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1.
Arch Virol ; 166(5): 1345-1353, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33689039

RESUMEN

Human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) belongs to the genus Pegivirus, family Flaviviridae, and until now has been considered a non-pathogenic agent, despite being considered a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 on HIV disease progression has been extensively reported. Given the high prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and the scarcity of epidemiological data for many countries of West Africa, we conducted the first study of HPgV-1 in HIV-infected individuals from Cabo Verde. To obtain new data regarding prevalence and genetic diversity of HPgV-1 in Africa, serum samples from 102 HIV-infected Cabo Verdeans were tested for the presence of viral RNA, and the circulating genotypes were identified by sequencing of the 5' untranslated region. HPgV-1 RNA was detected in 19.6% (20/102) of the samples. In 72.2% (13/18) of the samples, the virus was identified as genotype 2 (11/13 subtype 2a and 2/13 subtype 2b), and in 27.8% (5/18), it was identified as genotype 1. The estimated substitution rate of HPgV-1 genotype 2 was 5.76 × 10-4, and Bayesian analysis indicated the existence of inner clusters within subtypes 2a and 2b. The prevalence of HPgV-1 viremia in Cabo Verde agrees with that reported previously in Africa. Genotypes 1 and 2 cocirculate, with genotype 2 being more common, and HIV/HPgV-1 coinfection was not associated with higher CD4 T cell counts in the studied population. This finding contributes for the expansion of the pegivirus research agenda in African countries.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/genética , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Regiones no Traducidas 5'/genética , Cabo Verde/epidemiología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/virología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/genética , Viremia/epidemiología , Viremia/virología
2.
Virol J ; 17(1): 153, 2020 10 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33054824

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Human pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly known as GBV-C-is a member of the Flaviviridae family and belongs to the species Pegivirus C. It is a non-pathogenic virus and is transmitted among humans mainly through the exposure to contaminated blood and is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, among other viruses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPgV viremia, its association with HIV and clinical epidemiological factors, as well as the full-length sequencing and genome characterization of HPgV recovered from blood donors of the HEMOPA Foundation in Belém-PA-Brazil. METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from 459 donors, tested for the presence of HPgV RNA by the RT-qPCR. From these, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were submitted to the NGS sequencing approach in order to obtain the full genome. Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPgV was 12.42%. We observed the highest prevalences among donors aged between 18 and 30 years old (16.5%), with brown skin color (13.2%) and men (15.8%). The newly diagnosed HIV-1 prevalence was 26.67%. The HPgV genotype 2 (2a and 2b) was identified. No data on viral load value was found to corroborate the protective effect of HPgV on HIV evolution. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided information regarding the HPgV infection among blood donors from HEMOPA Foundation. Furthermore, we genetically characterized the HPgV circulating strains and described by the first time nearly complete genomes of genotype 2 in Brazilian Amazon.


Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/genética , Pegivirus/genética , ARN Viral/sangre , Viremia/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pegivirus/clasificación , Pegivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Viral/genética , Carga Viral , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Adulto Joven
3.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 26(4): 234-239, 2019 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31277987

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) viremia and genotype diversity among healthy blood donors from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (city of Macapá, State of Amapá). There is little information for prevalence and circulation of HPgV-1 in this remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a study evaluating the HPgV-1 RNA prevalence and circulating genotypes in 431 volunteer blood donors originating from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The obtained HPgV-1 positive samples were submitted to sequencing and genotyping analysis in order to examine the genotype diversity of this virus in the Brazilian Amazon. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated a prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in 9.5% of the tested blood donors. The phylogenetic analyses of the detected positive samples showed the presence of HPgV-1 genotypes 1, 2 and 3. The most frequently detected genotype was 2 (78.0% of the cases) represented by sub-genotypes 2A (39.0%) and 2B (39.0%). At lower rates, genotypes 1 (14.6%) and 3 (7.4%) were also detected. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed the presence of genotypes with European, Asiatic and African endemicity in Amazonian blood donors, probably due to the complex miscegenation processes that took place in this Brazilian region. More investigations, including information for the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in blood donors from other Latin American countries are needed to estimate the viremic rates and genotype distribution of this virus in a highly diverse continent like South America.


Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/genética , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , ARN Viral/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnología , Asia/etnología , Brasil/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Genotipo , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Migración Humana , Humanos , Indígenas Sudamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto Joven
5.
J Clin Virol ; 91: 58-61, 2017 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28499138

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) infection in the brain has not been extensively examined and its association with disease remains unconfirmed. In a high throughput sequencing study to look for infectious agents that could play a role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), this virus was detected in 3 of 8 CSF samples. OBJECTIVES: To determine the significance of this finding, additional patients were screened and the viral load and viral diversity in blood and CSF were examined. STUDY DESIGN: Nested PCR of the viral 5'NCR region was performed on blood and CSF pairs from 16 HAND patients. PCR products were cloned, sequenced and analysed to determine viral diversity in blood and CSF. HPgV-1 viral loads were determined in paired blood and CSF of 2 patients by digital droplet PCR. Nested PCR was also performed on CSF samples from patients with other brain disorders. RESULTS: Virus was detected in both blood and CSF in 3 of 16 HAND patients. Viral loads were very high in blood (8.81 and 10.56 log copies/ml) and 4-5 logs lower in CSF (4.68 and 5.84 log copies/ml). Sequence analysis of 5'NCR clones in blood and CSF showed limited variation. The dominant viral variant (based on clonal sequence identity) in blood and CSF was usually identical. HPgV-1 was detected in CSF from patients with other brain disorders at a similar frequency (15% versus 18.75% in HAND patients). CONCLUSION: While several studies have reported HPgV-1 detection in CSF of patients with brain disease, this is the only study that has examined both blood and CSF compartments simultaneously. Our findings show that virus in CSF always coincided with viraemia and levels were 4-5 logs higher in blood. While a rare, but specific brain tropism cannot be excluded, blood is the more probable source of virus in HAND patients.


Asunto(s)
Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/virología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/virología , Viremia , Adulto , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/genética , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Carga Viral
6.
J Med Virol ; 89(11): 1904-1911, 2017 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28460153

RESUMEN

A beneficial impact of the Human Pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly called GB virus C (GBV-C)-on HIV disease progression has been reported previously. One possible mechanism by which HPgV inhibits HIV replication is an alteration of the cytokine/chemokine milieu. Their expression has not been specifically evaluated in women despite their influence on disease progression and the possibility of gender-based differences in expression. Moreover, the impact of HPgV genotype on cytokine/chemokine expression is unknown. Sera levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFNγ, TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1ß, and TGF-ß1 were quantified in 150 HIV-positive women based on HPgV RNA status. Cytokines/chemokines with detection rates of at least 50% included IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFNγ, TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1ß, and TGF-ß1 . Absolute values were significantly higher for HPgV positive compared to HPgV negative women for IL-7, IL-13, IL-12p70, and IFNγ. Absolute values were significantly lower for HPgV positive women for IL-4, IL-8, TGF-ß1 , and IP-10. IFNγ values were higher for HPgV genotype 2 than for genotype 1 (P = 0.036). Further study of cytokine/chemokine regulation by HPgV may ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat HIV infection and/or the design of vaccine strategies that mimic the "protective" effects of HPgV replication.


Asunto(s)
Quimiocinas/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/inmunología , Virus GB-C/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Adulto , Quimiocinas/genética , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Genotipo , Humanos , Interleucina-12/sangre , Interleucina-12/genética , Interleucina-12/inmunología , Interleucina-2/sangre , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/inmunología , Interleucina-4/sangre , Interleucina-4/genética , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/inmunología , Estados Unidos
7.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 138(1): 113-118, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28391635

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) and factors associated with vertical transmission among pregnant women infected with HIV. METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women treated at an HIV reference service in Rio Grande, Brazil, between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2015. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose HPgV infection among the women and their neonates. Clinical, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Infection with HPgV was detected among 16 (25%) of 63 women and 5 (8%) of 63 newborns, corresponding to a vertical transmission rate of 31%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of prenatal care was the only risk factor for vertical transmission of HPgV (prevalence ratio 19.61, 95% confidence interval 1.29-297.48; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: Prenatal care could protect against vertical transmission of HPgV among women infected with HIV; however, studies among HIV-negative individuals are still required to verify this correlation.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/transmisión , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven
8.
J Med Virol ; 89(4): 632-638, 2017 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27603233

