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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative pain management in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods: In the prospective, randomized, controlled study, a total of 84 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were randomly allocated to the TEAS group (Group T) or control group (Group C). Patients in the Group T received TEAS at Neiguan (PC6) and Hegu (LI4) acupoints for 30 min before anesthesia induction and 30 min after thoracoscopic surgery. Patients in the Group C received the same placement of electrodes but without electrical stimulation. The numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score, remifentanil consumption, demand for rescue analgesics and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), patient satisfaction, and the levels of plasma ß-endorphin (EP) and IL-6 were recorded. Results: Patients in the Group T had significantly lower NRS pain scores at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery than those in the Group C. Compared with Group C, patients in Group T had lower remifentanil consumption during operation, lower demand for rescue analgesics and lower rate of PONV within 24 h after surgery. Patients in Group T also had lower IL-6 content, higher ß-EP content and higher satisfaction degree than those in the Group C. Conclusions: Perioperative TEAS significantly decreased postoperative pain and rescued analgesia requirements and the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, with a higher patient satisfaction. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100051841.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Dolor Postoperatorio , Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea del Nervio , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea del Nervio/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Prospectivos , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video/efectos adversos , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the early hemostatic mechanism of Jianpi Yiqi Shexue decoction (, JYSD) in treating immune thrombocytopathy (ITP), based on the functional homeostasis of brain-intestine axis and blood neurotransmitter METHODS: Non-drug treatment cases: Healthy volunteers were selected as normal control group and compared with patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, gastrointestinal tumors with bleeding and ITP, to detect the changes of blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ß-endorphin (ß-EP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and compare the changes of blood neuro-transmitters in patients with different disease symptoms. Drug treatment cases: According to the randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial, 272 ITP patients were randomly divided into three groups: treatment group (JYSD) combined group (JYSD + Prednisone) control group (Prednisone). The changes of blood neuro-transmitter (5-HT, ß-EP, VIP) before and after treatment were detected on the basis of peripheral blood platelet (PLT) and grade score. RESULTS: Non-drug treatment cases: compared with the normal control group, the 5-HT level was higher, and the VIP and ß-EP levels were both lower in the ITP group (P < 0.001), and the 5-HT, VIP and ß-EP levels in the Gastrointestinal tumors with bleeding group were also lower compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05, 0.001). Drug treatment cases: The PLT grading scores of the combination group and the control group after treatment were lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05, 0.001). The PLT grading score of the 3 groups were compared in pairs after treatment: the combination group was the lowest among the 3 groups, which was better than the treatment group, but no better than the control group (vs the treatment group, P = 0.005, vs the control group, P = 0.709). The statistical results of full analysis set (FAS) and per protocol set (PPS) were consistent. The bleeding symptom scores of the treatment and combination groups began to drop 7 d after treatment, and kept dropping 14 d after treatment until the end of the study (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the control group started to show favorable results 14 d after treatment (P < 0.05). The FAS and PPS analysis results were consistent. In the control group, the 5-HT level was higher and VIP level was lower after treatment, compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05, 0.001). The ß-EP levels were both increased in the treatment and combination group after treatment, compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the ß-EP levels in the treatment and control groups were significantly lower compared with the combination groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the VIP levels in the treatment and combination groups were up-regulated, and the differences were statistically significant by rank sum test (P < 0.01), and by t-test (P = 0.0002, 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prednisone tablet is better than the JYSD in increasing the level of PLT, while prednisone tablet combined with JYSD has more advantages in improving patients' peripheral blood PLT levels. However, in improving the bleeding time of ITP patients, the combination of the two drugs was significantly delayed compared with the single usage, showing the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. JYSD can regulate the neurotransmitter level of ITP patients through the function of the brain-gut axis, mobilize 5-HT in the blood of ITP patients to promote the contraction of blood vessels and smooth muscles, and activate the coagulation mechanism are the early hemostatic mechanisms of JYSD. Up-regulate the levels of ß-EP and balancing VIP levels may be an important part of the immune mechanism of JYSD for regulating ITP patients.