakoabdominal'nymi raneniyami v usloviyakh voennogo gospitalya. Klinicheskii sluchai.

Despite available armored personal protection in troops, the incidence of abdominal wounds in modern wars is 6.6-9.0%. Of these, penetrating abdominal injuries comprise 75-80%. Thoracoabdominal injuries occupy a special place with incidence up to 88%. We present the first case of the "Koblenz algorithm" in the treatment of a patient with mine explosion wound, combined injury of the head, limbs, thoracoabdominal trauma, widespread peritonitis, small intestinal obstruction and septic shock in a military hospital. This algorithm was implemented under import substitution considering the peculiarities of abdominal adhesive process in a patient with thoracoabdominal wound. This case demonstrates the advantage of this algorithm for patients with severe combined wounds of the chest and abdomen complicated by diffuse purulent peritonitis. Clinical status of these patients does not allow not only open laparostomy, but also "classical" redo laparotomies.

Development and validation of a model for predicting prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with abdominal trauma.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the risk of prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with abdominal trauma. METHODS: Patients with abdominal trauma were included and were divided into the training cohort and the validation cohort. The model was constructed using predictive factors identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regressions, and was validated by receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Clinical outcomes were compared between model-stratified risk groups. RESULTS: In total,190 patients were included, with 133 in the training cohort and 57 in the validation cohort. Six predictive factors, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow coma scale, total bilirubin, skeletal muscle index, and abdominal fat index, were identified and were included in the model. The model predicting prolonged weaning owned a good discrimination, had an excellent calibration, and exhibited a favorable net benefit within a reasonable range of threshold probabilities. Significant differences were shown in prolonged weaning and clinical outcomes between the high-risk and low-risk groups (P < .05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had greater risk of 28-day mortality (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This study established a model to predict the risk of prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation and clinical outcomes in patients with abdominal trauma. Skeletal muscle index was identified as one of independent risk factors of prolonged weaning. The findings offer valuable insights for respiratory management in patients with abdominal trauma.

Forensic medical evaluation of penetrating abdominal injuries.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to discuss the characteristics, origins, degree of injury, results, reporting, and forensic medical aspects of penetrating abdominal injuries. METHODS: In this study, 28,619 cases who applied to the emergency department of Kutahya Health Sciences University Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 were reviewed. The forensic reports and medical documents of 85 cases with penetrating abdominal injuries were evaluated retrospectively, with the approval of the ethics committee. RESULTS: Among the patients included in the study, 87.1% were male and 12.9% were female. The mean age was found to be 31±13 years. When the origins of the cases were analyzed, 87.1% were found to have developed as a result of intentional injury. The incidents predominantly occurred between 20: 00 and 04: 00 hours. As a result of the examinations performed at the hospital after the incident, alcohol was detected in 36.5% of the cases, while 30.6% of the individuals did not consume alcohol. It was observed that 32.9% of the cases were not tested for alcohol. The most common injuries identified were sharp injuries, accounting for 69.4% of cases, and firearm injuries, comprising 27.1%. Organ damage was noted in 68.2% of the cases, with the small intestine being the most frequently damaged organ. The average number of wounds present was 3.6. Intra-abdominal hemorrhage was detected in 61.2% of the cases, and intra-abdominal artery injuries were found in 8.2%. The mortality rate for penetrating abdominal injuries was 8.2%. CONCLUSION: In forensic traumatology, penetrating abdominal injuries commonly lead to life-threatening conditions and loss of organ function, which represent the most severe category in trauma severity assessment. Penetrating abdominal injuries most often result from violent incidents, as observed in our study and in the literature.