RESUMEN

We aimed to determine the rate of GBV-C viremia, seropositivity, and genotypes among people who inject drugs (PWID) and healthy volunteers in Estonia and to evaluate associations between GBV-C and sociodemographic factors, intravenous drug use, co-infections. The study included 345 Caucasian PWID and 118 healthy volunteers. The presence of GBV-C RNA (viremia) was determined by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR in 5' long terminal repeat. PCR products were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. GBV-C seropositivity was determined by ELISA. One third of PWID (114/345) and 6% (7/118) of healthy volunteers (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.5-20.5, P < 0.001) were GBV-C viremic. In PWID group, 79% of sequences belonged to subtype 2a, 19% to subtype 2b, and two remained unclassified. In healthy volunteers, six out of seven sequences belonged to subtype 2a and one to subtype 2b. We found HIV+ PWID to have two times increased odds of being GBV-C viremic compared to HIV- PWID (62% vs. 38%; OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.34-3.36, P = 0.001). In addition, odds of being GBV-C viremic decreased with increasing age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.98, P = 0.001). HIV positivity remained associated with GBV-C viremia in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.39-3.58, P = 0.001). GBV-C seropositivity was similar among PWID and healthy volunteers (2.3% vs. 1.7%, respectively; OR = 1.4, 95% CI =0.3-13.5, P = 1). In an Eastern European country we demonstrated that GBV-C viremia is common among PWID, but uncommon among healthy volunteers, and GBV-C seropositivity is infrequent among both groups. Similarly to other European countries and USA, GBV-C 2a is the most common genotype in Estonia. J. Med. Virol. 89:632-638, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/genética , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Europa Oriental/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , ARN Viral/sangre , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Viremia/diagnóstico
9.
J Virol Methods ; 241: 34-40, 2017 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28012898

RESUMEN

Human Pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) was recently identified in the bloodstream of HCV-infected and multiply transfused individuals. Initial reports show HPgV-2 circulates at a low prevalence in HCV co-infected individuals, necessitating testing of large cohorts of samples to identify infected persons. The identification of additional HPgV-2 cases was facilitated by the development of a high throughput and reliable molecular reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay intended for use on the automated Abbott m2000 system with a capability of extracting and testing 96 samples at once. A dual target approach was taken to reduce the risk of a false-negative result, amplifying sequences within the 5' UTR and NS2/3 coding regions of HPgV-2. The assay was expanded to multiplex detection of the other human Pegivirus, HPgV-1 (formerly GBV-C), to allow simultaneous prevalence comparison. The limit of detection (LOD; 95% detection) for HPgV-2 was experimentally determined to be 126 copies/mL. Through use of the newly developed multiplex assay, 21 strains of HPgV-2 circulating in HCV past or present infections were identified, with all strains confirmed by next generation sequencing. The multiplexed assay has high specificity and showed no cross-reactivity of HPgV-2 with HPgV-1 or other Flaviviruses. This automated assay will be instrumental in future studies addressing HPgV-2 pathogenicity, prevalence, and sequence diversity.


Asunto(s)
Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Automatización de Laboratorios , Coinfección/virología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética
10.
J Med Virol ; 88(12): 2106-2114, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27171504

RESUMEN

Previous studies have demonstrated that coinfection with HPgV is a protective factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, leading to slower disease progression, and longer survival after established disease. The present study sought to estimate the prevalence of HPgV infection and associated risk factors in patients harboring C or non-C HIV-1 subtypes followed-up at HU-FURG, southern Brazil. Samples from 347 HIV-1-infected subjects were subjected to plasma RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, HPgV RNA detection, and HIV-1 genotyping. The overall prevalence of HPgV RNA was 34%. Individuals aged 18-30 years had higher chances of infection compared with those 50 years or older (95%CI 1.18-52.36, P = 0.03). The number of sexual partner between one and three was a risk factor for HPgV infection (95%CI 1.54-10.23; P < 0.01), as well as the time since diagnosis of HIV-1 ≥ 11 years (95%CI 1.01-2.89; P = 0.04). Patients infected with HIV non-C subtypes had six times more chance of being HPgV-infected when compared to subtype C-infected subjects (95%CI 2.28-14.78; P < 0.01). This was the first study conducted in southern Brazil to find the circulation of HPgV. HIV/HPgV coinfection was associated with a longer survival among HIV+ patients. Of novelty, individuals infected by HIV non-C subtypes were more susceptible to HPgV infection. However, additional studies are needed to correlate the HIV-1 subtypes with HPgV infection and to clarify cellular and molecular pathways through which such associations are ruled. J. Med. Virol 88:2106-2114, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección/virología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/fisiología , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/genética , Parejas Sexuales , Adulto Joven
11.
J Gen Virol ; 97(7): 1537-1544, 2016 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27072634