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Serotonina , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Masculino , Serotonina/sangre , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/sangre , betaendorfina/sangre , Adolescente , Hemostáticos/administración & dosificación , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of menopause insomnia has gradually increased, seriously affecting women's physical and mental health. METHODS: Total 82 climacteric insomnia patients received from January 2021 to January 2023 were divided into 2 groups at random. In control group, 41 cases received conventional Western medicine, and in study group, 41 cases received acupuncture combined with Ningshen mixture. Clinical effectiveness of both groups was compared, neurotransmitter levels, TCM syndrome integral and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed in both groups. Meanwhile, the recurrence rate and safety were evaluated in 2 groups. RESULTS: The curative effect in study group was better than that in control group (Pâ <â .05). After treatment, the expressions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and ß-endorphin (ß-EP) in study group were higher than control group (Pâ <â .05); TCM syndrome scores and PSQI scores in study group were lower than control group (Pâ <â .05). The total recurrence rate in study group was obviously lower than control group at 3 months after treatment (Pâ <â .05). There were no serious adverse reactions in both group, and no distinct difference between 2 groups was found (Pâ >â .05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture united with Ningshen mixture has a significant therapeutic effect and high safety in climacteric insomnia patients. It can effectively improve the neurotransmitter levels, clinical symptoms and sleep quality, and reduce the recurrence rate of climacteric insomnia patients, which has high clinical application value and is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/terapia , Femenino , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Menopausia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Calidad del Sueño , betaendorfina/sangre , betaendorfina/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum ß-endorpin and neuropeptide Y were associated with changes in levels of thyroid hormones in children suffering from anorexia. One hundred and five anorexic children admitted to Xianning City Central Hospital, China, from August 2019 to July 2021, were selected as case group, while 105 normal children were selected as normal control group. Serum ß-endorpin and neuropeptide Y levels in the case group were lower than those in the normal control group (both p<0.001), and serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were also lower (both p<0.001). Serum ß-endorpin and neuropeptide Y levels in the case group were positively correlated with triiodothyronine and thyroxine. There is a reduced level of serum ß-endorpin, neuropeptide Y, and thyroid hormones in anorexic children, and it is possible that they are connected and work together in regulating ingestion.
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Tiroxina , Triyodotironina , Niño , Humanos , Anorexia , Neuropéptido Y , Hormonas Tiroideas , Tirotropina , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
To explore the application of Chaihu-Guizhi-Longgu-Muli decoction (CGLM) combined with Liuwei Dihuang Pills in the treatment of menopausal insomnia and its effect on sleep quality. The data of 120 menopausal insomnia patients admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and they were equally divided into the experimental group (n=60) and the control group (n=60) according to the order of admission. All patients were treated with Liuwei Dihuang Pills, and the experimental group was additionally given CGLM. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), estrogen level, negative emotion score, quality of life score, serum ß-endorphin (ß-EP) level, serotonin level (5-HT) and treatment effective rate were compared between the two groups of patients. After treatment, the experimental group obtained markedly lower PSQI scores and negative emotion scores than the control group (P<0.001). The estrogen levels, ß-EP levels and 5-HT levels of the experimental group after treatment were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.001). Higher quality of life scores and treatment effective rates were observed in the experimental group after treatment than the control group (P<0.001). CGLM combined with Liuwei Dihuang Pills can regulate the serum hormone levels of patients with menopausal insomnia, reduce negative emotions and improve sleep quality and quality of life, which merits clinical promotion.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Menopausia , Fármacos Inductores del Sueño , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Sueño , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , betaendorfina/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/efectos adversos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Emociones/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/sangre , Menopausia/sangre , Menopausia/efectos de los fármacos , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Serotonina/sangre , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Inductores del Sueño/efectos adversos , Fármacos Inductores del Sueño/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/fisiopatología , Comprimidos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disorder with increased peripheral inflammation disrupting the blood brain barrier. With increasing MS-related healthcare costs, the requirement to validate minimally invasive biomarkers has become imperative. METHODS: Relapsing-remitting MS patients on disease modifying therapies were consented at the Penn State Health MS Clinic to provide blood samples for analyses of serum cytokines and endogenous opioid peptides, as well as to complete the MSQOL-54 survey. RESULTS: Serum OGF levels in MS patients on glatiramer acetate (mean = 326 pg/ml), dimethyl fumarate (mean = 193.3 pg/ml) and natalizumab (mean = 393.4 pg/ml) were significantly elevated (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls (mean = 98.46 pg/ml). Individuals with elevated OGF levels also had increased levels of TNFα (r = 0.78) and IL-17A (r = 0.81). Only patients treated with glatiramer acetate had significant (p < 0.01) elevations in serum ß-endorphin levels. Analyses of MS-QoL 54 data showed no significant differences in physical or mental composite scores between treatment groups. However, serum levels of ß-endorphin had a direct correlation with physical health composite score (r = 0.70) in all treatments. Serum vitamin D levels had an indirect relationship with 25-foot walk test times (r = 0.47). CONCLUSION: Both regression and cohort data suggest that serum levels of OGF, ß-endorphin, and vitamin D are potential biomarkers for physical disease status in MS.