Adrenal gland injury in trauma patients and its impact on clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Adrenal gland injury (AGI) associated with trauma is an uncommon and often overlooked condition. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of AGI in individuals with severe trauma injuries and investigate the outcomes of patients with AGI. METHODS: All patients admitted to a tertiary trauma referral center under the trauma protocol who had a computed tomography (CT) scan between January 2012 and January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who were dead on arrival and patients with incomplete data were excluded. They were classified into two main groups, adult and pediatric, and further subcategorized by the presence or absence of radiologically evident AGI. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, injury severity scores (ISS), presence of concurrent abdominal injury, and 30-day mortality rates were compared. A separate analysis was performed for factors affecting mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 1,253 patients were included: 950 adults and 303 pediatric patients. In the adult group, AGI was detected in 45 (4.7%) patients and was more commonly associated with the following mechanisms of injury: motor vehicle accidents (26.7% vs. 14.3%) and pedestrian accidents (37.8% vs. 15.5%). Injury to the right side was more common (55.6%). Patients with AGI had higher rates of concurrent liver (17.8% vs. 3.9%), spleen (11.1% vs. 3.6%), and kidney injuries (15.6% vs. 1.3%). In the pediatric population, AGI was detected in 30 patients (14.8%), a significantly higher rate compared to the adult group. Similar to the adult group, AGI was more commonly associated with concurrent abdominal injuries and had a right-sided dominance (60%), but the rate of concurrent abdominal injuries was higher in the pediatric group (80% vs. 46%). The 30-day mortality was significantly higher in both adult and pediatric AGI groups compared to patients without AGI (adult: 15.6% vs. 2.9%, pediatric: 10% vs. 1.8%). In patients with AGI, major head and neck injuries and chest injuries were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Adrenal gland injuries due to trauma are not uncommon. They are usually associated with blunt trauma and other concurrent abdominal organ injuries. The major contributors to mortality in patients with AGI were major head and neck injuries and chest injuries.

Non-therapeutic laparotomies in military trauma (2009-2014).

BACKGROUND: Combat casualties are frequently injured in austere settings where modern imaging modalities are unavailable. Exploratory laparotomies are often performed in these settings when there is suspicion for intra-abdominal injury. Prior studies of combat casualties reported non-therapeutic laparotomy (NTL) rates as high as 32%. Given improvements in combat casualty care over time, we evaluated NTLs performed during later years of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: Military personnel with combat-related injuries (6/1/2009-12/31/2014) who underwent exploratory laparotomy based on concern for abdominal injury (i.e. not performed for proximal vascular control or fecal diversion) and were evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (Germany) before being transferred to participating U.S. military hospitals were assessed. An NTL was defined as a negative laparotomy without substantial intra-abdominal injuries requiring repair. Characteristics, indications for laparotomy, operative findings, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS: Among 244 patients who underwent laparotomies, 41 (16.8%) had NTLs and 203 (83.2%) had therapeutic laparotomies (i.e. positive findings). Patients with NTLs had more computed tomography scans concerning for injury (48.8% vs 27.1%; p = 0.006), less penetrating injury mechanisms (43.9% vs 71.9%; p < 0.001), and lower Injury Severity Scores (26 vs 33; p = 0.003) compared to patients with therapeutic laparotomies. Patients with NTLs were also less likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (70.7 vs 89.2% for patients with therapeutic laparotomies; p = 0.007). No patients with NTLs developed abdominal surgical site infections (SSI) compared to 16.7% of patients with therapeutic laparotomies (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in mortality between the groups (p = 0.198). CONCLUSIONS: Our proportion of NTLs was lower than reported from earlier years during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. No infectious complications from NTLs (i.e. abdominal SSIs) were identified. Nevertheless, surgeons should continue to have a low threshold for exploratory laparotomy in military patients in austere settings with concern for intra-abdominal injury.

Who Says You can't go FAST at Night? Use of a Novel Ultrasound-Capable Night Vision Device for Prehospital Medical Personnel to Identify Noncompressible Truncal Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of abdominal hemorrhage via ultrasound has life-saving implications for military and civilian trauma. However, strict adherence to light discipline may prohibit the use of ultrasound devices in the deployed setting. Additionally, current night vision devices remain noncompatible with ultrasound technology. This study sought to assess an innovative night vision device with ultrasound capable picture-in-picture display via a intraabdominal hemorrhage model to identify noncompressible truncal hemorrhage in blackout conditions. METHODS: 8 post mortem fetal porcine specimens were used and divided into 2 groups: intrabdominal hemorrhage (n = 4) vs no hemorrhage (n = 4). Intrabdominal hemorrhage was modeled via direct injection of 200 mL of normal saline into the peritoneal cavity. Under blackout conditions, 5 participants performed a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam on each model using the prototype ultrasound-capable night vision device. RESULTS: Of the 40 FAST exams performed, 95% (N = 38) resulted in the correct identification of intraabdominal hemorrhage. Of the incorrectly identified exams, both were false positives resulting in a 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 91% positive predictive value, and a 100% negative predictive value. All participants noted the novel device was easy to use and provided superior visualization for performing FAST exams under blackout conditions. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound-enabled night vision prototype demonstrated promising results in identifying noncompressible truncal hemorrhage while maintaining strict light discipline in blackout conditions. Further research efforts should be directed at assessing the ability of providers to perform procedures in blackout conditions using the ultrasound-enabled prototype night vision device.