RESUMEN

GB virus C (GBV-C) is a non-pathogenic flavivirus that may play a role in modulating HIV disease. Multiple genotypes of GBV-C that have been identified to date that may differentially regulate HIV; however, the number of complete GBV-C sequences published to date is very limited. We sequenced full-length GBV-C genomes from four individuals with HIV/HCV co-infection in the United States. Intergenotypic recombination was evident in two of these individuals. Evaluation of additional full-length GBV-C genomes would facilitate the creation of full-length, replication-competent molecular clones of GBV-C to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of GBV-C genotypes and provide important molecular data on this understudied virus.


Asunto(s)
Virus GB-C/genética , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Genoma Viral/genética , Recombinación Genética/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Coinfección , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Humanos , Filogenia , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Estados Unidos
12.
Klin Lab Diagn ; 61(10): 730-2, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30615350

RESUMEN

The article considers methods of laboratory diagnostic of parenteral viral hepatitis. The approaches ensuring single-valued differentiation of infected patients are determined. The various methods of evaluation of activity of infection process are presented. The algorithm of complex laboratory analysis concerning presence of parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D, G, TT, SEN) was proposed to ensure maximal informative minimum of laboratory analyses permitting fast and single-valued interpretation of received diagnostic data.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/métodos , Hepatitis Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Virus GB-C/patogenicidad , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepacivirus/patogenicidad , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/patogenicidad , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/patogenicidad , Hepatitis Viral Humana/etiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos
13.
Epidemiol Infect ; 144(1): 106-12, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26081197

RESUMEN

Hepatitis G virus or GB virus C (GBV-C) is a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus, but replicates primarily in lymphocytes. Co-infection with GBV-C has been reported to confer beneficial outcomes in some HIV-positive patients. Up to now, however, studies on GBV-C infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV-infected patient have rarely been reported. Herein, we report on a 32-year-old HIV-1-infected patient with cerebral toxoplasmosis and fungal encephalitis. GBV-C viral loads were detected in CSF by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the results showed that GBV-C viral load was 6·5 log copies/ml. We amplified and sequenced the E2 and 5'-untranslated regions from the purified viral RNA from CSF by RT-PCR. Both sequences belong to genotype 3 and there were some minor nucleotide divergence among the E2 sequences from the CSF of the patient. These data suggest that GBV-C may be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and colonize the CNS of HIV-infected patients. However, the exact mechanisms and potential effect of the infected GBV-C in CNS on HIV-associated neuropathy needs to be further explored.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Virus GB-C/genética , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/líquido cefalorraquídeo , ARN Viral/genética , Carga Viral , Adulto , China , Coinfección/microbiología , Coinfección/parasitología , Coinfección/virología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Hongos/fisiología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , VIH-1/fisiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Encefalitis Infecciosa/microbiología , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Viral/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Toxoplasma/fisiología , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/parasitología , Viremia/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Viremia/virología
14.
Psychiatry Res ; 229(3): 678-84, 2015 Oct 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26304023

RESUMEN

Although several studies suggest a virus or (endogenous) retrovirus involvement at the time of onset of schizophrenia, the unequivocal identification of one or more infectious agents, by means of an undirected catch-all technique, has never been conducted. In this study VIDISCA, a virus discovery method, was used in combination with Roche-454 high-throughput sequencing as a tool to determine the possible presence of viruses (known or unknown) in blood of first-onset drugs-naïve schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms. Two viruses (the Anellovirus Torque Teno virus and GB virus C) were detected. Both viruses are commonly found in healthy individuals and no clear link with disease was ever established. Viruses from the family Anelloviridae were also identified in the control population (4.8%). Besides, one patient sample was positive for human endogenous retroviruses type K (HML-2) RNA but no specific predominant strain was detected, instead 119 different variants were found. In conclusion, these findings indicate no evidence for viral or endogenous retroviral involvement in sera at the time of onset of schizophrenia.


Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/genética , Retrovirus Endógenos/aislamiento & purificación , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Metagenómica , ARN Viral/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Torque teno virus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , ADN Viral/metabolismo , Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Femenino , Virus GB-C/genética , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esquizofrenia/virología , Torque teno virus/genética
15.
J Med Virol ; 87(12): 2074-81, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26058920

RESUMEN

Human Pegivirus (HPgV), formerly GB virus-C/Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), collectively known as GBV-C, is widely spread and has been reported to be associated with non-A-E hepatitis. To our knowledge, no previous study was conducted about HPgV in Qatar. Thus, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to determine the rates of HPgV infection in Qatar among healthy blood donors and HBV-infected patients, and (ii) to determine the most predominant HPgV genotype in Qatar. A total of 714 blood plasma samples from healthy donors (612) and HBV-infected patients (102) were collected. RNA was extracted, reversed transcribed, and then subjected for HPgV detection by two round-nested PCR using primers amplifying a 208 bp of 5'-UTR of the HPgV. For genotyping, the 5'-UTR PCR products (from 25 randomly picked samples) were cloned and sequenced. The overall infection rate of HPgV in Qatar was 13.3%. There was no significant difference (P = 0.41) in the infection rates between healthy donor (13.7%) and in HBV-infected patients (10.7%). Moreover, we did not find any significant association between HPgV infection rates and nationality, sex, or age (P > 0.05). Sequence analysis of 40 5'-UTR PCR amplicons yielded the European genotype 2 as most predominant in Qatar, although other genotypes (5 and 7) were also present. Our results indicate that there is no strong correlation between HPgV infection rate, condition, nationality, age, and sex, and genotype 2 is most predominant in Qatar.


Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/clasificación , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Variación Genética , Filogenia , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Adulto , Femenino , Virus GB-C/genética , Genotipo , Voluntarios Sanos , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Qatar/epidemiología , ARN Viral/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
17.
J Virol ; 89(4): 2425-9, 2015 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25473056

RESUMEN

In 49 patients with known Ebola virus disease outcomes during the ongoing outbreak in Sierra Leone, 13 were coinfected with the immunomodulatory pegivirus GB virus C (GBV-C). Fifty-three percent of these GBV-C(+) patients survived; in contrast, only 22% of GBV-C(-) patients survived. Both survival and GBV-C status were associated with age, with older patients having lower survival rates and intermediate-age patients (21 to 45 years) having the highest rate of GBV-C infection. Understanding the separate and combined effects of GBV-C and age on Ebola virus survival may lead to new treatment and prevention strategies, perhaps through age-related pathways of immune activation.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección/epidemiología , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/epidemiología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Coinfección/virología , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/genética , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/mortalidad , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sierra Leona/epidemiología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto Joven
18.
PLoS One ; 9(12): e114467, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25493916

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: GB virus C (GBV-C) may have a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression; however, the epidemiologic characteristics of this virus are not well characterized. Behavioral factors and gender may lead to differential rates of GBV-C infection; yet, studies have rarely addressed GBV-C infections in women or racial/ethnic minorities. Therefore, we evaluated GBV-C RNA prevalence and genotype distribution in a large prospective study of high-risk women in the US. RESULTS: 438 hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositive women, including 306 HIV-infected and 132 HIV-uninfected women, from the HIV Epidemiologic Research Study were evaluated for GBV-C RNA. 347 (79.2%) women were GBV-C RNA negative, while 91 (20.8%) were GBV-C RNA positive. GBV-C positive women were younger than GBV-C negative women. Among 306 HIV-infected women, 70 (22.9%) women were HIV/GBV-C co-infected. Among HIV-infected women, the only significant difference between GBV-negative and GBV-positive women was age (mean 38.4 vs. 35.1 years; p<0.001). Median baseline CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV RNA levels were similar. The GBV-C genotypes were 1 (n = 31; 44.3%), 2 (n = 36; 51.4%), and 3 (n = 3; 4.3%). The distribution of GBV-C genotypes in co-infected women differed significantly by race/ethnicity. However, median CD4 cell counts and log10 HIV RNA levels did not differ by GBV-C genotype. GBV-C incidence was 2.7% over a median follow-up of 2.9 (IQR: 1.5, 4.9) years, while GBV-C clearance was 35.7% over a median follow-up of 2.44 (1.4, 3.5) years. 4 women switched genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Age, injection drug use, a history of sex for money or drugs, and number of recent male sex partners were associated with GBV-C infection among all women in this analysis. However, CD4 cell count and HIV viral load of HIV/HCV/GBV-C co-infected women were not different although race was associated with GBV-C genotype.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Virus GB-C/genética , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Hepatitis C/complicaciones , ARN Viral/sangre , Regiones no Traducidas 5'/genética , Factores de Edad , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Coinfección/complicaciones , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/virología , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos
19.
Cancer Res ; 74(19): 5553-60, 2014 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25115299