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Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente , Esclerosis Múltiple , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Receptores Opioides/sangre , betaendorfina/sangre , Biomarcadores , Acetato de Glatiramer/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cholestatic diseases are often accompanied by elevated plasma levels of endogenous opioid peptides, but it is still unclear whether central or peripheral mechanisms are involved in this process, and little is known about the change of pain threshold in these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the preoperative pain threshold, postoperative morphine consumption, and central and peripheral ß-endorphin levels in patients with obstructive jaundice. This study also tests the hypothesis that activation of the cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2R) in skin keratinocytes by endocannabinoids is the mechanism underlying circulating ß-endorphin elevation in patients with obstructive jaundice. METHODS: The electrical pain thresholds, 48-hour postoperative morphine consumption, concentrations of ß-endorphin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, skin and liver ß-endorphin expression, and plasma levels of endocannabinoids were measured in jaundiced (n = 32) and control (n = 32) patients. Male Sprague-Dawley rats and human keratinocytes (human immortalized keratinocyte cell line [HaCaT]) were used for the in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. Mechanical and thermal withdrawal latency, plasma level, and skin expression of ß-endorphin were measured in CB2R-antagonist-treated and control bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. In cultured keratinocytes, the effect of CB2R agonist AM1241-induced ß-endorphin expression was observed and the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2, p38, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways were investigated. RESULTS: This study found (1) the plasma level of ß-endorphin (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]) was 193.9 ± 9.6 pg/mL in control patients, while it was significantly increased in jaundiced patients (286.6 ± 14.5 pg/mL); (2) the electrical pain perception threshold and the electrical pain tolerance threshold were higher in patients with obstructive jaundice compared with controls, while the 48-hour postoperative morphine consumption was lower in the jaundiced patients; (3) there was no correlation between plasma ß-endorphin levels, electrical pain thresholds, and 48-hour postoperative morphine consumption in patients with obstructive jaundice; (4) the plasma level of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide was increased in the jaundiced patients; (5) CB2R antagonist treatment of the BDL rats reduced ß-endorphin levels in plasma and skin keratinocytes, while it did not alter the nociceptive thresholds in BDL and control rats; (6) the endocannabinoid anandamide-induced ß-endorphin synthesis and release via CB2R in cultured keratinocytes; and (7) phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 is involved in the CB2R-agonist-induced ß-endorphin expression in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: CB2R activation in keratinocytes by the endocannabinoid anandamide may play an important role in the peripheral elevation of ß-endorphin during obstructive jaundice.