Surgical Repair vs Splenectomy in Patients With Severe Traumatic Spleen Injuries.

Importance: The spleen is often removed in laparotomy after traumatic abdominal injury, with little effort made to preserve the spleen. Objective: To explore the association of surgical management (splenic repair vs splenectomy) with outcomes in patients with traumatic splenic injuries undergoing laparotomy and to determine whether splenic repair is associated with lower mortality compared with splenectomy. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a trauma registry-based cohort study using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database from January 2013 to December 2019. Participants included adult patients with severe splenic injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] grades 3-5) undergoing laparotomy after traumatic injury within 6 hours of admission. Data analysis was performed from April to August 2023. Exposures: Splenic repair vs splenectomy in patients with severe traumatic splenic injury. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Outcomes were compared using different statistical approaches, including 1:1 exact matching with consecutive conditional logistic regression analysis as the primary analysis and multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching, and inverse-probability weighting as sensitivity analyses. Results: A total of 11 247 patients (median [IQR] age, 35 [24-52] years; 8179 men [72.7%]) with a severe traumatic splenic injury undergoing laparotomy were identified. Of these, 10 820 patients (96.2%) underwent splenectomy, and 427 (3.8%) underwent splenic repair. Among patients who underwent an initial splenic salvage procedure, 23 (5.3%) required a splenectomy during the subsequent hospital stay; 400 patients with splenic preservation were matched with 400 patients who underwent splenectomy (matched for age, sex, hypotension, trauma mechanism, AIS spleen grade, and AIS groups [0-2, 3, and 4-5] for head, face, neck, thorax, spine, and lower and upper extremity). Mortality was significantly lower in the splenic repair group vs the splenectomy group (26 patients [6.5%] vs 51 patients [12.8%]). The association of splenic repair with lower mortality was subsequently verified by conditional regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .03). Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching, and inverse-probability weighting confirmed this association. Conclusions and Relevance: In this retrospective cohort study, splenic repair was independently associated with lower mortality compared with splenectomy during laparotomy after traumatic splenic injury. These findings suggest that efforts to preserve the spleen might be indicated in selected cases of severe splenic injuries.

Comparison of adult versus elderly patients with abdominal trauma: A retrospective database analysis.

BACKGROUND: The growing geriatric population has specific medical characteristics that should be taken into account especially in trauma setting. There is little evidence on management of abdominal trauma in the elderly and this article compares the management and outcomes of younger and older patients in order to highlight fields of improvement. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective database analysis from two European university hospitals selecting patients admitted for abdominal injury and extracted the following data: epidemiological data, mechanisms of the trauma, vital signs, blood tests, injuries, applied treatments, trauma scores and outcomes. We compared to different age group (16-64 and 65+ years old) using uni- and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: 1181 patients were included for statistical analysis. The main mechanisms of injury in both group were traffic accidents and in the elderly group, falls were more frequent. Both had similar Abbreviated Injury Score except for the thoracic injuries, which was higher in the elderly group. We reported a death rate of 13% in the elderly group and 7% in the younger group. However, multivariable analysis did not report age as an independent predictor of mortality. The management including surgery, blood transfusion and need for intensive care were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Although elderly patients suffering abdominal trauma have an almost two fold higher mortality, their management is quite similar leading to an important point of improvement in regards to triage and lower threshold for more aggressive management and surveillance. Age itself does not seem to be a reliable predictor of mortality. Introducing a frailty score when taking care of elderly trauma patients could improve the outcomes.