RESUMEN

Some retrospective studies suggest an association between infection with GB virus-C (GBV-C) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We evaluated this association prospectively in a nested case-control study within the U.S. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Cases (N = 658) and controls (N = 1,316) were individually matched by age, sex, race/ethnicity, timing of study entry, and sample selection. Prediagnostic PLCO serum samples were tested for GBV-C RNA (as a measure of active infection) and E2 antibody (active or resolved infection). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for the association between GBV-C and NHL overall and NHL subtypes. Twelve cases (1.8%) and seven controls (0.5%) were GBV-C RNA-positive. GBV-C RNA positivity was associated with NHL overall [OR, 3.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-8.71] and, based on small numbers, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR, 5.31; 95% CI, 1.54-18.36). The association with NHL persisted when the interval between testing and selection was greater than 4 years (OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 1.21-29.73). In contrast, E2 antibody positivity was not associated with NHL risk (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.74-1.58). Our study demonstrates that GBV-C infection precedes development of NHL. GBV-C infection may play an etiologic role in a small proportion of NHL cases, perhaps by causing chronic immune stimulation or impaired immunosurveillance.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/complicaciones , Linfoma no Hodgkin/epidemiología , Anciano , Secuencia de Bases , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cartilla de ADN , Femenino , Virus GB-C/genética , Humanos , Linfoma no Hodgkin/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
20.
J Gen Virol ; 95(Pt 6): 1307-1319, 2014 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24668525

RESUMEN

Human pegivirus (HPgV; previously called GB virus C/hepatitis G virus) has limited pathogenicity, despite causing persistent infection, and is associated with prolonged survival in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Although HPgV RNA is found in and produced by T- and B-lymphocytes, the primary permissive cell type(s) are unknown. We quantified HPgV RNA in highly purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, including naïve, central memory and effector memory populations, and in B-cells (CD19(+)), NK cells (CD56(+)) and monocytes (CD14(+)) using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Single-genome sequencing was performed on viruses within individual cell types to estimate genetic diversity among cell populations. HPgV RNA was present in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes (nine of nine subjects), B-lymphocytes (seven of ten subjects), NK cells and monocytes (both four of five). HPgV RNA levels were higher in naïve (CD45RA(+)) CD4(+) cells than in central memory and effector memory cells (P<0.01). HPgV sequences were highly conserved among subjects (0.117±0.02 substitutions per site; range 0.58-0.14) and within subjects (0.006±0.003 substitutions per site; range 0.006-0.010). The non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio was 0.07, suggesting a low selective pressure. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled HPgV RNA-containing particles precipitated by a commercial exosome isolation reagent delivered CSFE to uninfected monocytes, NK cells and T- and B-lymphocytes, and HPgV RNA was transferred to PBMCs with evidence of subsequent virus replication. Thus, HPgV RNA-containing serum particles including microvesicles may contribute to delivery of HPgV to PBMCs in vivo, explaining the apparent broad tropism of this persistent human RNA virus.


Asunto(s)
Virus GB-C/aislamiento & purificación , Virus GB-C/patogenicidad , Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , ARN Viral/sangre , Adulto , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Linfocitos B/virología , Secuencia de Bases , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/virología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/virología , Secuencia Conservada , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/virología , Virus GB-C/genética , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Monocitos/virología , Filogenia , ARN Helicasas/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Virulencia , Adulto Joven
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