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Agonistas de Receptores de Cannabinoides/administración & dosificación , Ictericia Obstructiva/sangre , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/agonistas , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/sangre , betaendorfina/sangre , Animales , Ácidos Araquidónicos/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Transformada , Células Cultivadas , Endocannabinoides/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Indoles/farmacología , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Ictericia Obstructiva/diagnóstico , Ictericia Obstructiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
We examined the association between endogenous opioid ß-endorphin, cancer progression and pain in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, with a rat C3(1) simian virus 40 large tumor antigen fusion gene (C3TAg). C3TAg mice develop ductal epithelial atypia at 8 weeks, progression to intra-epithelial neoplasia at 12 weeks, and invasive carcinoma with palpable tumors at 16 weeks. Consistent with invasive carcinoma at 4 months of age, C3TAg mice demonstrate a significant increase in hyperalgesia compared to younger C3TAg or control FVBN mice without tumors. Our data show that the growing tumor contributes to circulating ß-endorphin. As an endogenous ligand of mu opioid receptor, ß-endorphin has analgesic activity. Paradoxically, we observed an increase in pain in transgenic breast cancer mice with significantly high circulating and tumor-associated ß-endorphin. Increased circulating ß-endorphin correlates with increasing tumor burden. ß-endorphin induced the activation of mitogenic and survival-promoting signaling pathways, MAPK/ERK 1/2, STAT3 and Akt, observed by us in human MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting a role for ß-endorphin in breast cancer progression and associated pain.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Dolor en Cáncer/sangre , Dolor en Cáncer/diagnóstico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , betaendorfina/sangre , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones TransgénicosRESUMEN
Labour and modes of delivery can influence the plasma levels of stress hormones and cytokines involved in pathophysiologic cascade, potentially damaging brain development of the newborn. This prospective observational, single-centre, case-control, non-profit study aimed to detect potential differences in foetal well-being such as stress neuroendocrine responses. Quantitative determinations of the stress markers interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-8, and ß-endorphin were compared between the control group and the epidural analgesia group. We found higher IL1-ß levels but lower IL-8 and ß-endorphin levels in the epidural analgesia group than in the control group. No significant inter-group differences were observed for any parameters. Our findings demonstrate that epidural analgesia for pain relief during labour does not result in significant differences in blood stress response markers.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? We already know that plasma levels of stress hormones and cytokines are influenced by labour and delivery modes. This has a deep impact on the newborn in terms of brain damage, immune system deficits, and altered hypothalamic-pituitary axis responses. We also know that epidural analgesia is a widespread practice that offers pain relief to the woman in labour, but there are few studies on the potentially negative effects of epidural labour analgesia on the unborn child.What do the results of this study add? This study found no significative differences in blood stress response markers between the epidural analgesia group and the control group. Under this study circumstances we found out that epidural analgesia does not significantly influence the newborn's well-being during labour and delivery.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings must be confirmed by further studies to verify whether epidural analgesia is safe for the newborn's development.
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Analgesia Epidural/efectos adversos , Analgesia Obstétrica/efectos adversos , Sangre Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Sufrimiento Fetal/inducido químicamente , Dolor de Parto/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Sufrimiento Fetal/sangre , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Interleucina-8/sangre , Masculino , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this secondary analysis of a pilot clinical trial with individuals with alcohol and nicotine use disorders, we investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of oxytocin, ß-endorphin, melatonin, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, substance P, and orexin, with objective biomarkers (salivary cotinine and serum γ-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) as well as with self-reported smoking and alcohol drinking. METHODS: Biomarkers for a total of N = 19 participants were analyzed using multiplexed, competitive format immune-assay (peptides) and enzyme competitive immunoassay (saliva). A regression analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to determine correlations. We controlled for multiple comparisons, checked for collinearities, and ran two-sided statistical tests. RESULTS: We found significant positive correlations for cotinine and oxytocin (P = .002), ß-endorphin (P = .008), and orexin (P < .001), but not for either GGT or self-reported smoking or alcohol drinking. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: These preliminary results suggest a relationship between cotinine and oxytocin, ß-endorphin, and orexin, which opens up new potential hypotheses on the potential role of these endocrine pathways in tobacco smokers. (Am J Addict 2021;30:88-91).
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Alcoholismo/sangre , Cotinina/metabolismo , Orexinas/sangre , Oxitocina/sangre , Tabaquismo/sangre , betaendorfina/sangre , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melatonina/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Saliva/química , Fumar/sangre , Sustancia P/sangre , alfa-MSH/sangre , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangreRESUMEN
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have medical utility but are often abused, and the effects of AAS on reward circuits in the brain have been suggested to lead to addiction. We investigated the previously reported correlations between AAS and the endogenous µ-opioid system in the rewarding properties of AAS in mice. We found that a single injection of a supraphysiological dose of natural or synthetic AAS strengthened excitatory synaptic transmission in putative ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons. This effect was associated with the activation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) and an increase in ß-endorphins released into the VTA and the plasma. Irreversible blockade of MORs in the VTA counteracted two drug-seeking behaviors, locomotor activity and place preference. These data suggest that AAS indirectly stimulate a dopaminergic reward center of the brain through activation of endogenous opioid signaling and that this mechanism mediates the addictive effects of AAS.
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Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/fisiología , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismo , Recompensa , Esteroides/farmacología , Anabolizantes/administración & dosificación , Anabolizantes/farmacología , Animales , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/citología , Masculino , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de la Membrana/fisiología , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Nandrolona/administración & dosificación , Nandrolona/farmacología , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Esteroides/administración & dosificación , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos , Transmisión Sináptica/fisiología , Área Tegmental Ventral/citología , Área Tegmental Ventral/metabolismo , Área Tegmental Ventral/fisiología , betaendorfina/sangre , betaendorfina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Increased levels of endogenous opioids have been observed in patients with schizophrenia; however, the influence of these endogenous opioids on the biology of schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of beta-endorphin (BE) on the course of schizophrenia and risk of relapse. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 25 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia and 47 controls. Their symptoms were evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and composite index at five points: at the onset of hospitalization; after 4, 6 and 10 weeks of treatment; and after 12 months. ß-endorphin plasma concentrations were assessed in patients at study enrollment and after 6 weeks of treatment. Data regarding rehospitalization during follow-up were also collected. RESULTS Patients had higher BE concentration than controls at study enrollment (P=0.002) and after 6 weeks (P=0.000). BE levels increased during treatment (mean 0.538ng/mL vs. mean 0.624 ng/mL; P=0.007). No correlation was found between BE concentration and PANSS subscale score at any stage of the study. A higher BE level at study enrollment was related to a predominance of negative symptoms after 1 year, measured with composite index (R=-0.404; P=0.045). Patients who were later hospitalized again were significantly more likely to demonstrate an increase in BE levels over 6 weeks (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated higher BE concentrations than healthy controls; this tendency was particularly apparent in those affected by negative symptoms. The imbalance in the endogenous opioid system might adversely alter the course of disease and predispose patients to persistence of negative symptoms, despite antipsychotic treatment.
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Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , betaendorfina/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The literature provides partial support for the hypothesis that some suicide attempters develop a behavioral addiction to suicidal behavior (SB). We hypothesized that major suicide repeaters (MR) (≥5 lifetime suicide attempts) are addicted to suicide attempts as measured by modified DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence. In this cross-sectional study with 13 psychiatric controls (PC), 55 non-major suicide attempters (NMR), and 9 MR we found that MR are characterized by emotional abuse and neglect, as well as higher scores on the Personality and Life Event scale (short version). The levels of 8 AM serum ACTH, cortisol and ß-endorphin were elevated in all three groups. Serum ß-endorphin (pg/mL) was particularly high in PC diagnosed with schizophrenia 220.34 (±56.30). The level of 8 AM serum ß-endorphin rose with increased numbers of criteria met for addiction to SB from 130.31 (±88.16) (≥ 3 criteria met for addiction to SB) to 174.84 (±114.93) (≥ 6 criteria met for addiction to SB) whereas serum ACTH and cortisol did not change. SB addicts (≥ 6 criteria) displayed higher serum ß-endorphin concentrations than non-addicts (174.84 ± 114.93 vs. 116.93 ± 61.70, FET p = 0.09). The present study brings some support to the addictive hypothesis of SB. Our results delineate ß-endorphin as a promising biomarker of SB addiction, and offer a good basis for future studies that test whether buprenorphine can be used to prevent repetitive suicide attempts, non-suicidal-self-injury (NSSI), and the development of an addiction to SB.
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Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Conducta Adictiva/sangre , Conducta Adictiva/psicología , Ideación Suicida , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , betaendorfina/sangre , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: Childhood trauma is of importance for the manifestation of substance-related disorders and maintenance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis disorders. Since stress plays a crucial role in opioid compliance and craving, we investigated the immediate effects of diacetylmorphine application on the HPA axis. In particular, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion, as well as satiety regulating proopiomelanocortin peptides α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and ß-endorphin (END) in a cohort of opioid-dependent patients in diamorphine maintenance treatment concerning the clinical severity of their childhood trauma. METHODS: We compared the serum levels of ACTH, cortisol, MSH, and END in 15 opioid-dependent patients. All participants received treatment with diamorphine and were observed at 5 timepoints before and after injection. We split the cohort into 2 subgroups concerning childhood trauma measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS: Splitting in 2 subgroups for mild (5) and severe trauma (10), we found that while both groups show a significant reduction of ACTH and cortisol levels over time, slopes display different progressions over time for cortisol (F[1.6] = 9.38, p = 0.02), while remaining identical for ACTH (F[1.6] = 1.69, p = 0.24). Also, levels of both MSH and END were significantly lower in severely traumatized patients. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we present a detailed representation of stress- and addiction-related proteins for the first 5 h after diamorphine application, demonstrating the interrelationship between stress hormones and childhood trauma as well as its potential effects on the progression of addictions such as opioid dependence.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Dependencia de Heroína , Heroína , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Heridas y Lesiones/psicología , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Adulto , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Heroína/farmacología , Heroína/uso terapéutico , Dependencia de Heroína/tratamiento farmacológico , Dependencia de Heroína/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/estadística & datos numéricos , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Pain caused by soft tissue injury (STI) is always intractable and will eventually result in physical and psychological problems. This experiment aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) for pain-related STI. METHODS: Rabbits (n = 30) with STI were given fixed treatment for 20 seconds and then mobile treatment for 60 seconds daily for 10 consecutive days by an LIFU device with a power output of 5 to 6 W and a frequency of 0.8 MHz. To evaluate the degree of pain, the levels of ß-endorphin in serum were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and 5 to 10 minutes after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th treatments. The pain threshold was measured by an electronic analgesy meter on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 17th, and 24th days after the start of the treatment. To investigate inflammation, prostaglandin E2 , interleukin-1ß, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear factor κB messenger RNA levels were determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the same time as the pain threshold was tested. RESULTS: Compared with non-LIFU groups, ß-endorphin levels and pain thresholds were significantly increased (P < .05), whereas nuclear factor- κB messenger RNA, prostaglandin E2 , interleukin- 1ß, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were significantly reduced (P < .05) after LIFU treatment in rabbits with STI. CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity focused ultrasound can alleviate pain induced by STI and could have further clinical applications.
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Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dolor/etiología , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/complicaciones , Terapia por Ultrasonido/métodos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dolor/sangre , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Conejos , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi on blood levels of beta endorphin (ß-endorphin) and inflammatory markers in older adults with chronic pain. Forty community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain were randomized to Tai Chi or light physical exercise, and each offered twice weekly for 12 weeks. Following the 12-week intervention, neither Tai Chi nor light physical exercise changed levels of ß-endorphin and inflammatory markers. However, in older adults who completed 70% or more classes, Tai Chi significantly lowered levels of ß-endorphin (p < 0.05), whereas light physical exercise did not change levels of ß-endorphin. The results suggest that Tai Chi may reduce levels of ß-endorphin in older adults with chronic pain. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of the opioid analgesic system and immune system in regulating pain with aging and the long-term effects of Tai Chi on pain-related biomarkers.
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Dolor Crónico/terapia , Taichi Chuan , betaendorfina/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Vida Independiente , Inflamación , MasculinoRESUMEN
Background Nowadays, yoga is endorsed and advised routinely to stay fit and healthy, as well as control many chronic diseases including diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, etc. Now, our assumption is that those who do regular yoga have different persona than who do not do yoga regularly. We planned to test our hypothesis scientifically, and therefore baseline physiological characteristics with stress and inflammation levels in long-term and short-term meditators and healthy novice controls were analyzed. Methods In this retrospective analysis, 97 male participants were included for their Baseline analysis. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects practicing preksha meditation (since >5âyears, at least 5âdays a week) were included as long-term meditators (LTMs); 58 subjects who attended one of our short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for 2âweeks were included as short-term meditators (STMs); 24 male novice subjects, who did not participate in any yogic intervention, were included as healthy controls. Here, we analyzed the Baseline plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers, cortisol, ß-endorphin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in long-term meditators vs. short-term meditators vs. healthy controls. Outcome measures The study parameters body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plasma levels of stress and immune markers, cortisol, ß-endorphin (ß-Ed), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were assessed in all the three groups at baseline. Results Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed at baseline for plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers as well as body mass index and systolic blood pressure among LTM vs. STM vs. healthy controls. Conclusions Our observations suggest that the subjects who do regular yoga-meditation practice have better stress & inflammation status than comparable age matched healthy controls.
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Biomarcadores/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Meditación , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
The evening chronotype is associated with psychological symptoms such as depressed mood, while skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may affect mood and behavior through neural and humoral routes. This pilot study aimed to investigate the impact of whole-body narrow-band (NB) UV-B exposure on current mood state and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol and ß-endorphin (ß-END) levels in healthy participants. Here, eleven healthy women received full-body NB UV-B exposures on four afternoons, and the chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Perceived mood was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and serum 25(OH)D3, IL-6, cortisol and ß-END concentrations were monitored daily. Decreasing VAS values showed mood to improve significantly over the five days after the four suberythematous NB UV-B exposures (p = .038), and the more the circadian preference was inclined toward eveningness, the greater the improvement in the mood dimension of wellbeing (p = .021). Baseline mood state was correlated with baseline 25(OH)D3 (r = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.09) and with baseline cortisol (r = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04). During the NB UV-B exposures, 25(OH)D3 increased significantly, as expected, and IL-6 declined significantly by -0.35 (95% CI: -0.69 to -0.07) pg/mL from the initial values of 1.12 ± 0.66 pg/mL (p = .025). In conclusion, in our pilot study, NB UV-B exposure improved mood, especially among those with evening preference for their daily activities, as well as circulating 25(OH)D3 levels, whereas circulating IL-6 levels decreased. Abbreviations: UVR: Ultraviolet radiation; NB UV-B: narrow-band UV-B; VAS: Visual Analogue Scales; ß-END: ß-endorphin; IL-6: Interleukin-6.
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Afecto/efectos de la radiación , Ritmo Circadiano , Rayos Ultravioleta , Adulto , Calcifediol/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Proyectos Piloto , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , betaendorfina/sangreAsunto(s)
Anestesia General , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Sistemas Neurosecretores/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/sangre , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Escala Visual Analógica , betaendorfina/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: One of the main challenges in suicide prevention is the limited understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying suicide. Recent findings suggest impairments in pain processing in acutely suicidal patients. However, little is known about the biological factors that may drive these discrete physiological abnormalities. In this study, we examined plasma peptides involved in analgesic and inflammatory responses and physical pain threshold in acutely suicidal patients. METHODS: Thirty-seven depressed patients of both sexes hospitalized for severe suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt were characterized clinically including history of suicidal ideation and behavior. Psychological and physical pain, and pressure pain threshold was also measured. Plasma levels of ß-endorphin, neurotensin, agouti-related protein (AgRP), C-reactive protein (CRP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were run in Milliplex multiplex assays. RESULTS: The number of lifetime suicide attempts was positively correlated with ß-endorphin (râ¯=â¯0.702; pâ¯=â¯0.007), and neurotensin (râ¯=â¯0.728, pâ¯=â¯0.007) plasma levels. Higher pain threshold was measured in the suicide attempt group as compared to the suicidal ideation group. Pain threshold was strongly and negatively associated with CRP plasma levels (râ¯=â¯-0.548; pâ¯<â¯0.001). In patients reporting chronic pain, lower AgRP levels and lower pain threshold were observed (tâ¯=â¯4.472; pâ¯=â¯0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that abnormalities in the opioid and neurotensin systems may underlie the increase in pain threshold found in suicide attempters, and possibly risk for suicidal behavior. Targeting pain circuits and systems may provide therapeutic mechanisms for suicide prevention.